• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

The time for form removal is an important factor for ensuring the safety and economical efficiency of concrete structures, because it affects the quality, period, and cost of construction. Although local specifications suggest the form curing time, there is a problem of low quality of concrete due to early removing of form. This is because they do not fully understand effect of curing condition, and they want to shorten construction period in the field. Therefore, this research evaluates the effect of curing condition according to the time for form removal by testing specimen. As a result, the concrete compressive strength at the age of 28 days decreased about 40% in the condition of form removal after 12 hours, while the strength in the condition of form removal after 28 days decreased about 7%. Finally, this paper suggests an estimating equation for the concrete compressive strength due to the time for form removal considering various curing temperatures as equivalent ages. The proposed equation can be used in the field for evaluating the strength after form removal.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Construction plan and strength control have limitations in construction production field because it is difficult to predict the form removal strength and development of specified concrete strength. However, we can have reasonable construction plan and strength control if prediction of concrete strength is available. In this study, firstly, the newly proposed strength prediction model with maturity method was compared with the logistic model to test the adaptability. Secondly, the determination of time of form removal was verified through the new strength prediction model. As the results, it is found that investigation of the activation energy that are used to calculate equivalent age is necessary, and new strength prediction model was proved to be more accurate in the strength prediction than logistic model in the early age. Moreover, the use of new model was more reasonable because it has low SSE and high decisive factor. If we adopt new strength prediction model at construction field, we can expect the reduced period of work through the reduced time of form removal.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.126-131
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 극지 빙해역을 운항하는 쇄빙선박이나 해양구조물에 작용하는 해빙의 재료특성을 계측할 수 있는 간이 실험 장비를 제작하였다. 극지 빙해역을 운항하는 쇄빙선박의 빙저항이나 해양구조물에 작용하는 빙하중을 추정하기 위해서 극지 현장에서 실규모의 시험을 수행하게 되는데, 저온과 얼음이라는 악조건을 극복하기 위한 빙역학 기술과 특수 장비가 필요하다. 국내에 한국해양연구원 MOERI 빙해수조가 완공됨에 따라 얼음의 특성을 고려한 모형빙 재료특성 시험용 계측장비가 일부 마련이 되었으나 빙해역 현장 시험에 대한 경험이 전무하며, 계측장비에 대한 지식과 기술 역시 확보되지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 차후 쇄빙연구선 ARAON호를 이용한 빙해역의 실선계측 시 해빙의 강도를 측정하기 위한 계측시스템 마련의 일환으로 시험편 획득을 위한 코어링 장비와, 해빙의 재료특성 중 1축 압축강도를 측정하기 위한 간이 압축시험기 그리고 얼음의 결정구조를 파악하기 위한 편광기를 제작하였다. 또한 극지 현장실험에 적용할 실험기법 확보를 위한 일련의 과정을 마련하기 위해 제작된 장비를 이용해 소양호에서 현장실험을 수행하였고 계측된 결과를 참고문헌과 비교해본 결과 유사한 값을 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2001

실내시험으로 구한 점토의 공학적 성질은 샘플링, 운반, 저장, 그리고 성형과정 동안에 발생하는 시료의 교란으로 인해 원지반의 성질과 다르게 측정된다. 본 연구에서는 양산점토에 대한 삼축압축시험($CK_{o}$ UC) 결과를 이용하여 샘플링 방법에 따른 교란의 정도를 평가하였다. 실험에 사용된 시료는 76mm 튜브샘플러, 76mm 피스톤샘플러, 블록샘플러로 채취되었으며, 시료의 교란정도를 평가하기 위해 각 시료에서 측정된 체적변형률, 비배수 전단강도, Secant Youngs modulus, 그리고 파괴시 간극수압계수를 비교하였다. 시료의 교란정도를 평가하는 것 이외에도 SHANSEP 방법을 이용하여 수행한 $CK_{o}$ U 삼축압축시험 결과를 이용하여 양산점토에 대한 정규화 전단강도($C_{u}$ /$\sigma$$_{vc}$ )와 OCR 관계를 규명하였다. 또, 피에조콘 관입시험, 딜라토메타 시험, 그리고 현장 베인시험결과를 이용하여 구한 양산점토의 비배수 전단강도를 삼축압축시험 결과와 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.577-583
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• 2022

On large-scale sites, concrete is often delivered from a number of ready-mixed concrete companies, but even if the same concrete mixture table is used, it is thought that there will be a difference in quality due to differences in materials and manufacturing equipment. Due to a lack of previous research in this area, this study measured the properties of fresh concrete, compressive strength, and chlorine ion diffusion coefficient using the concrete supplied by 12 ready-mixed companies in Busan. The fresh concrete properties met the criteria. The compressive strength increased by 137% for 30MPa, 131% for 45MPa, and 117% for 80MPa by specified compressive strength. For the chlorine ion diffusion coefficient, the average value for each specified compressive strength could be derived without significant variation. The higher the compressive strength, the greater the deviation , and the lower the compressive strength, the greater the deviation in the chlorine ion diffusion coefficient.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

This study was made on the fact that the compressive strength characteristic of the recently developed alkali silica-sol chemical grout material was examined, whose grout material used for this study was designed to understand its strength property through the uniaxial compressive strength test(homo-gel, sand-gel), permeability test, deflection strength test, etc. In order to compare with the engineering characteristics regarding alkali silica-sol grout material and sodium silicate grout material. The uniaxial compressive strength of silica-sol grout material was identified to be increased more than 3~5 times than sodium silicate grout material at the early stage(within 72 hours). When comparing with the uniaxial compressive strengths of Sand-gel and Homo-gel at the material age of 28 days in case of silica-sol grouting material the strength of Sand-gel was measured to be about 1.3 times higher than Homo-gel. In case of silica-sol, it is assumed to have the property to exert high strength when it is actually grouted into the ground. As a result of permeability test it is judged that it is possible to apply the silica-sol to the site in the place requiring the water cut-off as the silica-sol. As a result of testing the strength at the material age of 28 days of grouting-use silica-sol showed more than 3 times' difference than the sodium silicate grouting material.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

The pullout test, a nondestructive testing(NDT), for pre-installed inserts is perhaps the most widely used technique to estimate the in-situ compressive strength of concrete. It measures the force needed to pullout a standardized metal insert embedded into concrete members. The pullout test was certified by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) and Canadian Standards Association(CSA) as a reliable method for determining the strength of concrete in concrete structures under construction. To easily estimate the strength of ultra-high-strength concrete, a simplified pullout tester, primarily composed of a standard 12mm bolt with a groove on the shaft as a break-off bolt, an insert nut, and a hydraulic oil pump without a load cell, was proposed. Four wall and two slab specimens were tested for two levels of concrete strength, 80MPa and 100MPa, using a simplified pullout tester with a load cell to verify the advantages of the pullout test and simplified pullout test. The compressive strength of concrete, pullout load, and the rupture of the break-off bolt were measured 11 times, day 1 to 7, 14, 21, 28, and 90. The correlation of the pullout load and the compressive strength of each specimen show a higher degree of reliability. Therefore, a simplified pullout test can be used to evaluate the in-place strength of ultra-high-strength concrete in structures. The prediction equation for the groove diameter of the break-off bolt(y) with the concrete strength(x) was proposed as y=0.0184x+5.4. The results described in this research confirm the simplified pullout's utility and potential for low cost, simplicity, and convenience.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2020

The DMM (Deep mixing method) is a construction method in which an improved pile is installed in the soft ground by excavation ground using an auger and then mixing ground stabilizer with soil. Improved pile installed in the soft ground by the DMM may have different compressive strength depending on the properties and characteristics of the soil. In the previous study, laboratory tests were performed on the ground stabilizer for the DMM developed by using the ash of the circulating fluidized bed boiler as a stimulator for alkali activation of the blast furnace slag. And the test results were analyzed to derive the correlation between the unit weight of binder (γ_B) and the uniaxial compressive strength (q_u). In this study, comparative reviews were conducted on the correlations derived from the same laboratory tests on soil material collected from the Saemangeum area and the stability of the site was evaluated by analyzing the test results performed at the site. As a result, the clay collected from the Saemangeum area satisfies the correlation between the unit weight of binder (γ_B) and the uniaxial compressive strength (q_u) derived from the previous study. And the result of the test at the field showed a higher uniaxial compressive strength than the standard strength at the field, indicating excellent stability.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

The development of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), which is a highly flowable material, has been performed for the application of backfill. The objective of this study is to compare the compressive strength and compressive wave velocity of CLSM according to the curing time. To investigate the characteristics of the CLSM consisting of sand, silt, water, flyash, and CSA cement, uniaxial compression test and flow test were carried out. For the measurement of compressional waves, a cell and a couple of transducers were used. The test results show that the compressive strength increases with the curing time, while the increment of compressive strength decreases with the curing time. In addition, the compressive wave velocity increases with the curing time, and the correlation between the compressive wave velocity and compressive strength is similar to exponential function. This study suggests that the correlation between the compressive wave velocity and compressive strength may be effectively used for the estimation of compressive strength of the CLSM at early curing time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

콘관입시험(CPT)은 의사정적상태로 수행되는 현장시험방법으로서, 각종 기초구조물의 설계와 더불어 지반조사를 위한 대표적 방법으로 널리 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 콘관입시험결과를 이용하여 사질토 지반에 있어서 지반강도의 상세평가법을 제안하고자 한다. 사질토의 강도는 상대밀도와 응력상태에 따라 변하는 상태의존적 성질을 나타내고 있으나, 이러한 역학적 성질은 실험실 내에서만 측정이 가능한 상태이며, 현장강도의 경험식이나, 대표강도의 평가만이 제안되어 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대표적 현장시험방법인 CPT를 이용하여 다이러턴시 특성 평가가 가능하며, 다양한 지반특성치가 반영될 수 있는 현장강도의 상세평가법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 실내삼축압축시험을 통해 얻어진 강도특성과 역학특성치들을 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 수정 다일러턴시 평가법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법의 검증을 위해 가압토조를 이용한 콘관입시험을 수행하였으며, 측정값과의 비교분석을 수행하였다.