• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.203-213
• /
• 2016

Conservation treatment of modern cultural heritage rickshaw from National Museum of Korean Contemporary History were carried out. The Rickshaw is divided into three parts which are chair part, sun-block cover part, wheels part. Treatment was referred to analysis results of P-XRF, species identification, FT-IR and microscope observation on Rickshaw. Outer films of rickshaw were chipped off. Therefore, conservation and restoration treatment were carried out in the damaged area. Degradation in armrest, saddle and backside of chair may cause serious problem. Therefore, the reinforcement were carried out with similar materials. Dry and wet cleaning were performed in sun-block cover to remove white stain and corrosion contaminant. Furthermore, reinforcement and restoration were performed in damaged area. Rickshaw from National Museum of Korean Contemporary History was made with various materials. This research result expects to be a great example of conservation treatment for modern cultural heritage which is made of various materials and to be used as useful data for conservation and restoration in modern cultural heritage.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2020

This study surveyed 244 employees out of a total of 356 graduates from the steel industry in 2015 to February 2019. The employment rate of graduates is POSCO 67.7%, Hyundai Steel 23.8%, POSCO families 13.1%, and Hyundai Steel families 8.5%. The national certificates acquired by each section were surveyed, with 53.1% of metal section, 39.8% of mechanical section, and 7.1% of other section. Preferred national certificates were POSCO, machinery maintenance industry technicians, steelmaking technicians, and Hyundai Steel followed steelmaking technicians, mechanical maintenance industrial technicians. Among other certifications, the national certificate of industrial safety industrial engineer was preferred. In addition, the average number of national certificates per person for major employment is 5.06 for POSCO, 5.35 for POSCO families, 5.29 for Hyundai Steel, and 4.73 for Hyundai Steel families. The average number of national certificates for S-OIL, KEPCO, Poongsan Metal, etc., is 2.51. In conclusion, it was found that the national certificates related to majors are used as the main evaluation data in finding suitable majors and competency for the job when recruiting talents.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.553-581
• /
• 2022

Shortly after tunnel boring machine (TBM) was introduced in the tunneling industry, the use of TBM has surprisingly increased worldwide due to its performance together with the benefit of being safely and environmentally friendly. One of the main cost items in the TBM tunneling in rock and soil is changing damaged or worn cutters. It is because that the cutter change is a time-consuming and costly activity that can significantly reduce the TBM utilization and advance rate and has a major effect on the total time and cost of TBM tunneling projects. Therefore, the importance of accurately evaluating the cutter life can never be overemphasized. However, the prediction of cutter wear in soil, rock including mixed face is very complex and not yet fully clarified, subsequently keeping engineers busy around the world. Various prediction models for cutter wear have been developed and introduced, but these models almost usually produce highly variable results due to inherent uncertainties in the models. In this study, a case study of design and construction of disc cutter change is introduced and analyzed, rather than proposing a prediction model of cutter wear. As the disc cutter is strongly affected by the geological condition, TBM machine characteristic and operation, authors believe it is very hard to suggest a generalized prediction model given the uncertainties and limitations therefore it would be more practical to analyze a real case and provide a detailed discussion of the difference between prediction and result for the cutter change. By doing so, up-to-date idea about planning and execution of cutter change in practice can be promoted.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.281-302
• /
• 2021

Railway projects have been consistently increasing in Korea. In relation to this trend, the mechanized tunneling using Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is preferably applied for mining urban areas and passing under rivers. The TBM tunneling under difficult grounds like mixed faces with high water pressure could require ground improvements for stable TBM advance or safe cutter head intervention (CHI). In this study, pre-grouting works for CHI in Daegok-Sosa railway project are presented in terms of the grouting zone design, the executions and the results, the lessons learned from the experience. It should be mentioned that the grouting from inside TBM was carried out several times and turned out to be inefficient in the project. Therefore, grouting experiences from the surface are highlighted in this study. Jet grouting was implemented on CHI points on land, while permeation grouting off shore in the Han River, which mostly allow to access the cutter head of TBM in free air with stable faces. The results of CHI works have been analyzed and the lesson learned are suggested.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.37-67
• /
• 2023

Arbitration is a just and efficient method for resolving economic disputes. It adapts to the needs of economic development and is an important institution in today's society. Around the world, a tradition of resolving disputes through arbitration spontaneously developed in ancient times and gradually evolved into a legal system with the development of jurisprudence starting from the Middle Ages. In China, formal legislation on arbitration began in the modern era during the Republic of China period. However, the origins of arbitration as a method for resolving disputes can be traced back to ancient times, during the Qin and Han dynasties. The most significant modern arbitration legislation in China is the "Arbitration Law" enacted in 1995, which drew on the experiences of foreign arbitration laws. Despite this, there are still many areas in arbitration legislation that require improvement based on practical experiences. Currently, revisions to the Arbitration Law are underway, and historical experiences may offer valuable insights, assisting in better integrating the Arbitration Law with Chinese society. This article primarily focuses on the role and impact of the imported modern commercial arbitration system in China and how it can be harmonized with China's legal culture in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2013

This study seeks to find the sociocultural value which influences the man image and make-up in media. It helps to gain the effective data that suggest the application of male make-up in promoting development of market. The man emphasizes the practical value which is the technical and instrumental value to express the man image rationally, aesthetic value to pursue aesthetic purely and symbolic value which is a volitional and intentional value experienced in the history and society to express preferring man images as the society is changed. As analysing the man image based on sociocultural value, the practical value of men's make-up is to maximize the utility vale in order to deliver a clear image considering their activity range, environment, and situation. Second, the aesthetical value of men's make-up is to emphasize femininity through women's make-up technic. Third, the symbolic value of men's make-up is to deliver a concept or intentionally create an image by maximizing overall characteristic image. It will be hopefully valuable as a basic data for developing make-up products and setting trend for men as well as for future studies.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.403-427
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to deeply understand consumer characteristics of department stores in pusan to cope with intensive competition of distribution channels. To complete this purpose, literature study was done through secondary data, than statistical research was conducted from 23th April to 17th May, 2001, through interview with 600 consumers of Hyundai department store in Pusan. Consumers of department stores earn more money than average, and they purchase fashion goods rather than necessities at department stores. Thus to deal with discount store, department stores need to lay stress on prestigious image and fashion goods. And to deal with other competitive department stores, they have to develope more distinctive and superior marketing mix than counter part. These days distribution situations of pusan are changed owing to prohibition of shuttle bus, opening of second section of subway line 2, and opening of Lotte department store at Dongrae. Thus departments stores also have to investigate the change of shopping behavior of consumers.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.125-162
• /
• 2003

This paper investigates the short- and long- run relationship among Korean, U.S. and Japanese construction indices. We conducted the Johansen's cointegration tests on the hypotheses that the construction indices of three countries we related in the long-run as well as in the short-run. The test results show that there exists no long-run relationship among three countrie's construction indices. In addition, the cointegrating relation did not exist for three countrie's stock market indices and five major Korean construction firms. It fumed out that the U.S. indices Granger-causes Japanese and Korean indices. This finding implies that there may exist international diversification benefit through forming a portfolio from these indices.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.33
• /
• pp.163-178
• /
• 2006

향의약학영향료직접효력적의약정책급위료관철적양정책입적의약조직기구화각충의약사병제도등(向?約學影向了直接效歷的?約政策及危了關鐵的洋政策立的?約組織紀柩和各忠?約事?制度等), 도시현대의정관리화약정관리체계적구성부분(都是現代?政管理和約政管理?系的柩成部分). 의정관리화약정관리도보건복지적중요구성부분(?政管理和約政管理都保健福祉的重要柩成部分). 의정화약정책명사개념자동근현대개시사용적(?政和約政策名?槪念自洞近現代開始使用的), 불과본논문상언급적개념도시왕조사회적내용(不過本?文上言及的槪念都是王朝社會的內容). 진관왕조사회몰용의정화약정저명사개념(進管王朝社會沒用?政和約政這名?槪念). 단시여현대적의정화약정개념차불다일양(但是?現代的?政和約政槪念差不多一洋). 유이본논문상용현대적‘의정’개념개전연구(由而本?文上用現代的‘?政’槪念開展硏究), 관우재왕조사회상의정병기영향의학발전(?于在王朝社會上?政幷基影響?學發展). 논자최근화중국양준교수합작병진행관우자종진한시대도청조적의정사공동연구(?者最近和中國梁畯敎授合作幷進行?于自種秦漢時代到淸朝的?政史共同硏究), 파타당작기근향후한의학유관적아국정책급교육(把?當作基根向后韓?學有?的我國政策及敎育), 보건행정등방면상(保健行政等方面上), 반망활용이참고자료(盼望活用以參考資料). 본몬문시저반연구작업제일두서(本論文是疽般硏究作業第一斗緖), 지우자종형성중국최초통일국가적진조도한조적의정사(至于自種形成中國最初統一國家的秦朝到漢朝的?政史), 진한적정책개요(秦漢的政策槪要), 진한의약정책(秦漢?約政策), 관우의정기구진한의관제도적작용(?于?政肌柩秦漢?官制度的作用), 진한의약정책화의약발전관계(秦漢?約政策和?約發展?系), 진한의정평가화형성원인등분성오개방면후(秦漢?政?伽和形成原因等分成五介方面后), 진행연구병정리보고기결과(進行硏究幷整理報告基結果).

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2022

In order to promote active sales growth in the rapidly changing modern society's makeup market, it is now time to analyze makeup colors closely in line with current trends. Therefore, in this study, professional women from Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do were treated and analyzed with the statistical SPSS 21.0 package program for colors such as makeup base, eyebrow, lip, and cheek, and the reasons for their preference. As a result of the study, yellow makeup base, black eyebrow, red lip, and red cheek color were preferred. This study will be provided as basic data for the development of various makeup patterns and novel makeup color items, and it is believed that it will contribute directly or indirectly to increased sales while gaining an edge in the modern makeup market.