• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2015

Purpose: Although a Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) order is widely in use, it is one of the challenging issues in end-of-life care. This study was conducted to investigate attitudes toward DNR according to education and clinical experience. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising 30 items in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. Results: Participants were 238 nurses and 72 physicians. Most participants (99%) agreed to the necessity of DNR for reasons such as dignified death (52%), irreversible medical condition (23%) and patients' autonomy in decision making (19%). Among all, 33% participants had received education about DNR and 87% had DNR experience. According to participants' clinical DNR experience, their attitudes toward DNR significantly differed in terms of the necessity of DNR, timing of the DNR consent and post-DNR treatments including antibiotics. However, when participants were grouped by the level of DNR education, no significant difference was observed except in the timing of the DNR consent. Conclusion: This study suggests that the attitudes toward DNR were more affected by clinical experience of DNR rather than education. Therefore, DNR education programs should involve clinical settings.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.307-337
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• 2017

The freedom of assembly is the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution. However, as far as our reality is concerned, the freedom of assembly is guaranteed only when it is under the control of the police, and otherwise it is perceived as an object to be suppressed. Police say even that they will not tolerate even a small illegal law while referring to the "broken window theory". Therefore, regardless of the peaceful nature of the rally, it is too obsessed with 'compliance'. This attitude is causing the citizens who participated in the assembly to be put to the object to be suppressed. This paper analyzes the requirements and current status of police force, focusing on the vehicle-wall-blocking and water cannon as a means of using the police force, which is a recent problem, and suggests ways to improve it. First of all, the installation of the wall cuts off the essential communication function of the assembly by separating the meeting place from the object of protest. Thus, despite the warning for prevention in the face of illegal acts, other than installing a barrier, it should be allowed only in the 'urgent case where there is a risk of causing damage to the life, body or property of the person'. Without this urgency, the vehicle-wall-blocking should not be allowed to be proactive as well as preventive. Secondly, the water cannon is a police force that is likely to harm people's life and body. Therefore, aiming shots, which could pose a significant risk to the human body, should in principle be prohibited. However, considering its risk, it should be supplementary used only when there is no other alternative, only when the direct risk to the legal interest of the other person or the order of public well-being is 'obvious'. In addition, as for the use standard of such a thing, it is necessary to be specified by law.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.6_2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2015

The school violence is at a critical level today even though it occurred continuously from the past. This issue is not only limited to Korea but it could become a greater issue overseas where possession of firearms is legal. Therefore, introduction of preventative measures in Korean schools should be reviewed by studying how different policies are being applied in countries worldwide to eradicate school violence. Furthermore, the society should continuously make an effort to eradicate school violence. The attitude of regional community who reports instead of spectating and their interest towards school violence are considered very important in addition to the police activities carried out by an organization of the society.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to see how young children's playfulness and ability to creatively problem solve can affect their behavior. young children's playfulness in creases with in creasing creativity and personality traits and behavioral problems decrease with increasing of playfulness. Young children's behavioral problems increase with increasing of creative personality traits. In addition, young children's playfulness and creative personality characteristics affect their behavioral problems. The impact on the behavioral problems with variables for playfulness and creative personality traits has a negative correlation with creative curiosity, a sense of humor and expression of fun. The cognitive and physical spontaneity of the playfulness are correlated positively to young children's behavioral problems.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 1998

This study investigated the influences of applying the Cognitive Conflict Process Model (the Procedural Teaching Model using Cognitive Conflict Strategy: Kwon, 1989) upon students' achievement and attitudes in a middle school science concept instruction. For the treatment group, science instruction to apply the Cognitive Conflict Process Model was used. For the control group, traditional instruction was used. Prior to instruction, students' pre-conceptions test and attitudes test related to the science were administered. After instruction, the above two tests and the regular examinations were measured. Also students' perceptions of their teacher's new teaching style was investigated by questionnaire. But, above all, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the principal accompanying matters of general application of the teaching model to science concept instruction rather than conceptual and attitudinal change. Therefore, this study identified necessary conditions of applying the teaching model to science instruction.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) is an asynchronous networking technology that has been deployed for the networking environment in which steady communication paths are not available, and therefore it stores receiving data in a data storage and forward them only when the communication links are established. DTN can be applied to sensor networks and mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) as well as space communication that supports data transmissions among satellites. In DTN networking environments, it is very important to secure a scheme that has relatively low routing overhead and high reliability, so that it can enhance the overall routing speed and performance. In order for achieving efficient data transmissions among the nodes that have comparatively periodic moving patterns, this paper proposes a time information based DTN routing scheme which is able to predict routing paths. From the simulation results using Omnet++ simulation tools, it has been verified that the proposed time information based DTN routing algorithm shows satisfied levels of routing speed and routing reliability even with lower routing overheads.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.73-81
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• 1996

In multiprocessor systems with multiple processors and memories, efficient communication between processors and memories is critical for high performance. Various types of multistage networks have been proposed. The economic feasibility and the improvements in both computing throughput and fault tolerance/diagnosis have been some of the most important factors in the development of these computer systems. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for the diagnosis of generalized cube interconnection networks with a fan-in/fan-out of 2. Also, using the assumed fault model present total fault diagnosis by generating suitable fault-detection and fault-location test sets for link stuck fault, switching element fault in direct/cross states, including broadcast diagnosis methods based on some basic properties or generalized cube interconnection networks. Finally, we illustrate some example.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.113-114
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• 2009

The efficient foundation design of apartment buildings needs to include the effect of upper structure on foundation behavior. In this study, a foundation design method effectively considering upper structure stiffness using finite element analysis program is proposed. The analytical study showed that the proposed method reduces the allowable soil pressure under foundation and the amount of reinforcement as well as concrete for foundation.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.10-13
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• 1994

최근 선박의 대형화, 고속화로 인하여 추진기의 부하가 증가되고 있으며, 특히 최근 등장한 1,000TEU급 콘테이너선의 경우 추진기가 흡수해야되는 축마력이 70,000HP 이상인 경우도 잇다. 커다란 축마력을 흡수하여 선박을 빠른 속도로 추진시켜야 되는 최근의 추진기는 작동 원리상 캐비테이션 발생을 피할 수 없으며 캐비테이션 발생량의 허용범위 및 캐비테이션 거동의 특성을 고려하여 추진기를 설계하여야 된다. 캐비테이션의 여유가 없이 추진기 설계가 수행되기 때문에 추진기 캐비테이션의 성능해석은 엄밀한 정밀도가 요구된다. 캐비테이션이란 일정한 온도에서 유체동력학 작용에 의해서 유체주위의 압력이 일정한 압력(예 : 증기압) 이하로 낮아질 때 물이 기화하여 수증기로 변하면서 빈 공간을 형성하는 현상을 말한다. 이렇게 발생된 캐비티는 주위 압력환경에 따라 생성, 성장, 수축, 붕괴의 과정을 거치게 된다. 특히 붕괴의 과정은 짧은 시간 내에 급격히 진행되기 때문에 진동 및 소음의 원인이 되고, 심할 경우 추진기 혹은 주위 물체 표면에 침식작용의 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 고에서는 캐비테이션의 물리적 특성 및 분류방법을 간단히 소개하고, 캐비테이션에 의한 선박추진기의 성능저하 특성 및 모형시험 기법을 이용한 캐비테이션 성능해석법을 소개하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2004

다양한 처리능력을 가진 단말기들은 복잡한 네트워크, 환경의 호환성을 제공하기 위해서, 전송 네트워크 채널이 허용하는 범위내로 부호화 된 비디오의 비트 율을 적응적으로 맞춰 주어야 한다 트랜스코더는 특정 비트율로 부호화되어 있는 비디오를 원하는 비트율의 다시 변환하기 위해서 복호화 만 후 다시 부호와의 과정을 거쳐야 하기 때문에 이에 따른 계산량의 증가와 더불어 전송시간에 문제가 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위한 한 가지 방법으로 제안된 것이 프레임 건너뜀 기법 즉 시간적 해상도 변환 트랜스코딩이다. 비디오를 부호화하는 과정에서 계산량을 가장 많이 차지하는 움직임 추정과정의 계산량을 줄임으로써 트랜스코딩을 수행하는데 소모되는 시간과 노력을 크게 줄이고, 건너뛰지 않고 남아있는 프레임에 더 많은 비트를 할당하여 요구되는 화질을 유지할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 움직임 벡터의 방향성을 고려한 움직임 벡터 재추정 기법과 정제 기법을 제안한다 제안된 기법인 E-FDVS(Efficient-Forward Dominant Vector Selection)는 움직임 벡터의 방향성을 고려하여 매크로블록과 움직임 벡터의 차이를 이용하여 움직임 벡터를 재추정한다. 그리고 제안한 기법인 DOS(Direction Oriented Search)를 사용하여 재추정 된 움직임 벡터의 방향으로 강한 움직임 벡터 정제를 함으로써 기존의 기법에 비해 우수한 화질을 제공한다.