• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

Eighteen cultivars of tomato were tested for their regeneration response. Lycopersicon esculentum cv. 2001-58 showed a very high frequency of regeneration (93%). We evaluated the effect of two compounds with known antioxidant activity (ascorbic acid and cystein). The use of ascorbic acid ($200\;-\;300\;{\mu}M/L$) has a positive effect on shoot regeneration. To develope a system for plastid transformation in tomato via homologous recombination, we constructed the tomato plastid expression vector (pKRT22-AG) harboring 2.2 kb flanking sequences cloned from intact plastid genome and gfp gene. To investigate the factors affecting the delivery system of the pKRT22-AG into chloroplast using bombardment, We assessed the optimal DNA concentration, gold particle volume and target distance. Expression of the GFP protein was observed within chloroplast on protoplast of cotyledon explant by confocal laser scanning microscopy, which indicates that the protocol developed in this study be useful for the production of plastid transgenic plants in tomato.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2012

금속 실리사이드는 낮은 비저항, 실리콘과의 좋은 호환성 등으로 배선 contact 물질로 널리 연구되고 있다. 특히 $CoSi_2$는 선폭의 축소와 관계없이 일정하고 낮은 비저항과 열적 안정성이 우수한 특성 등으로 배선 contact 물질로 활발히 연구되고 있다. 금속 실리사이드를 실리콘 평면기판에 형성시키는 방법으로는 열처리를 통한 금속박막과 실리콘 기판 사이에 확산작용을 이용한 SALICIDE (self-algined silicide) 기술이 대표적이며 CoSi2도 이와 같은 방법으로 형성할 수 있다. Co 박막을 증착하는 방법에는 물리적 기상증착법 (PVD)과 유기금속 화학 증착법 등이 보고되어있지만 최근 급격하게 진행 중인 소자구조의 나노화 및 고 단차화에 따라 기존의 증착 기술은 낮은 단차 피복성으로 인하여 한계에 부딪힐 것으로 예상되고 있다. ALD(atomic layer deposition)는 뛰어난 단차 피복성을 가지고 원자단위 두께조절이 용이하여 나노 영역에서의 증착 방법으로 지대한 관심을 받고 있다. 앞선 연구에서 본 연구진은 CoCp2 전구체과 $NH_3$ plasma를 사용하여 Plasma enhanced ALD (PE-ALD)를 이용한 고 순도 저 저항 Co 박막 증착 공정을 개발 하고 이를 SALICIDE 공정에 적용하여 $CoSi_2$ 형성 연구를 보고한 바 있다. 하지만 이 연구에서 PE-ALD Co 박막은 플라즈마 고유의 성질로 인하여 단차 피복성의 한계를 보였다. 이번 연구에서 본 연구진은 Co(AMD)2 전구체와 $NH_3$, $H_2$, $NH_3$ plasma를 반응 기체로 사용하여 Thermal ALD(Th-ALD) Co 및 PE-ALD Co 박막을 증착 하였다. 고 단차 Co 박막의 증착을 위하여 Th-ALD 공정에 초점을 맞추어 Co 박막의 특성을 분석하였으며, Th-ALD 및 PE-ALD 공정으로 증착된 Co 박막의 단차를 비교하였다. 연구 결과 Th-ALD Co 박막은 95% 이상의 높은 단차 피복성을 가져 PE-ALD Co 박막의 단차 피복성에 비해 크게 향상되었음을 확인하였다. 추가적으로, Th-ALD Co 박막에 고 단차 박막의 증착이 가능한 Th-ALD Ru을 capping layer로 이용하여 CoSi2 형성을 확인하였고, 기존의 PVD Ti capping layer와 비교하였다. 이번 연구에서 Co 박막 및 $CoSi_2$ 의 특성 분석을 위하여 X선 반사율 분석법 (XRR), X선 광전자 분광법 (XPS), X선 회절 분석법 (XRD), 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM), 주사 투과 전자 현미경 (STEM) 등을 사용하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

The Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) is one of the recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Since the development of HSA, it has been applied by many researchers from various fields. The increasing complexity of problems has created enormous challenges for the current technique, and improved techniques of optimization algorithms are required. In this study, to improve the HSA in terms of a structural setting, a new HSA that has structural characteristics, called the Multi-layered Harmony Search Algorithm (MLHSA) was proposed. In this new method, the structural characteristics were added to HSA to improve the exploration and exploitation capability. In addition, the MLHSA was applied to optimization problems, including unconstrained benchmark functions and water distribution system pipe diameter design problems to verify the efficiency and applicability of the proposed algorithm. The results revealed the strength of MLHSA and its competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.567-572
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• 2016

Many studies have been performed since the introduction of GPS in Korea. As a result, positioning using GNSS was fully proposed. On the other hand, most of these studies focused on accuracy but analytical studies on the GNSS status and the national GNSS infrastructure of Korea are lacking. In this study, the status of multi-constellation GNSS and National Geographic Information Institute's CORS (Continuous Operating Reference Station) were identified for the benefit and direction of GNSS infrastructure enhancement. As a result, it has been operating Multi-constellation GNSS, such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, COMPASS, and QZSS for surveying. In addition, improvement was presented by the number of satellites, precision, PDOP, etc. through the experiment about VRS and RTK using Multi-constellation GNSS. Upgrading the infrastructure for satellite surveying was identified as a priority consideration. In the future, if a Multi-constellation GNSS service is possible in VRS service, the satisfaction of public administration service will improve, which will contribute greatly to the advancement of a surveying infrastructure.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.896-914
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• 2006

Product line engineering (PLE) is one of the most recent and emerging reuse approaches in software engineering. Core asset, which is a reusable unit of PLE, is shared by several members in a product line (PL). So, developing a well-defined core asset is a prerequisite to increase productivity and time-to-market. Existing PLE methodologies emphasize the importance of core asset but mainly focus on analyzing core asset. And, several processes for designing core asset do not fully cover all elements of core asset which is from product line architecture (PLA) to decision model and need to augment systematic process, detailed instructions, and templates of artifacts. These problems result in difficulty with designing core asset and applying PLE. In this paper, we present an overall process and templates of artifacts to design core assets. And, we apply proposed process to a case study in order to show its applicability. With the proposed process, detailed instructions, and templates of artifacts, we believe that we can more systematically and more easily design high-quality core assets and we fully cover product line architecture, component, and decision model when designing a core asset.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2013

A microorganism (strain AR1) producing an extracellular lipolytic enzyme was isolated from hot springs located in Beppu, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical studies indicated that AR1 belongs to the genus Geobacillus. This study focused on novel strategies to increase extracellular lipolytic enzyme production by this novel Geobacillus sp. AR1. Cultures of the AR1 strain grew within a wide temperature range (from 35 to $75^{\circ}C$); the optimum temperature was $65^{\circ}C$. The pH for optimal growth was 6.5, whereas the optimum pH for lipolytic enzyme production was 8.5. The presence of oils in the culture medium led to improvements in lipolytic enzyme activity. Soybean oil was the most efficient inducer, and it yielded better results when added in the exponential phase. On the other hand, the addition of chemical surfactants led to lipolytic enzyme production. Their addition to the culture could affect the location of the enzyme activity. The addition of Tween 20 in the stationary phase significantly increased the proportion of the extracellular enzyme activity. According to the results, following the addition of soybean oil and Tween 20 in the exponential and stationary phases, the extracellular lipolytic activity was increased 2.4-fold compared with that of a control.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.239-248
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• 2018

Many new technologies are studied with the arrival of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, emotional intelligence is one of the popular issues. Researchers are focused on emotional analysis studies for music services, based on artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. However, they do not consider how we recommend proper music according to the specific emotion of the user. This is the practical issue for music-related IoT applications. Thus, in this paper, we propose an probability-based music emotion classification technique that makes it possible to classify music with high precision based on the range of emotion, when developing music related services. For user emotion recognition, one of the popular emotional model, Russell model, is referenced. For the features of music, the average amplitude, peak-average, the number of wavelength, average wavelength, and beats per minute were extracted. Multiple regressions were derived using regression analysis based on the collected data, and probability-based emotion classification was carried out. In our 2 different experiments, the emotion matching rate shows 70.94% and 86.21% by the proposed technique, and 66.83% and 76.85% by the survey participants. From the experiment, the proposed technique generates improved results for music classification.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.75-85
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• 2008

The construction industry has been leading the growth of the nation's economy not only by providing with various infrastructure projects but also by positively impaction related industries such as crating numerous job opportunities. Relevant statistics show the production amount of construction taking about 17.5% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). In spite of its positive impacts on the economy, image of Korea construction industry is generally reflected as negative mainly because of its environmental disruption, low payment, bribe, fraudulent work and inefficiency. It brings students to be reluctant choosing the construction industry as their carrier path and governmental and principal research status. Therefore it has been difficult to recruit highly qualitied human resources to the industry while the morale of the whole industry has gradually become demoralized. To improve this stand, many domestic researchers carried out research projects for improving the image of Korea Construction Industry. This study also sympathizes with necessity of improving the negative image of construction industry to remain as one of the leading industry in the 21st century. Especially, this study focused on finding important factors which have significant influences on the image of the industry. Through out the research, image influence factors was identified by rigorous literature review and interviews as industrial and academic experts. Factors, then, categorized and used as the main framework for the survey which designed to fine the degree of impacts on the image of the construction industry. In analyzing the survey results, various statistical techniques was employed including factor analysis, Chi-Square-Test, Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression. Identified as the most influent factors to the image of the construction industry include morale of construction employee, and prospects the industry which of the judgement by payment, impacts on nation's economy, future of the industry, etc.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2020

Family companies are the unique industry-academic cooperation-related systems of Korean universities created by universities to promote various forms of industry-academic cooperation with companies. It is important to figure out the current status of family companies in order to understand the achievements of industrial-academic cooperation projects that have been actively pursued since the early 2000s. A lot of studies on industry-academic cooperation have focused mainly on the university's position. On the contrary, this study focuses on understanding the current status of the family company system and the status of industry-academic cooperation. Introduced in 2004, the Family Company System expanded rapidly as it was used as a performance indicator for college financial support projects related to industry-academic cooperation, with 174,425 companies registered as family companies as of 2017. A survey of family companies registered in universities carrying out the LINC+ project shows that companies registered in multiple universities are increasing, with relatively high demand and satisfaction for industry-academic cooperation among companies. Family companies were found to be relatively satisfied in terms of the use of R&D equipment or joint research, while they were relatively less satisfied in terms of workforce training and retraining. While companies have assessed product quality improvements through industry-academic cooperation, they have underestimated the effect of increasing sales and reducing production costs. Further, it was found that it was urgent to expand incentive systems and improve online information services to boost corporate participation in order to enhance the effectiveness of industry-academic cooperation.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.133-139
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions and tasks of lifelong education for individuals with disabilities, including the necessity of lifelong education and the range and content of it for the disabled. The research method is a focus group interview with 4 managers of lifelong education institutions for the disabled, and the data were analyzed according to the process of thematic analysis method proposed by Braun and Clarke(2006), which is one of qualitative data analysis methods. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the lifelong education for the disabled is needed, because, unlike the non-disabled, the disabled are less able to recognize and respond to social changes, which requires equipment or convenience facilities to improve it. Second, the range of lifelong education for the disabled was suggested as social life including daily life, vocational ability development education, culture·art·physical training, and those required by individuals with disabilities. Third, the lifelong education institutions for the disabled are lack of experts and have difficulty in communicating between practitioners and the disabled. In conclusion, it is required to provide lifelong education by self-determination of the disabled in the community by priority.