• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2009

Hoein Hyanggyo is a confucian shrine at Hoein, Boeungun, Chungbuk, Korea. Using tree rings, we dated its lecture hall, Myengryundang which is a two-storied wooden structure with half-gabled and half-hipped roof. The woods of Myengryundang consisted mainly of lard pine (probably, Pinus densiflora). We collected 27 samples (4 columns, 2 beams, 5 purlins, 4 capitals, 8 floor frames/boards and 4 others). The results indicated that the major cutting year was A.D. 1702. This date helped to correct the miswritten Chinese-calender date which was recorded in the document for the framework-raising ceremony.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.5
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• pp.1-30
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• 1978

The libraries of the various learning institutes in the Yi Dynasty may be categorized into four types: 1) The Hyang-Gyo library(the public school libraries in rural districts) 2) The Sabu-Hankdang library (the public school libraries in the Capital) 3) The $S\bar{o}w\bar{o}n$ library (the libraries of private learning institutes) 4) The $Jyon-Gy\bar{o}ng-Gak$ library (the library of the Sung Kyun Kwan which was the highest learning institute in the Yi Dynasty) For the historical study of Korean libraries as well as its education and culture the Hyang-Gyo libraries hold an very important position, but undeservedly its study has been neglected. In this paper, the writer made an effort to grasp the various function of the Hyang-Gyo libraries with its historical background.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.162-181
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of both exotic and naturalized plants in the designated Cultural Preservation Area located in Seongju-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do in order to identify traditional cultural places and to provide basic information to prepare a conservation strategy. The vascular plant species was identified as having 114 taxa: 50 families, 93 genera, 94 species, 16 varieties and 4 forms in King Sejong's Prince Taesil. Among them are 15 taxa of the exotic plant species and 16 taxa of naturalized plant species, which resulted in 14.04% of the Naturalization Rate and 5.90% of the Urbanization Index. The vascular plant species was identified as 68 taxa: 40 families, 64 genus, 57 species, 8 varieties and 4 forms in the Seongju Hyanggyo. Among them, the exotic plants recorded 17 taxa with 30 taxa of naturalized plants. The Naturalization Rate was 44.12% and Urbanization Index was 11.07%. The Seongbaksup, which was a grove outside of the Seongju Fortress recorded 61 taxa: 34 families, 58 genera, 55 species, 5 varieties and 1 form. Among them, the exotic plant species consisted of 10 taxa with 17 taxa of naturalized plants, with a 27.87% Naturalization Rate and a 6.27% Urbanization Index. The vascular plant species was recorded as 230 taxa: 92 families, 183 genus, 182 species, 1 subspecies, 32 varieties and 14 forms in Hangae Village. Among them, exotic plants consist of 28 taxa with 85 naturalized plant species, with a Naturalization Rate of 37.12% and Urbanization Index of 31.37%. The vascular plant species in the Seongsan Ancient Tomb is recorded as having 131 taxa: 55 families, 107 genus, 106 species 19 varieties and 6 forms. Among them, exotic plants consist of 18 classifications, and naturalized plants consist of 22 classifications with a Naturalization Rate of 16.79% and an Urbanization Index of 8.12%. The Seongju Hangyo recorded the highest Naturalization Rate among all surveyed sites in Hangae Village. All five of these surveyed sites will require a management plan to eradicate both exotic and naturalized plant species. Hangae Village especially needs to prepare a management plan. The invasion of ragweed in Seongju Hanggyo and Hangae Village, which is one of the most invasive plant species to disturb the ecosystem, is in need of management to eradicate it.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 2016

The present study investigates the realization of tourism culture welfare by using Confucian heritage. From June 13 to November 7, 2014, site surveys and interviews were conducted for hyanggo (hyanggo: Confucian temple and school to teach students in Joseon Dynasty period), seowon (seowon: a memorial hall for Confucianist services to honor distinguished scholars and statesmen) and nujung (nujung: outdoor pavilion or gazebo) located in Youngwol -gun. Questionnaire pertaining to site survey and in-depth interviews for the building owners and managers was used to collect necessary data and scientific investigation was performed for analysis. As a result, the historical background was found to be culturally valuable asset for both region's tourism and culture welfare. Secondly, hyanggyo and seowon were found to exhibit traditional Confucius cultural form, while nujung exhibited a rare architectural trait. Hence it seems necessary to develop a different social tourism resource specialized for nujung. Thirdly, the rendering of Confucius heritages to tourism culture welfare resources thus far seems to be insufficient; hence, development and operation of marketing programs will be necessary. The implications of the present study require succession and modern reinterpretation of Confucian heritages for further development into digital tourism that will encompass Confucian culture and today's culture. Furthermore, studies of the tourism culture welfare policies that will promote the co-existence with the region will be needed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.7-19
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• 2010

'Lu' is one of the Korean traditional building structure. The architectural characteristics of the 'Lu' can be classified two types with its use. One is single building type and the other is a part of building type within building complex. This study is about the two-storied 'Lu' that was built on part of building complex. 'Lu' built in building complex such like Sa-chal, Hyang-gyo, Seo-won, Jae-sil, has the similar characters. 1. It is built by taking slope site. 2. Ii is one of four buildings that forms court yard. 3. It uses simple building structure on the purpose of openness 4. It can control view with using window. The column type of 'Lu' can be classified with 3 style. These are $5{\times}2$ Kan style, $3{\times}2$ Kan style and $5{\times}3$ Kan style. It would be assumed with the result of study that $5{\times}2$ Kan style has its origin in Hoe-Rang structure, $3{\times}2$ Kan style is originated from Joong-Moon(middle gate) structure, and $5{\times}3$ Kan is originated from Kang-Dang structure.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.365-385
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• 2012

The Naesabones(內賜本) are the books awarded to the organizations and the individuals by the Kings of Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty. The organizations include the history archives[史庫], the government offices[官廳], the private academies[書院] and the county public schools[鄕校]. The individuals include the royal family members and the members of the cabinet. In Joseon Dynasty, the books were distributed to the government offices, the members of the cabinet, and the people who participated in printing that book. Also after the official ceremonies, the books were given as the rewards. The purpose of this study is to examine the bibliographical features of the naesabones - especially awarded to the individuals - now in Kyujanggak.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformation of openings installed on the partition wall between Daechung and Bang, through the case study on MyungRyunDangs of 19 HangGyos in Kyungbuk province. The way to carry out this study was to look through existing situations and to find out transformed traces of the openings in terms of their locations on several floor types. The transformation of the openings was analyzed chronologically into two cases of 'before 18C' and 'after 18C'. i) Before 18C ; the early type had double swing window on the front column spacing and single swing door on the rear, and the later type had swing door on the front column spacing and on openings on the rear. ii) After 18C; the earlist type was the same as the later type of 'before 18C', the next type had swing doors on both the front and the rear column spacing, and the last type had Sabunhap-swing door on the column spacing, iii) Through those transformations, the windows gradually replaced by the doors in the openings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.241-260
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• 1998

1. Both the festival held in Confucian temple to honor Confucius or a religious ceremony in Korean traditional lecture-hall are the sacrificial rituals which is the mark of the respect for prescholars and these rituals has been followed the rules written in the book,'Yaegi' 2. For the Food formal display for the festival in Confusian temple of Chinese Gukjagam, Pebak(clothes), Mohyul(hair and blood), and the ritual food dishes, such as Byun 10, Doo 10, Gang 3 (Deung 1, Hyung 2), Bo 2, Cue 2, Jo 3 (Taeraeu as beef dish 1, Soraeu as sheep and pork dishes 2), Joo(alcohol) 3 were displayed, while in Juhyunhak, Byun 8, Doo 8 were displayed. In Taesangji edited around in 1873 in Korea, for the Confucian shrine Pebak, Mohyul, Byun 10, Doo 10, Deung 3, Hyung 3, Bo 2, Cue 2, Jo 6 (raw 3, cooked 3), Joo 3 were displayed. In pedantry Confucian temple, Pebak, Byun 8, Doo 8, Bo 2, Cue 2, Jo 2 (raw sheep and pork), Joo 3 were displayed while Mohyul was omitted, which this type of display was almost identical through the nationwide survery for the Confucian food display. Some of the Confucian food display, most of the display for Bo and Cue have been changed to Bo 1 and Cue 1, and one fifth of the Confucian display for Byun and Doo also has been changed in the numbers and food varieties. 3. In most of the sacrificial ritual food display in the Korean traditional lecture-hall, Pebak (some not applicable), Byun 4, Doo 4, Bo 1, Cue 1, Jo 1 (raw), Joo 1 were displayed. In these days, the number of the Confucian temple where the sacrificial rituals is not held, has been increased. 4. For the names of food for the Byun and Doo dishes, mostly the old names are used, however, minor changes in materials and cooking method have been found.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 2011

Wood products are sometimes infested with cossonid weevils. A cossonid weevil, Hexarthrum brevicorne Wollaston has been found on wood boards used for printing books in the Jeonju Confucian temple and school (2004), a wood cabinet in the Museum of Milyang (2007), a wood wardrobe in the Museum of Seoul (2008) and on wood boards used for printing Buddhist scriptures in the temple of Suncheon (2008). Wood utensils for living in the Museum of Seoul were found to be infested with another cossonid weevil, Rhyncolus sculpturatus (Waltl) in 2008. To protect the cultural property from insect pests in the field of conservation science, more comprehensive insect pest management (IPM) programs are required.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

This research is to collect, classify and identify the insects boring tunnels into wood or damaging wooden frame structure. Intensive insect collections have been carried at the historical local schools annexed to the confucian shrine from March to September 2001. Ten species of Coleoptera, 15 species of Hymenoptera, 6 species of Hemiptera, 4 species of Ditera and 1 species of Demaptera were recorded. Most species of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera have the manducatory apparatus in the mouth-part that cause severe damage in wood, and showed the highest population among the genera recorded. Further research should be considered on the identification of wood demage insects at the species level among present collection and their mechanism of wood demage in the wood.