• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different ratios of horse meat and pork (horse meat: pork=0:100, 50:50, 100:0) on the quality and sensory characteristics of press hams. Press ham containing 100% horse meat had a higher moisture content (%) and lower fat content (%) than the other hams (p<0.05). The redness (hunter a value) and yellowness (hunter b value) were significantly higher in press ham containing 100% horse meat, whereas the lightness (hunter L value) was significantly lower than other hams (p<0.05). With regard to textural properties, press ham containing 100% horse meat had significantly higher springiness, but there were no significant differences among the ham products in regard to hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness (p>0.05). The results of sensory tests showed that press ham containing 100% horse meat had significantly lower color and acceptability scores compared to other hams (p<0.05). With regard to mineral contents, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn were significantly higher in press ham containing 100% horse meat (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.301-309
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• 1996

햄 통조림의 최적 가열살균조건을 설정하기 위하여 한국냉장(주)에서 생산, 판매하고 있는 350g들이 숄더 햄 통조림을 대상으로 105, 110 및 115$^{\circ}C$에서 $F_{0}$-값을 달리하며, 미생물학적 안전성과 제품의 품질을 검토하였다. $F_{0}$-값 4.24분 미만의 조건에서 살균한 제품에서는 살균 후 미생물이 검출되었다. $F_{0}$-값 4.24분 이상의 조건에서 살균한 햄에서는 $F_{0}$-값이 커지더라도 살균중에 pH, POV 및 TBA-가가 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으며, $NH_{2}$-N함량만 미량 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 햄의 색조와 조직감면에서는 $F_{0}$-값 4.24~6.35분 정도로 열처리한 것이 품질이 가장 좋았다. 그러나 햄의 맛, 냄새, 색깔, 조직감 등을 동시에 종합적으로 평가하였을 때 11$0^{\circ}C$에서 $F_{0}$-값6분 정도가 제품의 품질면에서 가장 적절한 가열살균 조건인 것으로 가열살균한 후 15~5$0^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서 90일간 저장한 햄 통조림의 품질은 거의 변화가 없었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2006

본 연구는 저염 등심햄 제조시 필요한 식염의 적정첨가량을 결정하기 위해 실시하였다. 식염첨가량을 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%로 달리하여 염지액을 제조하였고, 제조된 등심햄의 이화학적, 조직학적 및 관능적 성상을 평가하였다. 제조한 등심햄의 pH,그리고 수분, 지방, 단백질 함량은 각각 $5.99{\sim}6.11$, $62.9{\sim}68.6$, $2.15{\sim}5.62$, $20.2{\sim}26.6$ 이었다. 반면에 식염 첨가량이 감소함에 따라 가열 감량은 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 등심햄에 첨가된 식염 함량이 0.5% 이하인 경우에 대조구보다 관능 평가 항목에서 전반적으로 더 낮은 값으로 평가되었다. 결론적으로 1.5%수준으로 식염이 첨가되어 제조된 등심햄과 유사한 품질 특성을 갖는 저염 등심햄을 개발하기 위해서는 최소한 1%의 식염 첨가가 바람직하다고 판단된다.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.221-227
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• 2006

본 연구는 경북에 소재한 식품회사인 S사의 햄 생산공정의 개선을 위하여 통계적 공정관리기법을 적용한 것이다. 햄의 중량은 햄의 품질에 대한 소비자의 신뢰와 기업의 수익성에 영향을 미치는 풍요한 요소이다. 연구의 목적은 햄 생산공정의 경제적 규격한계 확보를 통하여 기업의 이익을 극대화하는데 있나. 기본적인 통계적 공정관리 기법인 평균-범위 관리도, 공정능력분석, 측정시스템 평가분석 등을 이용하여 햄 공정을 분석하고, 최적 규격한계를 설정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2016

This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of chicken breast ham manufactured with broiler (BR), spent broiler breeder hen (SBBH), and spent laying hen (SLH). The water holding capacity and final yield of chicken breast ham manufactured with SLH was significantly lower than chicken breast ham manufactured with BR and SBBH (P<0.05). The lightness and redness of chicken breast ham manufactured with SBBH were significantly higher than those of chicken breast ham manufactured with SLH (P<0.05). The yellowness of chicken breast ham manufactured with BR and SLH was significantly higher than that of chicken breast ham manufactured with SBBH (P<0.05). The shear force of chicken breast ham manufactured with SLH was the highest. The tenderness and overall acceptability of chicken breast ham manufactured with BR and SBBH were significantly higher than those of chicken breast ham manufactured with SLH. Therefore, SBBH and SLH can lead to various textures of chicken breast hams.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.829-838
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• 2007

The effect of tumbling time(0, 1, and 2hr) on quality characteristics of cured-smoked pork retail cuts (Bolgi, Seolgit, Boseop, Dogani, Satae) of hind leg was investigated. Quality analyses indicated the retail cuts of pork hind leg are variable except for proximate composition. The Satae ham had the lowest (P<0.05) lightness (L) and highest redness (a). The Bolgi and Seolgit ham had higher hardness than the other hams. Tumbling time(0, 1, and 2hr) had no significant(P>0.05) effect on proximate composition, pH, color, texture properties, and sensory properties of ham. However tumbling decreased cooking loss for Satae ham tumbled for 2hr(P<0.05). Tumbling time was required for more than 2hr to improve quality and obtain maximum yield of retail cut hams. Further study is necessary to improve quality and obtain maximum yield of pork retail cuts of hind leg.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality attributes of cooked hams made with four hind leg muscles (Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, Rectus femoris, Gluteus medius) and Longissimus dorsi. Muscles were prepared from three market-weighted crossbreeds ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$) and the pH, proximate chemical composition, color, texture attributes, and sensory properties of cooked pork muscle hams were evaluated. In the raw state, no significant differences in pH were found among the five muscle hams. However, Rectus femoris ham had the highest pH, while Longissimus dorsi ham had the lowest pH (p<0.05). All muscle hams had similar moisture, fat, and ash contents. The protein content (%) was highest in Longissimus dorsi ham (p<0.05). The Hunter L value was highest for Longissimus dorsi ham while Rectus femoris and Gluteus medius hams had the lowest Hunter L values (p<0.05). The Hunter a values were similar in Rectus femoris, Biceps femoris, and Gluteus medius hams, and lowest for Longissimus dorsi ham (p<0.05). Texture attributes were not significantly different among the five muscle hams (p>0.05). The results of sensory evaluation showed that Semimembranosus hams had the highest flavor score, but there were no significant differences among five muscle hams with regard to color, taste, and texture (p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.201-206
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of addition mugwort podwer and carcass grade on the shelf life of pork ham. Pork ham was prepared by four type such as grade B pork ham ( $B_{o}$ ), grade B pork ham containing mugwort powder ( $B_{+}$), grade E pork ham ( $E_{o}$ ) and grade E pork ham containing mugwort powder ( $E_{+}$). The surface color, pH, residual nitrite, VBN (volatile basic nitrogen), TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and total bacterial counts of the samples were determined during storage for 8 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$. The $L^{*}$ value of $B_{o}$ and $B_{+}$ ham showed higher at the latter period of 8 weeks, that of $E_{o}$ ham was the highest on at the storage of 2nd week and that of $E_{+}$ ham was not different during 8 weeks storage. The $L^{*}$ value of B grade ham was higher than that of E grade ham and the $a^{*}$ value of E grade ham was higher than that of B grade ham. The pH of all ham decreased during storage, but increased from 8 weeks. The residual nitrite of all ham highly decreased until storage for 2 weeks, the addition of mugwort powder was affected in the reduction of residual nitrite of pork ham. The VBN contents were 6.90∼7.90 mg% in the early period of storage, was 14.07∼14.83 mg% on the storage of 8th week. The TBARS of pork ham were increased gradually during storage and pork ham containing mugwort powder showed lower value than pork ham non added mugwort powder during 4th and 6th weeks storage. The total bacterial counts of pork ham were increased gradually during storage and the addition of mugwort powder was not effective.ive.ctive.ive.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.400-405
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to study occurrence of N-nitrosamine (NA) and its precursors such as nitrate and nitrite. For the experimental samples, 26 kinds of commercial hams and 30 kinds of sausages produced in Korea were purchased. The nitrate and nitrite were positive in all of the collected samples; nitrate levels were by average 4.4~9.2 mg/kg and nitrite ones were by average 1.3~3.6 mg/kg. The contents of nitrate and nitrite were detected higher in sausage than in ham. Especially, nitrate contents were contained higher in lyoner sausage prepared with the mixture of meat and fish, while nitrite contents were contained higher in the meat only mixture. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) among the analyzed 7 kinds of NA was detected only in ham and sausage; its contents were outstanding in lyoner sausage which was prepared with only meat and pork sausage, and then regular ham was the next one in its order, but its contants were detected by average $<0.5\;\mu\textrm{g}/kg$ in press hams added vegetable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

본 연구는 식염첨가의 감소를 MTGase와 우유단백질을 첨가하여 보완하기 위하여 저지방 저염 재구성 햄을 제조하여 이화학적 및 조직학적 성상을 평가하였고, 1.5%의 식염이 첨가된 대조구와 기능성, 조직감 및 관능성을 비교하였다. 제조한 재구성 햄의 pH, 그리고 수분, 지방 및 단백질 함량은 각각 6.07-6.22, 68-72%, 2-5%, 18-22%였다. 색도와 보수력은MTGase와 우유단백질 첨가에 의해 영향 받지 않았다 (p>0.05). 반면에 가열감량은 식염첨가량과 우유단백질에 의해 차이를 보여 식염함량이 증가할수록 가열감량은 낮았고 카제인 염이 유청 단백질에 비하여 가열감량을 줄일 수 있었다 (p<0.05). 조직검사에서는 MTGase에 우유단백질 1%를 첨가한 처리구가 대조구에 비교한 결과, 경도를 제외한 조직검사에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 관능평가에서는 1.0% 식염에 0.3% MTGase와 1% 우유단백질을 첨가한 재구성 햄이 기능적에서 대조구와 유사하였다. 이러한 결과는 0.3% MTGase에 1% 우유단백질을 첨가하는 것이 식염감소에 의한 재구성 햄의 결점을 보완함을 시사하였고 카제인 염 단백질은 MTGase의 기질로써 유청 단백질보다 더 효율적이었다.