• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.50-61
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• 2019

The aspects of typhoon-induced surges were classified into three types at the Western coast, and their characteristics were examined. The typhoons OLGA (9907) and KOMPASU (1007) were the representative steep types. As they pass close to the coasts with fast translation velocity, the time of maximum surge is unrelated to tidal phase. However, typhoons PRAPIROON (0012) and BOLAVEN (1215) were the representative mild types, which pass at a long distance to the coasts with slow translation velocity, and were characterized by having maximum surge time is near low tide. Meanwhile, typhoons MUIFA (1109) and WINNIE (9713) can be classified into mild types, but they do not show the characteristics of the mild type. Thus they are classified into propagative type, which are propagated from the outside. Analyzing the annual highest high water level data, the highest water level ever had been recorded when the WINNIE (9713) had attacked. At that time, severe astronomical tide condition overlapped modest surge. Therefore, if severe astronomical tide encounter severe surge in the future, tremendous water level may be formed with very small probability. However, considering that most of the huge typhoons are mild type, time of maximum surge tends to occur at low tide. In case of estimating the extreme water level by a numerical simulation, it is necessary not only to apply various tide conditions and accompanying tide-modulated surge, but also to scrutinize typhoon parameters such as translation velocity and so on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

The storm surge is caused by an typhoons and it is not easy to predict the location, strength, route of the storm. Therefore, research using a scenario for storms occurrence has been conducted. In Korea, hazard maps for various scenarios were produced using the storm surge numerical simulation. Such a method has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to predict when other scenario occurs, and it is difficult to cope with in real time because the simulation time is long. In order to compensate for this, we developed a method to predict the storm surge damage by using research database. The risk grade prediction for the storm surge was performed predominantly in the study area of the East coast. In order to estimate the equation, COMSOL developed by COMSOL AB Corporation was utilized. Using some assumptions and limitations, the form of the basic equation was derived. the constants and coefficients in the equation were estimated by the trial and error method. Compared with the results, the spatial distribution of risk grade was similar except for the upper part of the map. In the case of the upper part of the map, it was shown that the resistance coefficient, k was calculated due to absence of elevation data. The SIND model is a method for real-time disaster prediction model and it is expected that it will be able to respond quickly to disasters caused by abnormal weather.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.18-20
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• 2012

인명 및 재산피해를 유발한 해안재해 유형을 발생원인에 따라 해역별로 구분하며, 대표적인 피해 사례 검토를 통해 해안재해관리의 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 더불어, 과거와 최근 발생한 해안재해에 따른 피해 경향을 분석하여 피해범위 및 시기, 해역별 영향을 파악하고, 이를 위한 저감대책 수립을 위한 연구사례 및 한계점을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.263-269
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• 2018

Changes in water depth caused by underwater earthquakes and landslides cause sea surface undulations, which in turn propagate to the coast and result in significant damage as wave heights normally increase due to the wave shoaling process. Various types of numerical models have been developed to simulate the generation and propagation of tsunami waves. Most of tsunami models determine the initial surface of the water based on the assumption that the movement of the seabed is immediately and identically transmitted to the sea surface. However, this approach does not take into account the characteristics of underwater earthquakes that occur with time history and spatial variation. Thus, such an incomplete description on the initial generation of tsunami waves is totally reflected in the error during the simulation. In this study, the analytical solution proposed by Hammack (1973) was applied in the tsunami model in order to simulate the generation of initial water surface elevation by the change of water depth with time history and its propagation. The developed solution is expected to identify the relationship among various type of seabed motions, initial surface undulations, and wave speeds of elevated water surfaces.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

This research was carried out to classify erosion shapes and sea-cliff erosion rates were estimated through periodic field survey in Dundu-ri, Anmyeondo. Based on the results of field measurements using the datum-point, the annual sea-cliff erosion rate was estimated about 25~102cm/yr by point. The erosion rate gradually increases from spring to summer, but tends to decrease slightly in autumn. Specifically, the erosion rate between June and July indicated a rather decreasing trend, but showed a sharp increase between July and September. This was attributed to erosion that proceeds more rapidly than during other periods due to severe rainstorms in summer that had a direct impact on the study area as well as storm surges caused by hurricanes. Afterwards, the sea-cliff erosion rate gradually decreased in autumn, but reflected an increasing trend again from December to January. This was attributed to the mechanical weathering that actively progresses as bed rocks on the sea-cliff undergo repeated freezing and thawing in winter. The seacliff in Dundu-ri is divided into three types according to the erosion shape. First, Type A is observed in the sea-cliff composed of the same bed rocks and hard rock stratum. Second, Type B is found in the sea-cliff with a relatively gentler slope compared to Type A, since weathering material including soil is formed on the surface of the sea-cliff consisting of the same bed rocks and hard rock stratum. Lastly, Type C is observed in the sea-cliff where hard rock stratum is mixed with soft rock stratum. In this case, the soft rock stratum slumps and erodes first by precipitation and wave energy, followed by additional slumping of the exposed hard rock stratum.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2003

The present study examined the inquiry type, process, and context of activities presented in the matter field of the 7th grade science textbook based on the 7th curriculum. It was to investigate for educational suggestions in instruction and development of science textbook. Three units of ‘three states of matter', ‘motion of molecule', ‘the state change and energy' were analyzed. The result indicated that the types, processes and skills, and context of inquiry were not balanced, and learners should be educated with complementary inquiry activities. It is proposed that the inquiry activities presented in science textbooks be examined, and the framework to evaluate inquiry activities be reflected on the standard of science textbook authorization for development of the science textbook to accord with aims and objectives of curriculum.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 기후변화에 의한 자연재해 취약성을 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 기상인자와 재해발생으로 인한 피해액의 상관관계를 이용하였다. 재해로 인한 피해액은 1994년부터 2008년까지 15년간 전국 시군별로 피해액을 집계한 자료를 이용하였으며, 우리나라 58개 강우관측소의 일강수량 자료를 이용하여 재해에 영향을 줄 수 있는 네 가지 인자를 추출하였고, 연도별 태풍 발생 횟수도 하나의 기상인자로 고려하였다. 피해액의 규모는 가뭄, 화재, 태풍 및 해일 등 재해발생 유형에 따라서도 영향을 받겠지만, 기후변화 시나리오에 의해 예측할 수 있는 대표적인 미래 추정값은 강수량과 온도 등이며, 결국 재해발생 유형별 시나리오에 의한 재해규모 예측이 아닌 기후변화 시나리오에 의한 미래 재해발생 규모 모형을 구축하기 위해서는 관련 인자로서 강수량으로부터 추출한 인자들을 고려할 수밖에 없을 것이다. 일강수량으로부터 추출한 네 가지 영향인자들은 80mm이상 일강수량 발생일수, 80mm이상 일강수량의 합, 80mm이상 강우의 발생 간격이 30일 이하인 횟수 및 연최대강수량이다. 우선 광역시와 도별로 전국 58개 관측소를 분류하고, 해당 관측소들로부터 추출된 인자들의 평균값을 이용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 미래 강수량 자료는 국립기상연구소의 A2시나리오를 통계학적 Downscaling을 통해 재생산한 자료를 이용하였다. 예측모형은 Bayesian 모형을 기반으로 DEXP(double exponential distribution) 확률분포를 이용하였다. 재해피해액 를 아래와 같이 비정상성 모형으로 구성하였으며, 위치매개 변수의 확률분포를 네 가지 기상인자에 의한 회귀식으로 구성하였다. Y damage costs) = dexp(${\mu}(t),\tau(t)$) $p({\mu}(t))\sim(abs({\alpha}+{\alpha}_1X_1+{\alpha}_2X_2+{\alpha}_3X_3+{\alpha}_4X_4,\;\sigma_{\alpha}^2)$ $p(\tau){\sim}G(k,s)$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2020

기후변화로 인해 다양한 재난이 복합적으로 발생하고 있으며, 특히 해안과 인접해 있는 지역은 풍랑, 지진해일 등으로 인해 다양한 위험에 노출되어 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 각 지자체는 자연재해대책법에 의거하여 자연재해저감종합계획을 수립하고 저감대책을 마련하고 있으나, 수립 절차에 따른 비용과 시간이 많이 소요되고 있다. 따라서 위험지역의 지리적·사회적 조건을 고려한 맞춤형 재해예방기법 도출방안이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 과거 피해이력과 침수예상도 정보가 반영된 위험성평가 지도를 활용하여 위험지역 유형을 4단계(관심, 주의, 경계, 위험)로 구분하고, 단계별 구조물적 대책과 비구조물 대책의 적용방안을 제시하였으며, 구조물적 대책과 비구조물적 대책의 도출에는 지역맞춤형 요소와 특성요소를 활용하였다. 지역맞춤형 요소는 자연인자, 재해영향인자, 재해원인인자, 지형인자, 사회인자로 구분하였으며, 각 인자별로 세부인자를 선택하여 논리연산에 따라 재해예방기법을 도출하였다. 특성요소는 효율성, 시공성, 공공성으로 구분하였고, 각 구분별 세부요소를 평가하여 재해예방기법의 우선순위를 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 해안가 복합재난이 예상되는 지역을 대상으로 지역맞춤형 재해예방기법을 도출할 수 있을 것이며, 자연재해저감종합계획 수립 시에도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.908-921
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• 2022

Purpose: As the connection between physical and non-physical structures in cities is expanding and becoming more complex, the risk of complex disaster which causes damage in a complex way is increasing. Preparing for these complex disasters, it is important to preemptively identify and manage disasters that can develop into complex disasters. Therefore, this study analyzes the disaster types studied as complex disasters by analyzing the trends of domestic and international studies related to complex disasters, and presents the direction of complex disaster management in the future. Method: We first established co-occurrence networks between disaster types based on 993 articles related to complex disasters published in disaster-related journals for the last 20 years (2002-2021). Then, through network analysis, domestic and international complex disaster research trends were compared and analyzed. Result: Research on complex disasters related to storm and flood damage, infrastructure failure and fire was high in domestic studies, and it was analyzed that research on complex disasters related to earthquakes and landslides has recently increased. However, in international studies, the proportion of studies on infrastructure failure along with storm and flood damage and earthquake was high, and various types of disasters such as tsunami and drought appeared. Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to increase the understanding of the trends in complex disaster research and provide suggestions of domestic complex disaster research in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.429-429
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• 2011

우리나라는 연중 강우량의 계절적 편중이 심하여 약 2/3이 6월-9월에 집중하는 기상학적 요인과, 국토의 약 70%가 산악지역으로 되어있는 지형학적 요인 등 홍수에 취약한 자연특성을 갖고 있으며, 특히 하천, 도시 저지대, 해안 및 산지에서는 홍수범람, 내부배제 불량, 해일, 산사태 등으로 매년 많은 인명피해와 재산상의 손실이 크게 발생하고 있다. 또한 최근 발생하고 있는 이상기후 현상과 각종 개발사업으로 인한 불투수면적의 증가 등으로 인해서 극한 홍수의 발생빈도가 높아가고 있으나, 기존 수방시설물의 홍수배제능력 부족 등으로 매년 많은 피해를 입고 있는 실정으로, 구조적인 대책만으로는 재해피해를 경감시키는데 한계가 있음을 인식하여 구조적 대책과 더불어 토지이용규제 및 개발규제, 홍수터관리, 홍수예경보 등 비구조적 재해대 비능력 향상이 시급한 현황이다. 우리나라의 경우, 구조적 수방기술의 발전은 비교적 높은 수준에 도달해 있지만, 구조적 대책에 비해 비구조적 대책의 개발 및 적용은 미흡한 형편이므로, 비구조적 홍수대책의 종합적 정비 및 효율적 운영방법 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 홍수유형별 발생원인별 대표적인 비구조적 홍수대책을 국내외 적용사례를 조사하여 분석하고, 비구조적인 홍수방어대책들에 대한 장단점 및 적용성 등의 정성적 평가를 실시하였다. 국내 여건에 적합한 홍수위험구역 설정방안을 제시하고자, 국내의 다양한 하천공간 확보를 위한 관련규정인 하천구역, 홍수관리구역, 수변구역, 상수원보호구역, 친수구역, 홍수위험구역, 자연재해위험지구, 방재지구 등에 대하여 조사하였으며, 국외 사례로 영국의 홍수위험구역 평가제도, 미국의 홍수터 관리 프로그램, 호주의 하천공간 분류 기준, 일본의 하천공간 설정 기준 등에 대한 고찰을 수행하였다. 또한 국내 홍수보험 제도의 문제점 분석 및 제고방안을 제시하고자, 현재 소방방재청 주관으로 시행되고 있는 풍수해보험제도에 대한 조사 및 분석을 실시하였으며, 미국에서 시행되고 있는 국가홍수보험프로그램, 프랑스의 자연재해보험, 스위스의 자연재해보험풀 제도, 일본의 홍수보험제도에 대하여 심층적인 고찰을 수행하였다.