• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2002

요즘 측량분야에서 Geomatics 또는 Geoinformatics라는 새로운 용어가 대두되고 있다. 해외의 유수 기관 및 대학교에서도 측량이라는 학과명 또는 기관명을 Geomatics라는 용어로 교체하고 있으며, 이는 측량분야의 다양화와 학제간 연구수행의 필요성을 반영하는 것이다. 최근 45로 일컬어지는 GPS, 원격탐사(RS), GIS, ITS의 경우 각기 독자적인 영역을 구축하기보다는 상호 보완적인 역할을 하며 통합되어 가는 추세이다. 1950년대에 기본적인 위성관측기술 및 계산 기술의 개발을 시작으로 1980년대에 이르러서는 위성 기술은 측지학 및 측량 분야에 적용되기 시작했다. 그 대표적인 것이 GPS(Global Positioning System)로 기존의 천체측정학 방식을 대체하는 유용한 위치결정 수단으로 사용되기 시작했다. DNSS로부터 시작된 GPS는 측지 측량분야, 지구물리학분야, 항법 및 교통, GIS Mapping, 기상 및 해양, 재난 및 레저, 인공위성 궤도결정 등 다양한 분야에 적용되었으며, 특히 2000년 5월 1일 SA가 해제되면서 그 활용도는 더욱 증가하고 있다. 위성원격탐사의 경우 초창기에 중ㆍ저해상도의 다중분광영상에서 시작하여 그 해상도가 꾸준히 향상되어 오늘날 0.61 미터급 고해상도 위성인 QuickBird 위성이 발사되어 운용 중에 있다. 위성영상의 공간해상도, 분광해상도, 방사해상도는 향후 계속 향상될 것이며 이에 따른 방대한 데이터의 처리 문제 및 하드웨어/소프트웨어 지원에 대한 연구가 수반되어야 할 것이다. GPS 및 원격탐사(RS)는 더 이상 독자적인 영역으로서가 아니라 Geomatics를 이루는 중요한 분야로서 타 시스템과의 보완적인 관계로서 통합되어 나갈 것이다. 이를 위해서는 공간정보에 대한 표준화 및 데이터 처리, 통합, 시스템 구축을 위한 기술적 연구가 계속 진행되어야 할 것이다.분 공부상면적보다 늘어났다. 2. 좌표의 이동량이 일률적이지 못하므로 기초점에 대한 문제라고 생각되며, 따라서 도해지적을 수치지적으로 전환함에 있어서 가장 우선되어야 할 사항이 기초점 정비라 하겠다.승이 뚜렷하였다. 따라서 비파 착즙액 첨가 기능성 yoghurt 제조시 비파 착즙액을 10% 첨가하여 혼합 starter로 Str. thermophilus와 Lac. acidophilus 혼합균주를 사용하는 것이 이들 유산균의 증식에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.타났다..297, 0.293, 0.205에서 50일 경과 후 0.612, 0.472, 0.898로 비살균에서 높은 값을 보였다. 따라서 비살균의 경우 저장말기에 TBA값이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 5. L값은 살균처리의 경우 저장 30일 이후 약간 어두워지는 경향을 보였고, 121$^{\circ}C$ 살균처리에서 높은 값을 보였다. 대체로 저장온도가 높고 저장기간이 길어질수록 약간 밝아지는 경향을 보였다. 적색도는 인삼 첨가구의 경우 상온 및 냉장저장에서 10$0^{\circ}C$ 살균이 121$^{\circ}C$ 처리구 보다 약간 높은 값을 보였다. 저장기간에 따른 적색도의 변화는 인삼과 송이 첨가구에서 비교적 안정적이었다. 황색도는 상온 및 냉장저장에서 저장기간에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향을 보인 후 상온저장 50일 째, 냉장 60일 째 가장 높게 나타났다. 121$^{\circ}C$ 살균처리구가 10$0^{\circ}C$ 처리구보다 약간 높은 경향을 보였다.^{\circ}C$$,에서는 20시간 가열시 0.706$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg으로 가장 높게 생성된 후 서서히 감소하였다. 그러나 산값과 공액이중산값은 계속 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 즉 B(a)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2005

When we design coastal and harbol facilities deepwater design wave and wind speed are the important design parameters. Especially, the analysis of these informations is a vital step for the point of disaster prevention. In this study, we made and an extreme value analysis using a series of deep water significant wave data arranged in the 16 direction and supplied by KORDI real-time wave information system ,and the wind data gained from Wan-Do whether Station 1978-2003. The probability distributions considered in this characteristic analysis were the Weibull, the Gumbel, the Log-Pearson Type III, the Normal, the Lognormal, and the Gamma distribution. The parameter for each distribution was estimated by three methods, i.e. the method of moments, the maximum likelihood, and the method of probability weight moments. Furthermore, probability distributions for the extreme data had been selected by using Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test within significant level of 5%, i,e. 95% reliance level. From this study we found that Gumbel distribution is the most proper model for the deep water design wave height off the southwest coast of Korea. However the result shows that the proper distribution made for the selected site is varied in each extreme data set.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.203-319
• /
• 2020

The regulation of satellite remote sensing is generally included with the scope of statutes governing outer space activities. But not all states opted for dedicated satellite remote sensing regulation. The decision whether to do so depends in part on the specific capabilities of national satellite remote sensing programs. Five states that have dedicated statutes governing operations with remote sensing data are the United States, with its developed Landsat regime (the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992, LRSPA), Canada, with its Remote Sensing Systems Act, Germany, with its Satellite Data Securities Protection Act (SatDSiG), France, with its Law on Space Operations (LOS), Japan, with its Act on Ensuring Appropriate Handling of Satellite Remote Sensing Data. The major purpose of this article is to shed light on some legal issues surrounding remote sensing activities by comparative review. The paper analyzes international conventions or soft law and national law and policies relating to satellite remote sensing. It also offers some implications and suggestions for regulations of satellite remote sensing operations and satellite data.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2012

The variation in the wind speed with height above ground is called the wind shear profile. In the field of wind resource assessment, analysts typically use one of two mathematical relations to characterize the measured wind shear profile: the logarithmic profile (log law) and the power law profile (power law). The logarithmic law uses the surface roughness as a parameter, and the power law uses the power law exponent as a parameter. The shape of the wind shear profile typically depends on several factors, most notably the roughness of the surrounding terrain and the stability of the atmosphere. Since the atmospheric stability changes with season, time of day, and meteorological conditions, the surface roughness and the power law exponent also tends to change in time. For this study, Using the observed data from Met-mast, located in Pyeongdae, Handong in Jeju. we used the matlab and windograper to calculate roughness length and the law exponents. These calculations are similar to reference the data, but they have different ranges. In the ocean case, each reference data and calculated data was the same, but the crop area is higher than the earlier studies. In addition, the agricultural village is lower than the earlier studies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2022

The V_S30 map is used as a key variable for site amplification in the ShakeMap, which predicts ground motion at any site. However, no V_S30 map considering Korean geology and geomorphology has been developed yet. To develop a proxy-based V_S30 map, we used 1,101 V_S profiles obtained from a geophysical survey and collected proxy layers of geological and topographical information for the Korean Peninsula. Then, V_S30 prediction models were developed using linear regression analysis for each geological age considering the distribution of V_S30. As a result, models depending on geomorphology were suggested per each geologic group, including Quaternary, Fill, Ocean, Mesozoic group and Precambrian. Resolution of map is doubled from that of V_S30 map by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Standard deviation of residual in natural log of proxy-based V_S30 map is 0.233, whereas standard deviation of slope-based USGS V_S30 map is 0.387. Therefore, the proxy-based V_S30 map developed in this study is expected to have less uncertainty and to contribute to predicting more accurately the ground motion amplitude.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.875-884
• /
• 2000

Sea fog/stratus is very difficult to detect because of the characteristics of air-sea interaction and locality ,and the scantiness of the observed data from the oceans such as ships or ocean buoys. The aim of our study develops new algorism for sea fog detection by using Geostational Meteorological Satellite-5(GMS-5) and suggests the technics of its continuous detection. In this study, atmospheric synoptic patterns on sea fog day of May, 1999 are classified; cold air advection type(OOUTC, May 10, 1999) and warm air advection type(OOUTC, May 12, 1999), respectively, and we collected two case days in order to analyze variations of water vapor at Osan observation station during May 9-10, 1999.So as to detect daytime sea fog/stratus(OOUTC, May 10, 1999), composite image, visible accumulated histogram method and surface albedo method are used. The characteristic value during day showed A(min) .20% and DA < 10% when visible accumulated histogram method was applied. And the sea fog region which is detected is similar in composite image analysis and surface albedo method. Inland observation which visibility and relative humidity is beneath 1Km and 80%, respectively, at OOUTC, May 10,1999; Poryoung for visble accumulated histogram method and Poryoung, Mokp'o and Kangnung for surface albedo method. In case of nighttime sea fog(18UTC, May 10, 1999), IR accumulated histogram method and Maximum brightness temperature method are used, respectively. Maxium brightness temperature method dectected sea fog better than IR accumulated histogram method with the charateristic value that is T_max < T_max_trs, and then T_max is beneath 700hPa temperature of GDAPS(Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System). Sea fog region which is detected by Maxium brighness temperature method was similar to the result of National Oceanic and Atmosheric Administratio/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) DCD(Dual Channel Difference), but usually visibility and relative humidity are not agreed well in inland.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2007

A method to quickly estimate broadband moment magnitudes (Mwp) to warn regional and teleseismic tsunamigenic earthquakes is tested for application of the method to the different seismic observation environment. In this study, the Mwp is calculated by integrating far-field P-wave or pP-wave of vertical component of displacement seismograms in time domain from earthquakes, having magnitude greater than 5.0 and occurred in and around the Korean peninsula from 2000 to 2006. We carefully set up the size of the time window for the computations to exclude S wave phases and other phases following after the P wave phase. The P wave velocities and the densities from the averaged Korean crustal model are used in the computations. Instrumental correction was performed to remove dependency on the seismograph. The Mwp after the instrumental correction is about 0.1 greater than the Mwp before the correction. The comparison of our results to the those of foreign agencies such as JMA and Havard CMT catalogues shows a higher degree of similarity. Thus our results provide an effective tool to estimate the earthquake size, as well as to issue the necessary information to a tsunami warning system when the effective earthquake occurs around the peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.309-324
• /
• 2008

In this study the retrieval algorithms have been developed to retrieve total precipitable water (TPW) from Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) infrared measurements using a physical iterative retrieval method and a split-window technique over East Asia. Retrieved results from these algorithms were validated against Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) over ocean and radiosonde observation over land and were analyzed for investigating the key factors affecting the accuracy of results and physical processes of retrieval methods. Atmospheric profiles from Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS), which produces analysis and prediction field of atmospheric variables over East Asia, were used as first-guess profiles for the physical retrieval algorithm. We used RTTOV-7 radiative transfer model to calculate the upwelling radiance at the top of the atmosphere. For the split-window technique, regression coefficients were obtained by relating the calculated brightness temperature to the paired radiosonde-estimated TPW. Physically retrieved TPWs were validated against SSM/I and radiosonde observations for 14 cases in August and December 2004 and results showed that the physical method improves the accuracy of TPW with smaller bias in comparison to TPWs of RDAPS data, MODIS products, and TPWs from split-window technique. Although physical iterative retrieval can reduce the bias of first-guess profiles and bring in more accurate TPWs, the retrieved results show the dependency upon initial guess fields. It is thought that the dependency is due to the fact that the water vapor absorption channels used in this study may not reflect moisture features in particular near surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.731-737
• /
• 2016

To understand the characteristics and strength of the cold water that has caused damage to marine-culturing farms around Guryongpo, in the southwestern part of Korea, surface and water column temperatures were collected from temperature loggers deployed at a sea squirt farm during August-November 2007 and from a Real-time Information System for Aquaculture environment operated by NIFS (National Institute of Fisheries Science) during July-August 2015 and 2016. During the study period, surface temperature at Guryongpo decreased sharply when south/southwestern winds prevailed (the 18-26th of August and 20-22nd of September 2007 and the 13-15th of July 2015) as a result of upwelling. However, the deep-water (20-30m) temperature increased during periods of strong north/northeasterly winds (the 5-7th and 16-18th of September 2007) as a result of downwelling. Among the cold water events that occurred at Guryongpo, the mass death of cultured fish followed strong cold water events (surface temperatures below $10^{\circ}C$) that were caused by more than two days of successive south/southeastern winds with maximum speeds higher than 5 m/s. A Cold Water Index (CWI) was defined and calculated using maximum wind speed and direction as measured daily at Pohang Meteorological Observatory. When the average CWI over two days ($CWI_{2d}$) was higher than 100, mass fish mortality occurred. The four-day average CWI ($CWI_{4d}$) showed a high negative correlation with surface temperature from July-August in the Guryongpo area ($R^2=0.5$), suggesting that CWI is a good index for predicting strong cold water events and massive mortality. In October 2007, the sea temperature at a depth of 30 m showed a high fluctuation that ranged from $7-23^{\circ}C$, with frequency and spectrum coinciding with tidal levels at Ulsan, affected by the North Korean Cold Current. If temperature variations at the depth of fish cages also regularly fluctuate within this range, damage may be caused to the Guryongpo fish industry. More studies are needed to focus on this phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.36 no.6_3
• /
• pp.1653-1667
• /
• 2020

In this study, we coupled a computation fluid dynamics (CFD) model to the local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS), a current operational numerical weather prediction model of the Korea Meteorological Administration. We investigated the characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) distributions in a building-congested district. To analyze the effects of road emission on the PM2.5 concentrations, we calculated road emissions based on the monthly, daily, and hourly emission factors and the total amount of PM2.5 emissions established from the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) of the Ministry of Environment. We validated the simulated PM2.5 concentrations against those measured at the PKNU-AQ Sensor stations. In the cases of no road emission, the LDAPS-CFD model underestimated the PM2.5 concentrations measured at the PKNU-AQ Sensor stations. The LDAPS-CFD model improved the PM2.5 concentration predictions by considering road emission. At 07 and 19 LST on 22 June 2020, the southerly wind was dominant at the target area. The PM2.5 distribution at 07 LST were similar to that at 19 LST. The simulated PM2.5 concentrations were significantly affected by the road emissions at the roadside but not significantly at the building roof. In the road-emission case, the PM2.5 concentration was high at the north (wind speeds were weak) and west roads (a long street canyon). The PM2.5 concentration was low in the east road where the building density was relatively low.