• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.73-85
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• 2004

Recently, as the growth of the wireless Internet, PDA and HPC, the focus of research and development related with GIS(Geographic Information System) has been changed to the Real-Time Mobile GIS to service LBS. To offer LBS efficiently, there must be the Real-Time GIS platform that can deal with dynamic status of moving objects and a location index which can deal with the characteristics of location data. Location data can use the same data type(e.g., point) of GIS, but the management of location data is very different. Therefore, in this paper, we studied the Real-Time Mobile GIS using the HBR-tree to manage mass of location data efficiently. The Real-Time Mobile GIS which is developed in this paper consists of the HBR-tree and the Real-Time GIS Platform HBR-tree. we proposed in this paper, is a combined index type of the R-tree and the spatial hash Although location data are updated frequently, update operations are done within the same hash table in the HBR-tree, so it costs less than other tree-based indexes Since the HBR-tree uses the same search mechanism of the R-tree, it is possible to search location data quickly. The Real-Time GIS platform consists of a Real-Time GIS engine that is extended from a main memory database system. a middleware which can transfer spatial, aspatial data to clients and receive location data from clients, and a mobile client which operates on the mobile devices. Especially, this paper described the performance evaluation conducted with practical tests if the HBR-tree and the Real-Time GIS engine respectively.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.49-63
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• 2003

Recently, two international standard organizations, ISO and OGC, have done the work of standardization for GIS. Current standardization work for providing interoperability among GIS DB focuses on the design of open interfaces. But, this work has not considered procedures and methods for designing GIS DB. Eventually, GIS DB has its own model. When we share the data by open interface among heterogeneous GIS DB, differences between models result in the loss of information. Our aim in this paper is to revise the design guidelines for geographic information databases in order to make consistent spatial data models, logical structures, and semantic structure of populated geographical databases. In details, we propose standard guidelines which convert ISO abstract schema into relation model, object-relation model, object-centered model, and geometry-centered model. Furthermore, we provide sample models for applying these guidelines in commercial GIS S/Ws. Building GIS DB based on design guidelines proposed in the paper has the following advantages: the interoperability among databases, the standardization of schema definitions, and the catalogue of GIS databases through.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.52-68
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the seasonal variation of SST(Sea Surface Temperature) and thermal effluents estimated by using Landsat-7 ETM+ around the Kori Nuclear Power Plant for 10 years(2000~2010). Also, we analyzed the direction and range of thermal effluents dispersion by the tidal current and tide. The results are as follows, First, we figured out the algorithm to estimate SST through the linear regression analysis of Landsat DN(Digital Number) and NOAA SST. And then, the SST was verified by compared with the in situ measurement and NOAA SST. The determination coefficient is 0.97 and root mean square error is $1.05{\sim}1.24^{\circ}C$. Second, the SST distribution of Landsat-7 estimated by linear regression equation showed $12{\sim}13^{\circ}C$ in winter, $13{\sim}19^{\circ}C$ in spring, and $24{\sim}29^{\circ}C$ and $16{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ in summer and fall. The difference of between SST and thermal effluents temperature is $6{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ except for the summer season. The difference of SST is up to $2^{\circ}C$ in August. There is hardly any dispersion of thermal effluents in August. When it comes to the spread range of thermal effluents, the rise range of more than $1^{\circ}C$ in the sea surface temperature showed up to 7.56km from east to west and 8.43km from north to south. The maximum spread area was $11.65km^2$. It is expected that the findings of this study will be used as the foundational data for marine environment monitoring on the area around the nuclear power plant.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1970

As an attempt to determine if the morphological differences between the southern and western oysters are due simply to the local ecological factors or are based on their fundamental genetic nature, oyster seeds produced in 1968 at Tong-Young, Ye-Chun, and Ko-Hung on the south coast and at Kan-Wol-Do on the west coast were cross-transplanted during May of 1969 to compare their growth. The spats were placed in plastic baskets which permitted free water flow through and the baskets hung from a wooden rack located at a tidal zone of less than I hour exposure at a depth chosen to keep the baskets submerged in water at all times. Twice a month the growth of the spats were measured along with the air and water temperature and salinity. The early summer spats, which were $17-240\%$ larger, in size, than the late summer spats at the time of cross-transplantation, grew more slowly than the late summer spats when exposed to identical environmental conditions, shortening the initial gap to a $5-20\%$ level as the first year of the growth phase came to an end in December. The growth of the Kan-Wol-Do spats lagged considerably behind the southern spats at all localities tested, whereas there were no significant differences among the latter groups. This suggests that the morphological differences between southern and western Pacific oysters in Korea are a manifestation of genetic variety and that Pacific oysters cultured along the south coast are of an identical variety as they are commonly believed to be. The seasonal changes in temperature and salinity even during rainy season in both the southern and western coastal areas are well within the range suitable for successful spawning, and spat fall. However, since the results were based on twice-a-month measurements with no data covering the critical period before and after spawning, they can only serve to indicate at best the general pattern of changes in the environmental conditions of each growing area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.39-50
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• 2007

Sexing from bovine embryos fertilized in vitro implicates a possibility of the sex controlled cattle production. This study was carried out to produce the sex determined cattle through the embryonic sexing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. FISH was achieved in in vitro fertilized bovine embryos using a bovine Y-specific DNA probe constructed from the btDYZ-1 sequence. Using this probe, a male-specific signal was detected on 100% of Y-chromosome bearing metaphase specimens. The analyzable rate of embryonic sexing by FISH technique was about 93% (365/393) regardless of embryonic stages. As tested single blastomere by FISH and then karyotype with their biopsied embryos, the accuracy of sex determination with FISH was 97.6%. We tried the embryo transfer with sex determined embryos on 15 cattle. Among them, the 5 cattle delivered calf with expected sex last year.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2006

IP망을 이용한 IPTV 방송 서비스가 새로운 수익 모델로 인정받고 현재 국내의 KT, SKT 등이 IPTV 시범서비스를 준비하거나 진행 중에 있다 이 IPTV 서비스는 이전의 단방향 방송과는 달리 사용자와의 인터렉션을 중시하는 양방향 방송을 표방하기 때문에 지금까지의 방송과는 다른 혁신적인 방송서비스가 기대된다. 하지만 IPTV 서비스에 있어서 여러 통신사와 방송사가 참여할 수 있을 것으로 보여지는 것과는 달리 실상은 몇몇 거대 통신기업이 자신들의 망을 이용하는 가입자들을 상대로 한정된 사업을 벌이고 있다. 이는 IPTV 서비스를 위한 인프라가 구축되어 있지 않고 방통융합망의 개념을 만족시키기 위해 서비스 개발자가 알아야 할 프로토콜들이 너무나 많기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 상황을 타개할 수 있는 수단을 Open API로 제안한다. 맞춤형 방송을 위한 시나리오를 TV-Anytime의 벤치마킹과 유저 시나리오를 참고하여 재구성하고 이 시나리오로부터 IPTV 방송 서비스를 위한 방통융합망의 기본적이고 강력한 기능들을 Open API 함수로 정의하였다. 여기에서의 방송 서비스는 NDR, EPG, 개인 맞춤형 광고 서비스를 말하며 각 서비스를 위한 서버는 통합망 위에 존재하고 이 서버들이 개방하는 API들은 다른 응용프로그램에 의해 사용되는 것이기 때문에 가장 기본적인 기능을 정의하게 된다. 또한, 제안한 Open API 함수를 이용하여 개인 맞춤형 방송 응용 서비스를 구현함으로써 서비스 검증을 하였다. Open API는 웹서비스를 통해 공개된 기능들로써 게이트웨이를 통해 다른 망에서 사용할 수 있게 된다. Open API 함수의 정의는 함수 이름, 기능, 입 출력 파라메터로 이루어져 있다. 사용자 맞춤 서비스를 위해 전달되는 사용자 상세 정보와 콘텐츠 상세 정보는 TV-Anytime 포럼에서 정의한 메타데이터 스키마를 이용하여 정의하였다.가능하게 한다. 제안된 방법은 프레임 간 모드 결정을 고속화함으로써 스케일러블 비디오 부호화기의 연산량과 복잡도를 최대 57%감소시킨다. 그러나 연산량 감소에 따른 비트율의 증가나 화질의 열화는 최대 1.74% 비트율 증가 및 0.08dB PSNR 감소로 무시할 정도로 작다., 반드시 이에 대한 검증이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 현지관측에 비해 막대한 비용과 시간을 절약할 수 있는 위성영상해석방법을 이용한 방법은 해양수질파악이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, GIS를 이용하여 다양하고 복잡한 자료를 데이터베이스화함으로써 가시화하고, 이를 기초로 공간분석을 실시함으로써 환경요소별 공간분포에 대한 파악을 통해 수치모형실험을 이용한 각종 환경영향의 평가 및 예측을 위한 기초자료로 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.염총량관리 기본계획 시 구축된 모형 매개변수를 바탕으로 분석을 수행하였다. 일차오차분석을 이용하여 수리매개변수와 수질매개변수의 수질항목별 상대적 기여도를 파악해 본 결과, 수리매개변수는 DO, BOD, 유기질소, 유기인 모든 항목에 일정 정도의 상대적 기여도를 가지고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이로부터 수질 모형의 적용 시 수리 매개변수 또한 수질 매개변수의 추정 시와 같이 보다 세심한 주의를 기울여 추정할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월이하의 중단기가 적합함을 발견하였다. 이상의 행태적 측면과 투자성과측면의 실증결과를 통하여 한국주식시장에 있어서 시장수익률을 평균적으로 초과할 수 있는 거래전략은 존재하므로 이러한 전략을 개발 및 활용할 수 있으며, 특히, 한국주식시장에 적합한 거래전략은 반전거래전략이고, 이 전략의 유용성은 투자자가 설정한 투자기간보다

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.8 no.1 s.15
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• pp.51-63
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• 2000

Dynamic traffic assignment(DTA) has been a topic of substantial research during the past decade. While DTA is gradually maturing, many aspects of DTA still need improvement, especially regarding its formulation and solution algerian Recently, with its promise for In(Intelligent Transportation System) and GIS(Geographic Information System) applications, DTA have received increasing attention. This potential also implies higher requirement for DTA modeling, especially regarding its solution efficiency for real-time implementation. But DTA have many mathematical difficulties in searching process due to the complexity of spatial and temporal variables. Although many solution algorithms have been studied, conventional methods cannot iud the solution in case that objective function or constraints is not convex. In this paper, the genetic algorithm to find the solution of DTA is applied and the Merchant-Nemhauser model is used as DTA model because it has a nonconvex constraint set. To handle the nonconvex constraint set the GENOCOP III system which is a kind of the genetic algorithm is used in this study. Results for the sample network have been compared with the results of conventional method.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_1
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• pp.959-974
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• 2021

Forel-Ule Index (FUI) is an index which classifies the colors of inland and seawater exist in nature into 21 gradesranging from indigo blue to cola brown. FUI has been analyzed in connection with the eutrophication, water quality, and light characteristics of water systems in many studies, and the possibility as a new water quality index which simultaneously contains optical information of water quality parameters has been suggested. In thisstudy, Ocean Colour-Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) based 4 km FUI was spatially downscaled to the resolution of 500 m using the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data and Random Forest (RF) machine learning. Then, the RF-derived FUI was examined in terms of its correlation with various water quality parameters measured in coastal areas and its spatial distribution and seasonal characteristics. The results showed that the RF-derived FUI resulted in higher accuracy (Coefficient of Determination (R²)=0.81, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)=0.7784) than GOCI-derived FUI estimated by Pitarch's OC-CCI FUI algorithm (R²=0.72, RMSE=0.9708). RF-derived FUI showed a high correlation with five water quality parameters including Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Chlorophyll-a, Total Suspended Solids, Transparency with the correlation coefficients of 0.87, 0.88, 0.97, 0.65, and -0.98, respectively. The temporal pattern of the RF-derived FUI well reflected the physical relationship with various water quality parameters with a strong seasonality. The research findingssuggested the potential of the high resolution FUI in coastal water quality management in the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.63-75
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• 2016

Aquaculture has historically delivered marine products because the country is surrounded by ocean on three sides. Surveys on production have been conducted recently to systematically manage aquaculture facilities. Based on survey results, pricing controls on marine products has been implemented to stabilize local fishery resources and to ensure minimum income for fishermen. Such surveys on aquaculture facilities depend on manual digitization of aerial photographs each year. These surveys that incorporate manual digitization using high-resolution aerial photographs can accurately evaluate aquaculture with the knowledge of experts, who are aware of each aquaculture facility's characteristics and deployment of those facilities. However, using aerial photographs has monetary and time limitations for monitoring aquaculture resources with different life cycles, and also requires a number of experts. Therefore, in this study, we investigated an automatic prototype system for detecting boundary information and monitoring aquaculture facilities based on satellite images. KOMPSAT-3 (13 Scene), a local high-resolution satellite provided the satellite imagery collected between October and April, a time period in which many aquaculture facilities were operating. The ANN classification method was used for automatic detecting such as cage, longline and buoy type. Furthermore, shape files were generated using a digitizing image processing method that incorporates polygon generation techniques. In this study, our newly developed prototype method detected aquaculture facilities at a rate of 93%. The suggested method overcomes the limits of existing monitoring method using aerial photographs, but also assists experts in detecting aquaculture facilities. Aquaculture facility detection systems must be developed in the future through application of image processing techniques and classification of aquaculture facilities. Such systems will assist in related decision-making through aquaculture facility monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.469-480
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• 2012

This study was to analyze the characteristics of diurnal variation of high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration, $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ concentration ratio by spatio-temporal wind system (wind speed and wind direction) for high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration (over the 24 hr environmental standard of $PM_{2.5}$, $50{\mu}g/m^3$) in the air quality observation sites (Jangrimdong: Industrial area, Jwadong: Residential area) that were measured for 3 years (2005. 12. 1-2008. 11. 30) in Busan. The observation days of high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration were 182 at Jangrimdong and 27 at Jwadong. The seasonal diurnal variation of hourly mean of high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ concentration ratio showed a similar pattern that had higher variation at dawn, and night and in the morning than in the afternoon. Durning daytime in summer at Jwadong, the $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ concentration ratio increased because a secondary particulate matter, which was created by photochemical reaction, decreased the coarse particles of $PM_{10}$ more than the fine particles of $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in ocean condition. We did an analysis of spatio-temporal wind system (wind speed range and wind direction) in each time zone. The result showed that high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration at Jangrimdong occurred due to the congestion of pollutants emissions from the industrial complex in Jangrimdong area and the transportation of pollutants from places nearby Jangrimdong. It also showed that high $PM_{2.5}$ concentration occurred at Jwadong because of a number of local residential and commercial activities that caused the congestion of pollutants.