• Title/Summary/Keyword: 해수 담수화 장치

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Study on the Necessity of Energy Recovery Device in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant (소규모 역삼투 담수화 시설에서 에너지 회수장치의 필요성에 대한 연구)

  • Jeon, Jongmin;Kwak, Kyungsup;Kim, Noori;Jung, Jaehak;Son, Dong-Min;Kim, Suhan
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.762-766
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    • 2017
  • Energy recovery device (ERD) is used to save energy consumption in seawater reverse osmosis processes. However, small-scale ERDs (<$100m^3/d$) are hardly observed in seawater desalination market. In South Korea, most of seawater desalination plants for drinking water production are small-scaled and have been operated in island areas or on ships. Thus, the effect of ERDs for these small-scale SWRO processes should not be neglected. In this work, the small-scale SWRO processes are designed and analyzed in terms of energy consumption with/without ERD. The realistic efficiencies of high pressure pumps are considered for the energy analyses. The unit cost of electricity depending on the application place (e.g., inland and island areas, on ships) is investigated to calculate the energy cost for unit water production in various SWRO applications classified by plant capacity, application place, and the installation of ERD. As a result, the energy cost can be saved up to $1,640.4KRW/m^3$ when ERD is applied, and the saving effect increases at smaller plants on ships. In conclusion, the development of small-scale ERDs are necessary because small-scale SWRO processes are dominant in Korean seawater desalination market, and the electricity saving effect becomes higher at smaller-scaled system.

Desalination of Seawater Using Membrane Separation Processes (막분리 공정을 이용한 해수담수화)

  • 최광호
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 1993
  • 해수는 약 3.5%의 여러가지 염류가 용해되어 있는 수용액으로 이러한 용존염류를 제거하여 담수를 얻는 방법으로는 증발법, 냉동법 등과 같이 물의 상변화를 이용하는 방법과 역삼투압법, 전기투석법과 같이 분리막을 이용하여 압력차, 전위차로 분리하는 방법이 실용화되어 있다. 이중에서 역삼투압법은 상변화가 필요없기 때문에 소요에너지가 적고 장치가 Compact하여 설치비 및 설치부지가 적게 든다는 이점을 가지고 있으며, 특히 최근에는 우수한 분리막의 개발 및 공정기술의 향상으로 다른 공정들에 비해 경쟁력을 갖게 되었다.

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막분리공정을 이용한 해수담수화

  • 최광호
    • Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1993.06a
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    • pp.57-81
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    • 1993
  • 해수는 약 3.5%의 여러가지 염류가 용해되어 있는 수용액으로 이로한 용존염류를 제거하여 담수를 얻는 방법으로는 증발법, 냉동법 등과 같이 물의 상변화를 이용하는 방법과 역삼투압법, 전기투석법과 같이 분리막을 이용하여 압력차, 전위차로 분리하는 방법이 실용화 되어 있다. 이 중에서 역삼투압법은 상변화가 필요없기 때문에 소요에너지가 적고 장치가 COMPACT하여 설치비 및 설치부지가 적게 든다는 이점을 가지고 있으며, 특히 최근에는 우수한 분리막의 개발 및 공정 기술의 향상으로 다른 공정들에 비해 경쟁력을 갖게 되었다.

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Calculation of non-condensable gases released in a seawater evaporating process (해수 증발과정에서의 기체방출량 계산)

  • Jeong, Kwang-Woon;Chung, Hanshik;Jeong, Hyomin;Choi, Soon-Ho
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.182-190
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    • 2017
  • All liquids contain a small amount of gaseous components and the amount of gases dissolved in a liquid is in accordance with Henry's Law. In a multi-stage thermal-type seawater desalination plant, as the supplied seawater undergoes variations in temperature and pressure in each evaporator, the gases dissolved in the seawater are discharged from the liquid. The discharged gases are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, and these emitted gases are non-condensable. From the viewpoint of convective heat transfer, the evaluation of non-condensable gas released during a vacuum evaporation process is a very important design factor because the non-condensable gases degrade the performance of the cooler. Furthermore, in a thermal-type seawater desalination plant, most evaporators operate under vacuum, which maintained through vacuum system such as a steam ejector or a vacuum pump. Therefore, for the proper design of a vacuum system, estimating the non-condensable gases released from seawater is highly crucial. In the study, non-condensable gases released in a thermal-type seawater desalination plant were calculated quantitatively. The calculation results showed that the NCG releasing rate decreased as the stage comes getting a downstream and it was proportional to the freshwater production rate.

Development of Seawater Distiller utilizing Waste Heat of Portable Electric Generators (발전기 폐열 이용 소형 해수담수화장치 개발)

  • Park, Chang-Dae;Lim, Byung-Ju;Hiroshi, Tanaka
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.607-613
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    • 2010
  • A seawater distiller, in which the waste heat from a portable electric generator was used, with a multiple-effect diffusion still was designed. The waste gas from small generators commonly used in islands has not yet been used because it has less thermal energy; however, this waste gas can be used as a heat source for small-capacity distillers and as an additional heat source for solar stills. The proposed distiller comprises a series of closely spaced parallel partitions that are placed in contact with saline-soaked wicks. In the distiller, evaporation and condensation processes are repeated to recycle the thermal energy for increasing the distillate productivity. Experimental results show that the proposed distiller with only one-effect still can produce at least 6.7 kg/day of distilled water; the proposed distiller with a ten-effect still is expected to produce 43 kg/day of distilled water. This amount of distillate is approximately four times the maximum daily productivity of the solar stills, as determined in outdoor experiments.

Development of 3th Effects Evaporative desalination system for Solar Desalination System (태양에너지 해수담수화를 위한 3중 효용 증발식 담수기 개발)

  • Hwang, In-Seon;Joo, Hong-Jin;Yun, Eung-Sang;Kwak, Hee-Youl
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.201-201
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    • 2010
  • The evaporative desalination system with solar energy would be the efficient and attractive method to get fresh water. This study was described the development of Multi Effect Distillation(MED) with solar energy desalination system. The system was designed and manufactured Multi effect distillation on the capacity of $3m^3$/day. The experimental apparatus consists mainly of ejector pump, Hot water pump, flow meter, demister, cooler, evaporator and condenser. Evaporator and condenser were made Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger type with corrugated tube. The experimental variables were chosen $75^{\circ}C$ for hot water inlet temperature, 40, 60 and $80{\ell}$/min for hot water inlet volume flow rate, 6.0 and $8.0{\ell}$/min for evaporator feed seawater flow rate, $18^{\circ}C$ for sea water inlet temperature to cover the average sea water temperature and the salinity of sea water is measured about 33,000 PPM (parts per million). for a year in Korea. This study was analyzed the results of thermal performance of Multi Effect Distillation. The results are as follows, The experimental Multi effect distillation is required about 40 kW heat source for production of $3m^3$/day fresh water. Various operating flow rate was confirm in the experiments to get the optimum design data and the results showed that the optimum total flow was $8.0{\ell}$/min. Comparison of Single Effect Distillation with Multi Effect Distillation showed MED is at least more than double of SED.

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEA WATER FREEZING BEHAVIOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEA WATER DESALINATION SYSTEM (해수 동결담수화장치 개발을 위한 해수동결에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Park, D.S.;Kim, M.H.;Oh, C.
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.1250-1259
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    • 2001
  • This study was experimentally performed to investigate sea water freezing behavior along parallel cooled plate with bubbly flow The experiments were carried out for a variety of parameter, such as sea water velocity, air-bubble flow rate, and cooled-plate temperature. The shape of freezing layer, freezing rate and salinity of frozen layer were observed and measured. It was found that the experimental parameters gave a great influence on the freezing rate and the salinity of the frozen layer.

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An Experimental Study on Sea Water Freezing Behavior in a Cooled Circular Tube (원관내의 해수동결거동에 관한 실험적연구)

  • 김명준
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.680-686
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    • 1998
  • In the adoption of a desalination system the most important factor is the cost of fresh water pro-duction. In general LNG is stored in a tank as a liquid state below $-162^{\circ}C$ When it is serviced however the LNG absorbs energy from a heat source and it is transformed to a high pressure gaseous state. During this process a huge amount of cold energy accumulated in cooling LNG is wasted. This wasted cold energycan be utilized to produce fresh water by using a sea water freez-ing desalination system. in order to develop a sea water freezing desalination system and to estab-lish its design technique qualitative and quantitative data regarding the freezing behavior of sea water is required in advance. The goals of this study are to reveal the freezing mechanisms of sea water in a cooled circular tube to measure the freezing rate and to investigate the freezing heat-transfer characteristics. The experimental results provide a general understanding of sea water freezing behavior in a cooled circular tube.

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Conditions of Desalination with Reduced Pressure Evaporation Device (감압증발장치와 해수담수화의 조건)

  • Ji, Ho;Yun, Sung Yeol;Lee, Seung Won;Moon, Deok Soo;Lee, Ho Saeng;Kim, Hyeon Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.8-12
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    • 2014
  • Reduced pressure evaporation applies the principle of lowering water's boiling point by reducing the pressure. It uses the relation between temperature and pressure to reduce energy consumption needed for elevating temperature. As the result, the highest evaporation was observed at $80^{\circ}C$ and -40 cmHg applying saturated vapor pressure depending on different seawater temperature. It was found that the higher concentration in the factor test experiment depending on seawater concentration induced the higher evaporation. Also, in the factor test experiment, the amount of evaporation increased as the pressure decreased. It is concluded that the most important factor of evaporation was concentration, the second important factor was temperature, and the least important factor was pressure. Through this experiment, optimized conditions of desalination with reduced pressure evaporation device were verified.

Evaluation of Reverse Electrodialysis System with Various Compositions of Natural Resources (다양한 농도 공급원의 조합을 통한 역전기투석 장치의 성능 평가)

  • Kwon, Kilsung;Park, Byung Ho;Kim, Dukhan;Kim, Daejoong
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.513-518
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    • 2015
  • Salinity gradient power (SGP) has attracted significant attention because of its high potential. In this study, we evaluate reverse electrodialysis (RED) with various compositions of available resources. The polarization curve (I-V characteristics) shows linear behavior, and therefore the power density curve has a parabolic shape. We measure the power density with varying compartment thicknesses and inlet flow rates. The gross power density increases with decreasing compartment thickness and increasing flow rate. The net power density, which is the gross power density minus the pumping power, has a maximum value at a compartment thickness of 0.2 mm and an inlet flow rate of 22.5 mL/min. The power density in RED is also evaluated with compositions of desalination brines, seawater, river water, wastewater, and brackish water. A maximum power density of $1.75W/m^2$ is obtained when brine discharged from forward osmosis (FO) and river water are used as the concentrated and the diluted solutions, respectively.