• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.144-150
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• 2015

Stems of Pinus thunbergii Parl. grown with high salinity were analyzed for chemical characteristics. Stem of 2 years was rich in soluble compounds and stem of 3 years reduced the amount of the soluble compound. But, the lignin content have not seen a large change. Also, Klason lignins of stem of 2 and 3 years has not changed in nitrogen and hydrogen content. In Klason process, it was significantly increased the carbon concentration due to the hydrolysis of the carbohydrate. In addition, the accumulation of xylan from Pinus thunbergii Parl. with salinity treatment were increased noticeably. Finally, functional group of Pinus thunbergii Parl. with salinity treatment were not changed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.102-105
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• 2017

본 논문은 기존 국내의 ITS방식인 DSRC의 단점을 보완하기 위해 무선전송 기술인 WAVE를 적용한 WAVE/DSRC 플랫폼 기술 연구에 대해 소개한다. 우선, WAVE/DSRC플랫폼의 소프트웨어 구성도와 그에 따른 WAVE 및 DSRC 태스크 동작 구조 및 컨트롤러에 대해 기술하였다. WAVE/DSRC플랫폼을 적용하여 기존의 ITS방식인 DSRC의 단점을 보완하여 보다 정확하고 신뢰성있는 서비스를 제공 할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.1195-1197
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• 2017

본 논문은 퍼스널 모빌리티의 주요기술이라 할 수 있는 IoT 기반의 NEV 제어 시스템을 소개한다. 제안하는 시스템의 분석을 위해 논문 본론에서는 NEV 통합 관리 시스템의 전체 구성도를 시작으로 설계한 시스템소프트웨어, 사용자 어플리케이션 및 사용자 응용 어플리케이션에 대해 기술하였다. 본 시스템 적용을 통해 실시간으로 전기이륜차의 상태정보를 제공할 수 있으며 네비게이션, 블랙박스와 같은 기능을 통해 사용자의 편의성을 증대시킬 수 있다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.9
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• pp.109-114
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• 1991

The depth and spread of root systems and the density of root branching affect the success and survival of plants subjected to drought. The type and size of root systems are controlled by heredity and soil conditions. There are also important interaction between roots and shoots; roots are dependent on shoots for carbohydrates, growth regulators, and certain vitamins, and shoots are dependent on roots for water, minerals, and certain growth regulators. Pinus thunbergii Parlatore had most of roots in the top 20cm of soil, and had little short of roots in the less than 80cm of soil. Average of root density was $270cm/cm^3$ in the upper soil(0~20cm). Root density of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore was similar to that of Cryptomeria japonica. There is no saying that Pinus thunbergii Parlatore has an advantage over Cryptomeria japonica in the drought. This data will be used to the root density values in the simulation model of black pine stands.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

In order to promote the growth of the trees, it is the most important to fertilize efficiently. The organic nutrient "Green-one" which list public notification number 08-organic-3-112" was registered in Rural Development Administration. The "Green-one" is the environment friendly organic nutrient with new concept which is used in planting and maintenance of the trees. The "Green-one" makes the tree grow actively. Also it has a function of the anti germ and sustainable fertilizer effect. In conclusion, "Green-one" promoted the growth of P. thunbergii excellently. Expecially the growth of the root increased. The concentration of "Green-one" dilution was more better 100 times than 300 times in trees grow. This research can apply with the test of fertilizer efficiency in landscape trees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 1992

Pinus koraiensis (Pk), P. rigida (Pr) and P. rigida ${\times}$ P. taeda (Pr. t) seedlings in a bare-rooted nursery were artificially inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and Thelephora terrestris (Tt) to test long term effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation on host growth. Mycelial inocula of Pt and Tt were mass-cultured in vermiculite-peatmoss mixture and introduced into fumigated nursery soil before seed sowing. Bare-rooted, inoculated seedlings at one to four years of age were outplanted to the field with $P_2O_5$ content of 25 ppm in soil. At the time of outplanting, Pk seedlings(4 years old), Pr seedlings(2 years old), and Pr.t seedlings(1 year old) all infected by Pt were significantly taller by 28%. 26%, and 77%, respectively, than controlled seedlings infected by natural population of mycorrhizal fungi in the non-fumigated plot. Ten years after inoculation or six to nine years after outplanting, Pk seedlings inoculated with Pt were significantly taller by 9% Pr.t seedlings significantly taller by 18%, and Pr slightly Caller by 2%(not significant) than controlled seedlings, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of Pt on host growth gradually declined or became minimal after outplanting. Tt failed to stimulate host growth either in the nursery or in the field, and the survival rate of outplanted seedlings was not different among fungal treatments. Considerable loss of the infected root system during lifting the seedlings for outplanting would be the primary cause of the reduced effect of Pt in the field. Pt infected more than 90% of the fine roots in the fumigated nursery during the first growing season, but Pt assumed to fail to compete successfully with natural population of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field. It is necessary to select other mycorrhizal fungi which adapt well in both nursery and field.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.13
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• pp.31-44
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• 1995

Mt. Kumjeong is located in south-eastern part of the Korean Peninsular($129^{\circ}$01' to $129^{\circ}$05' E, $35^{\circ}$03' to $35^{\circ}$17' N) and the altitude of the summit is 802 meter. In order to find out the vegetation units which made it possible to classify subtropical forest and south-temperate forest, Mt. Kumjeong (which is located in a border of between subtropical forest and south-temperate forest) was selected as a study area. The primary result of actual vegetation analysis in Mt. Kumjeong based upon the vegetation community analysis methods by the ZM-school, and the relationships between vegetation community and two parameters(altitude, topography) analyzed by using coincidence analysis method were summarized as followings. 1. Based upon analytic methods of the vegetation community by the ZM-schools, the primary analytic result of the analysis of vegetation community in Mt. Kumjeong was divided into 10 communities, 9 groups, 2 subgroups. 2. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community out of 16 vegetation units was thought as a indicator vegetation group which made it possible to border subtropical forest and south-temperate forest. 3. Natural regeneration of Stewartia koreana group was thought to be difficult because seedling and sapling was rarely showed, 4. In relationship between vegetation units and altitude, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Wisteria floribunda community,. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus thunbergii community mainly distributed below altitude 500 meter, and Quercus mongolica community, Typical group of Pinus densiflora community, Quercus dentata community, Carpinus coreana community, Quercus acutissima community mainly distributed above altitude 500 meter. 5. In relationship between vegetation units and topography, Carpinus tschonoskii community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Wisteria floribunda community,. Eurya japonica group of Pinus densiflora community distributed below middle slope, Quercus mongolica community, Typical group of Pinus densifiora community, Quercus dentata community, Carpinus coreana community, Pinus thunbergii community Quercus acutissima communily clistributed above midclle slope.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.502-509
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• 2011

It is important to determine optimum soil covering depths for tree survival and growth because soil covering depths for establishing tree planting bases in coastal reclaimed lands are related to the costs for soil collection, transportation and land reclamation. The objectives of this study were carried out to determine optimum soil covering depths for the normal growth of planted trees in a coastal reclaimed land. The study sites were located in Asan National Industrial Complex in Pyeongtaek City, Gyeonggi-do. Four tree species (Pinus thunbergii, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Zelkova serrata, Quercus acutissima) with one hundred eighty trees of each species were planted in various depths of soil covering (no soil covering, 0.5 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m soil covering treatments) on April 1998, and the tree growth patterns were measured on September 2000. The change of soil properties, tree mortality rate, root collar diameter and height growth were measured from each soil covering depth treatment on September 2000. Soil pH, EC, exchangeable cations ($K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$), anion $Cl^-$, and base saturation increased with decreased soil covering depths. The mortality rates of tree species showed decreased with increased soil covering depths. The height growth of tree species increased with increased soil covering depths. Height growth of Pinus thunbergii was significantly different between the soil covering depth below 0.5m and other three covering depths, while the growth of other species (C. pisifera, Z. serrata, Q. acutissima) was significantly higher in soil covering depths below 1.5 m than in other soil covering depth treatments. The root collar diameter growth of all tree species showed increasing trends with increased soil covering depths. It is recommended to cover the soil depths above 1.5 m to decrease mortality and to stimulate the tree growth of C. pisifera, Z. serrata and Q. acutissima, while P. thunbergii which is a salt tolerate species could be planted in the 1.0 m soil covering depth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.372-380
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• 1996

This study was carried out to study the resistant substances to pine needle gall midge and seasonal variation of phenolic compounds in pine needles among susceptible and resistant species to pine needle gall midge. Free and water soluble phenolic compounds contained in pine needles showed seasonal variations among pine species. But, catechol, vanillic acid and syringic acid including phenolic compounds showed no variation between pine species, even the amount of those component varied by the seasons. Salicylic acid in pine needles showed 140ppm in Pinus virginiana, 35ppm in Pinus thunbergii and 72ppm in hybrid pine, Pinus thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, but traces in Pinus densiflora on May and June, hatching season in larvae of pine needle gall midge. There was high level of salicylic acid in resistant species to pine needle gall midge but traces in susceptible species. As our previous researches, the necrosis rate of larvae of pine needle gall midge showed high level on the solution of phenolic compounds extracted from needles of P. virginiana and salicylic acid, and there was no gall formation in P. virginiana, so that salicylic acid in pine needles seems to have relation with those results. Therefore, it is estimated that salicylic acid is resistant substance to pine needle gall midge.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1980

Monoterpenes, phenolic substances, growth substances and total nitrogen from normal needles and infested needles attacked by Thecodiplosis japonensis were compared for Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii and Pinus rigida. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. Major monoterpene components in P. densiflora needles were ${\beta}$-phellandrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene and those in P. rigida needles were ${\beta}$-pinene and ${\alpha}$-pinene. In P. rigida resistant to this insect, infested needles showed higher ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene and myrcene but lower camphene, limonene and ${\beta}$-phellandrene than normal needles. 2. Orcinol, catechol ferulic acid, salicylic acid and five unknowns were detected in P. rigida needles whereas orcinol, catechol, ferulic acid and four unknowns in P. densiflora needles. 3. Tryptophan, a precursor of IAA, was detected in larvae and also in gall tissues of both P. densiflora and P. thunbergii needles. This fact shows that growth substances may involve in gall formation by Thecodiplosis japonensis. 4. Total nitrogen contents per unit needle weight were neither significantly different between P. densiflora and P. rigida, nor between normal and infested needles.