• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

Every year landslides cause serious casualties and property damages around the world. As the accurate prediction of landslides is important to reduce the fatalities and economic losses, various approaches have been developed to predict them. Prediction methods can be divided into landslide susceptibility analysis, landslide hazard analysis and landslide risk analysis according to the type of the conditioning factors, the predicted level of the landslide dangers, and whether the expected consequence cased by landslides were considered. Landslide susceptibility analyses are mainly based on the available landslide data and consequently, they predict the likelihood of landslide occurrence by considering factors that can induce landslides and analyzing the spatial distribution of these factors. Various qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques have been applied to landslide susceptibility analysis. Recently, quantitative susceptibility analyses have predominantly employed the physically based model due to high predictive capacity. This is because the physically based approaches use physical slope model to analyze slope stability regardless of prior landslide occurrence. This approach can also reproduce the physical processes governing landslide occurrence. This review examines physically based landslide susceptibility analysis approaches.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.57-80
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to review the practicality of Christian education for sustainable development in a rapidly changing world. The first part of this study identify the concept, meaning, and direction of implementation of "Sustainable Development," which has been studied and published around UNESCO since the early 1980s, and present practical strategies for the sustainable development of Christian education. This study chronologically selected five major reports published by UNESCO--"Our Common Future"(1987), "Agenda 21"(1992), "UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2014"(2002), "Roadmap for Implementing the Global Action Programme for Education for Sustainable Development 2015-2019"(2014) and "Education for Sustainable Development 2030"(2020)--and examined the concept and meaning of "Sustainable Development"(SD). At the same time, in relation to "Education for Sustainable Development"(ESD), the occurrence, change, and implementation method of "Sustainable Development Goals"(SDGs) were examined and presented. This study derived three Christian educational implications necessary to properly establish the next generation of faith, based on a leadership development strategy using the concept of sustainable development, For the sustainability of Christian education, the foundation of education based on the correct biblical interpretation of cultural mandate is first examined, and then the need for curriculum development and class design is proposed using various types of indicators and educational modules. Finally, specific practices for the development of educational leadership to revitalize Christian education are presented through a multi-dimensional approach.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.709-719
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• 2023

In general, most of the electrical equipment responsible for control within power plants is housed in self-standing cabinets. These cabinets are typically fixed to a slab using post-installed anchors. Although the fixation method of using post-installed anchors provides stability, there is a risk of conductor failure due to external forces, including moments. However, the performance assessment of current anchors is only evaluated through uniaxial material tests. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to compare the static performance of post-installed anchors, considering on-site installation conditions, with their performance in material tests and to analyze the behavioral characteristics of the anchors. While conducting experiments using actual cabinets would be ideal, practical and spatial constraints make this approach difficult. As an alternative, experiments were conducted using a test specimen consisting of a steel column and a support. As a result, the pull-out performance of anchors reflecting on-site installation conditions was measured to be about 10% higher than that observed in material tests. The trends in load reduction and the point of maximum performance for the anchors also differed. To verify the reliability of the experimental study, a 3D FEM analysis was performed, which will provide predictive information on the loads transferred to the post-installed anchors for structural performance evaluations of electrical cabinets using shaking table test in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2024

The 2022 revised science curriculum aims to develop the ability to solve scientific problems arising in daily life and society based on convergent thinking stimulated through participation in research activities using artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, we developed a science-AI convergence education program that combines the science curriculum with artificial intelligence and employed it in convergence classes for high school students. The aim of the science-AI convergence class was for students to qualitatively understand the movement of a damped pendulum and build an AI model to predict the position of the pendulum using the block coding platform KNIME. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted to understand and interpret the learners' experiences. Based on Giorgi's phenomenological research methodology, we described the learners' learning processes and changes, challenges and limitations of the class. The students collected data and built the AI model. They expected to be able to predict the surrounding phenomena based on their experimental results and perceived the convergence class positively. On the other hand, they still perceived an with the unfamiliarity of platform, difficulty in understanding the principle of AI, and limitations of the teaching method that they had to follow, as well as limitations of the course content. Based on this, we discussed the strengths and limitations of the science-AI convergence class and made suggestions for science-AI convergence education. This study is expected to provide implications for developing science-AI convergence curricula and implementing them in the field.

• Trans-
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• v.15
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• pp.25-56
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• 2023

VR is a dynamic image simulation technology with very high information density. Among them, spatial depth, temporality, and realism bring an unprecedented sense of immersion to the experience. However, due to its high information density, the information contained in it is very easy to be manipulated, creating an illusion of objectivity. Users need guidance to help them interpret the high density of dynamic image information. Just like setting up navigation interfaces and interactivity in games, interactivity in virtual reality is a way to interpret virtual content. At present, domestic research on VR content is mainly focused on technology exploration and visual aesthetic experience. However, there is still a lack of research on interactive storytelling design, which is an important part of VR content creation. In order to explore a better interactive storytelling model in virtual reality content, this paper analyzes the interactive storytelling features of the VR animated version of <Wolves in the walls> through the methods of literature review and case study. We find that the following rules can be followed when creating VR content: 1. the VR environment should fully utilize the advantages of free movement for users, and users should not be viewed as mere observers. The user's sense of presence should be fully considered when designing interaction modules. Break down the "fourth wall" to encourage audience interaction in the virtual reality environment, and make the hot media of VR "cool". 2.Provide developer-driven narrative in the early stages of the work so that users are not confused about the ambiguous world situation when they first enter a virtual environment with a high degree of freedom. 1.Unlike some games that guide users through text, you can guide them through a more natural interactive approach that adds natural dialog between the user and story characters (NPC). Also, since gaze guidance is an important part of story progression, you should set up spatial scene user gaze guidance elements within it. For example, you can provide eye-following cues, motion cues, language cues, and more. By analyzing the interactive storytelling features and innovations of the VR animation <Wolves in the walls>, I hope to summarize the main elements of interactive storytelling from its content. Based on this, I hope to explore how to better showcase interactive storytelling in virtual reality content and provide thoughts on future VR content creation.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to look at families as presented on the technology-home economics subject of middle school. To do this, I analyzed the 2007 revised curriculum of the technology-home economics subject, 'Changing Families,' in 11 technology-home economics textbooks (8th grade). The findings are as follows. First, family-related chapters are expanded compared with the previous curriculum in the 2007 revised curriculum. In addition, the new version emphasizes understanding and acceptance of change in families to improve the family life of adolescents. Second, in the 11 types of technology-home economics textbooks, the focusing was on the meaning of the family, the family structure, the function of the family, family roles and family values. There were also no major differences in the aspect of development. Third, in the technology-home economics textbooks, the family was defined as the 'basic group of society', 'a group composed by blood relationships, marriage and adoption', 'an affective group' and 'cohabiting group'. At the same time, there were many cases in which the description of the family was overly romanticized. Such a description of the family does not match the individual family experience of an adolescent. Fourth, all of textbooks dealt with the diversity of the family structure, such as single-parent families, remarriages families, and multi-cultural families. However, the structural characteristics and problems with these types of families are excessively emphasized, which can result in students having stereotypical images of specific family types. Fifth, the explanation of the function of the family was similar among textbooks. The importance of intergenerational cooperation and gender equality was also emphasized. However, such a concept is not considered as proper in a modern society. Thus, the description of a family based on the nuclear family should be sublated. In addition, the explanation of families overall should be developed in such a way that adolescents can interpret their own family experience rather than as an enlightening declaration of the family which disregards the dynamic relationships individual families actually experience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.201-230
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• 2001

Conserving the recored cultural inheritance is actually the duty of all of us. Above all, the management and conservation of archives and documents is up to archivists who have technical knowledge about archival science. Archivists have to not only conserve archives and documents but also carry out classifying and appraising them in order to define them as current historic ones. The fundamental education about archival science is made up of history and law. Because Archive is the organisation which manage archives and documents produced by legal and administrative actions. Although there are still arguments about technical knowledge and degree archivists have to acquire, most of them prefer the studies related with history and emphasize legal studies to be the general boundary of archivits' ideology and trust. The training course about conservation of archives is conducted in about 9 National Archives of Torino, Milano, Venezia, Genova, Bologna, Parma, Roma, Napoli, Palermo. The training course in 19th was mostly based on the lectures of Phaleography, Diplomatics. There were not the education about archival science yet. Toward the end of 19th and 20th, people stressed the most basic subject in the training course of National Archive was not Phaleography and Diplomatics but archival science. The goal of archival science is to study the institution and organisation transferring archives and documents to Archive. And also it help archivists not wander about with ignorance of organisational and original procedures and divisions but know exactly theirs works. Like this, the studies on institution and organisation have got in the saddle as a branch of archival science since a few ten years. While archival science didn't evoke sympathy among people and experienced the tedious and difficult path in italy and other countries, Archive was managed by experts of other branches. As a result, there were a lot of faults in Archival Science. Specializing training course for Italian archivists came into being under the backdrop of Social Science Institute of Roma National University in 1925. The archival course of universities accomplished by the studies of history, law and economy. And such as Eugenio Casanova and Giorgio Cencetti were devoted archival science was abled to settle down in national archive. The training course for experts of 'archival science, 'Phaleography and Diplomatics' in National Archive of Bologna(Archivio di Stato di Bologna) is one of courses conducted in 17 National Archives in italy. This course is gratuitous and made up of 8 subjects(Archivistica, Paleografia, Diplomatica, Storia dell' Archivio, Notariato e documenti privati, istituzione medievale, istituzione moderna, istituzione contemporanea) students have to complete for two years. Students can receive the degree through passing twice written exam and once oral test. After department of Culture and education finally puts the marks of students, the chief Nationa Archive of Bologna confer the degree of 'archival science Phaleography and Diplomatics' on students passing the exams. This degree authenticates trainees' qualification which enables him to work at the archive in province, district and administrative capital city and archive of comunity and so on. Italian training course naturally leads archivists to keep in contact with valuable cultural inheritance through training in Archive. And it shows the intention to strengthen the affinity with each documents in the spot of archival management before training archivists. Also this is appraised as one of positive policies to conserve the local cultual inheritante in connection with the original qualitity of national archive with testify the history of each region. Traning course for archivist in Italy shows us the way how we have to prepare and proceed it. First, from producing documents to conserving than forever there has introduced 'original order that is to say a general rule to respect the first order given at the time producing documents'. Management of administrative documents is related consistently with one of historical documents. Second, the traning course for archivist is managing around 17 national archives. because italian national archive lay stress not or rducation of theory bus on train for archivest working in the first time of archival science. Third, diplomatics and phaleography for studies about historical document support archives. Forth, the studies on history id proceeding by cooperation between archivist and historian around archive. How our duties is non continuinf disputer who has to conserve and manage document and archives, but traing experts who having ability, vision and flexible thought, responsibility about archivals.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.104-111
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• 2016

Recently, the quantities of chemical material are increasing in chemical industries. At that time, release accident is increasing due to aging of equipment, mechanical failure, human error, etc. and industrial complexes found community properties in a specific area. For that matter, chemical release accident can lead to hight probability of large disaster. There is a need to analyze the boundaries optimal sensor placement calculated by selecting release scenarios through release condition and wether condition in a chemical process for release detection and response. This paper is to investigate chlorine release accident scenarios using COMSOL. Through accident scenarios, a numerical calculation is studied to determine optimized sensor placement with weight of detection probability, detection time and concentration. In addition, validity of sensor placement is improved by robustness analysis about unpredicted accident scenarios. Therefore, this verifies our studies can be effectively applicable on any process. As mention above, the result of this study can help to place mobile sensor, to track gas release based concentration data.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.441-449
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• 2018

The knowledge and information processing competence is one of the essential competencies in an information-oriented society which is highly related to science education. The purpose of this study is to investigate middle school students' difficulties in science inquiry activity in view of the knowledge and information processing competence. Collection, processing, and application of information are extracted as common elements of the knowledge and information processing competence through literature search. Data were obtained from eight students of a middle school in Seoul for five months and were analyzed based on constant comparative method to extract students' difficulties. As a result, the element of information collection is observed through science inquiry and the element of information processing is observed in hypothesis setting step, inquiry result analysis step, and inquiry result sharing step. The element of information application is observed in the creation of posters for sharing and inquiry reports. Difficulties in information collection were found in lack of confidence in information gathering, systematic search strategy, and information reliability. Difficulties in information processing appeared in the inexperience of analysis program use, information transformation, and interpretation of linkage information. Difficulties in information application were caused by the lack of effective organization and effective expression of information. In this study, it is meaningful to provide a clue as to how the knowledge and information processing competence can be established in science education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1784-1791
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• 2016

Garlic was subjected to eight different cooking methods (raw, boiling, steaming, microwave cooking, deep-frying, oven-roasting, pan-frying, and pan-roasting) utilized for typical Korean cuisine. Garlic was analyzed for antioxidant activities and physicochemical properties to elucidate effects of cooking. Garlic cooked at higher temperatures showed significantly lower lightness and higher yellowness (P<0.001). In particular, deep-frying and pan-frying resulted in lowest lightness and soluble solid content, indicating that non-enzymatic browning reactions were more facilitated. Compared with raw garlic, all cooked garlic tended to have lower thiosulfinates, presumably due to decomposition into polysulfides and/or leaching into cooking water and oil. Microwave cooking retained organic acids, total reducing capacity, and flavonoids, which can be attributed to low microwave intensity and shorter cooking time under which heat-labile bioactive components might have undergone less decomposition. Cooking significantly increased metal-chelating activity (P<0.001). In addition, oven-roasting and pan-roasting enhanced total reducing capacity and flavonoid content, indicating that thermal treatments increased the extractability of bioactive components from garlic. However, boiling, deep-frying, and pan-frying, in which garlic is in contact directly with a hot cooking medium, reduced antioxidant activities. Deep-frying resulted in largest reduction in DPPH radical scavenging activity of garlic, which correlated well with reduction of total reducing capacity and flavonoid content. The results show that the antioxidant activity of garlic could be affected by cooking method, particularly heat intensity and/or direct contact of the cooking medium.