• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.623-629
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• 2006

Purpose : The mortality rate of neonatal sepsis has been decreased, however, the incidence has not significantly decreased because of increased invasive procedures. This study was designed to make guidelines for choosing antibiotics by analyzing the causative microorganisms and their antibiotics sensitivity test according to the onset of neonatal sepsis. Methods : One hundred seven cases of culture proven sepsis in 89 patients admitted to the NICU of Chonnam University Hospital from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2004, were enrolled. By reviewing the medical records, clinical data, laboratory findings, causative organisms and their antibiotics sensitivity, and mortality were analyzed. Results : The incidence of neonatal sepsis was 1.7 percent and more prevalent in premature and low birth weight infants. 85.4 percent of neonatal sepsis was late onset. Almost all microorganisms(92.9 percent) were gram-positive in early onset, however, two thirds were gram-positive and one third were gram-negative and Candida in late onset. Gram-negative organisms and Candida were more prevalent in patients who had central line. Gram-positive organisms were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and gram-negative were sensitive to imipenem, and cefotaxime. Conclusion : Neonatal sepsis was more prevalent in premature and low birth weight infants. More than 90 percent were gram-positive in early onset, however, one third was gram-negative and Candida in late onset. The first choice of antibiotics were a combination of third generation cephalosporin and clindamycin in early onset, and third generation cephalosporin and glycopeptide in late onset. If there is no response to antibiotics treatment, the use of antifungal agents should be considered.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

Polymerase chain reactin (PCR) could be a simple way to screen new microbial strains producing useful secondary metabolites if their biosynthetic genes are known and candidate strains to be screened are available. In this study, we have screened two myxobacterial strains, KYC3047 and KYC3076, carrying genes appeared to be biosynthetic genes of soraphen A, a potent antifungal substance, out of 50 cellulose degrading myxobacteria using PCR. The two strains were identified as Sorangium cellulosum based on morphological, physiological, and molecular biological characteristics. Both of the strains produced substances having strong antifungal activities as expected against Candida albicans, a causative agent of candidiasis, and Colletotrichum acutatum, a causative agent of anthracnose on pepper.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.527-533
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• 1997

From apple skin, we isolated a bacterial strain which strongly inhibited the growth of apple white rot fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea. The isolated strain, designated as SS279, was identified to be the genus Bacillus. The antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. SS279 was found in the culture filtrate. The production of antifungal substances occurred during logarithmic phase and was the highest when cultures reached the stationary growth phase. The optimum ranges of temperature and pH for its production were 25-30$\circ$C and 4.5-9.0, respectively. The culture filtrate of Bacillus sp. SS279 exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. dothidea. Autoclaved culture filtrate of Bacillus sp. SS279 showed only a slight decrease in antifungal activity, indicating that the Bacillus sp. SS279 produce heat-stable antifungal substances. In in vivo bioassay, Bacillus sp. SS279 also showed antagonistic activity against apple white rot caused by B. dothidea.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

In order to use the symbiotic bacteria from ethomophatogenic nematodes as a biological control agent for agriculture, the cultural condition for maintaining phase I and antifungal activity was investigated. Symbiotic bacteria (SB) 1 stain from nematodes were selected from the three strains isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes. The growth of the SB 1 strain in NB, TSB, TY and YS medium was higher than that of the SB 2 and SB 3 strain. The packed cell volume of the SB 1 strain was reduced in NB medium which showed radical pH change. Phase I of the SB 1 strain was maintained in TSB medium after being stored for 2 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. Culture broth with the SB 1 strain in TSB medium for 6 days and 7 days showed antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani KACC 40142, Botrytis cinerea Pers. KACC 40854, and Botrytis cinerea Pers. KACC 41008. Culture broth with the SB 1 strain in TSB medium containing 100 mM L-proline for 5 days showed antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani KACC 40142, and Botrytis cinerea Pers. KACC 40854.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

6-[(N-3,4-Dibromophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione(FCK13) was tested for antifungal activities. The MIC values were determined by the two-fold dilution method. The therapeutic potential of RCK13 had been assessed in comparison with ketoconazole and fluconazole against systemic infections with candida albicans in normal mice. RCK13 had ED50,0.80$\pm$0.21 mg/kg but ketoconazole had ED50, 8.00$\pm$0.73 mg/kg respectively. And administered RCK13 at the ED50 for 14 days improved survival rates as well as ketoconazole. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK13 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. These acute oral toxicities of RCK13 were low and LD50 values were over 2,850 mg/kg in ICR mice. The genotoxicities of RCK13 had been evaluated. RCK13 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberration test in CHL cells. The clastogenicity was tested on the RCK13 with in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. RCK13 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. These results indicate that RCK13 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2009

591 strains of myxobacteria that grew on cellulose as a sole carbon source were isolated from soils collected from various locations in Korea. Morphological characteristics such as the shape of cells, colonies and fruiting bodies and 16S rRNA sequences of the isolates suggested that all the isolates are Sorangium cellulosum. An antifungal assay has indicated that at least 20 strains among the 114 isolates tested produce antifungal substances inhibiting growth of Candida albicans.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1999

6-(4-Iodophenyl)amino-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK9) was evaluated for antifungal activities. The MIC values of RCK9 were determined against A. flavus, c. albicans, C. neoformans and F. oxysporium. The RCK9 showed generally potent antifungal activities against the tested fungi. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK9 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. These acute oral toxicities of RCK9 had been evaluated. RCK9 were low and LD50 values were over 2,850 mg/kg in ICR mice. The genotoxicities of RCK9 had been evaluated. RCK9 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium and chromosomal aberration test in CHL cells. The clastogenicity was tested on the RCK9 with in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. RCK9 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. The results indicate that RCK9 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental conditions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 2011

Glycycoumarin, a 3-arylcoumarine isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix (a family of Leguminosae), is reported to have anti-bacterial activity. However, its antifungal activity is still unknown. In this present study, the antifungal activity of glycycoumarin (GLM) against Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus was investigated. Possible mechanism such as blocking of the hyphal induction was also analyzed. By the in-vitro susceptibility analysis, GLM showed anticandidal activity, resulting in an almost complete inhibition of the fungal growth at a concentration of 320 ${\mu}g/ml$, which was equivalent to the efficacy of fluconazole at the same dose. In the murine model of disseminated candidiasis GLM enhanced resistance of mice against the disseminated disease (P<0.05), resulting in 60% protection of GLM-treated mice group during a period of 21-day observation. As for its mechanism of the antifungal activity, GLM blocked hyphal production, one of the important of virulence factors by the fungus, from the yeast form of C. albicans (P<0.01). These data indicate that GLM may contribute to the perspectives that focus on the development of a novel agent with antifungal activity specific for C. albicans infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.426-428
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• 2002

A seven-year old mare had endometritis after history of abortion and repeated intra-uterine infusion of antibiotics. She showed hyperemia and oedema of the cervical mucosa with grayish white purulent discharge. Candida albicans was determined to be the causative agent of the endometritis. The diagnosis was established by the direct demonstration of the pathogen in the uterine exudate and its isolation in pure, heavy and luxuriant growth. In vitro disc diffusion test showed the organism was sensitive to all the four antifungal drugs tested, which are amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole and nystatin. The intrauterine nystatin infusion was found very effective as C. albicans could not be recovered 7 days after the last treatment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.383-387
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• 2013

In the present study, we determined the antifungal effect of obacunone isolated from Phellodendri Cortex against Candida ablicans, a pathogenic fungus. The antifungal effect was analyzed by an in-vitro susceptibility test and in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Possible mechanism of the antifungal activity was also examined. Analyses of data resulting from the susceptibility test revealed that the compound inhibited C. albicans growth. At 25 ${\mu}g$ obacunone/ml, there was app. 45% reduction of CFUs (colony forming units) as compared to obacunone-untreated C. albicans yeast cells (P<0.01). In the murine model of disseminated candidiasis due to C. albicans, obacunone enhanced resistance of mice against disseminated candidiasis. During an entire period of 30-day observation, control animals all died within 14 days, whereas 60% of obacunone-treated mice survived (P<0.05). In addition, obacunone inhibited the hyphal production, a major virulence factor of C. albicans, from the blastoconidial form. Thus, obacunone appears to have antifungal activity for C. albicans infection. This may possibly be mediated by the blockage of hyphal production.