• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.7189-7195
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• 2015

The method of moments (MoM) is implemented to simulate scattering from a PEC (perfectly electric conductor) cylinder in the TE(transversw electric) EFIE (Electric Field Integral Equation) approach. The procedure expresses the singularity integral and the hypersingularity integral in terms of an analytic function and employs a singularity isolation process coupled with numerical technique along the discretized segment to evaluate the self terms. It is known that, in the MoM technique, the choice of base functions and test functions is very important for the accuracy and convergence of the numerical analysis. Thus, in this paper, three conditions, obtained from the combination of basis functions and test functions, are adopted to get the induced currents on the PEC surface. These currents are compared to the analytical one in the relative rms current error to get the condition that shows fast convergence rate. The fast order of convergence of the current error, 2.528, is obtained under the combination of pulse basis function/delta test function.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Shipping companies involved in sea transportation service are exposed to uncertainty due to its volatile business environment. It is crucial that shipping companies take effective strategies to cope with uncertain business environments and to achieve high business performance. Using Porter's generic strategy, this study investigates the relationships between environmental uncertainty and competitive strategies, and the impact of competitive strategies on firm's business performance. To test hypotheses, OLS regressions and Tobit analysis were conducted on Korea shipping companies who provide global sea transportation service. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, variation of environmental uncertainty affects cost-leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. Diversity of environmental uncertainty affects differentiation strategy, but not cost-leadership strategy. Second, firms attain business performance by using the cost-leadership strategy. That is, shipping companies can achieve high business performance by reducing their operating costs in the entire process of transportation service.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2014

Ocean Literacy is an understanding of the ocean's influence on you and your influence on the ocean. This research developed the 7 ocean education model courses using ocean literacy based on the analysis of ocean education programs which executed 23 agencies in Busan. These model courses are combined in the type of indoor theory, indoor experience, field study and field experience. Also, this makes the guide map for ocean education in a 76cm*56cm size to distinguish and choose the course easily. This map is the format combined in geological location and tourist attraction spots in Busan, includes education centers, contents, lead time and so on, and it is possible for educatees to handle their preference and seasonality elastically. This map including ocean education model course is a milestone to activate ocean education, and is helpful to reach the goal of ocean education and to lead ocean professionals. In addition, this research presents the development of teaching materials, training aids to complement the weakness of indoor education, the development of cyber education through making video contents as the activation measures of ocean education.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1462-1470
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• 2015

The container BIC-code is a transport protocol for convenience in international shipping and combined transport environment. It is an identification code of a marine transport container which displays a wide variety of information including country's code. Recently, transportation through aircrafts and ships continues to rise. Thus fast and accurate processes are required in the ports to manage transportation. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a BIC-code region extraction and recognition method using multiple thresholds. In the code recognition, applying a fixed threshold is not reasonable due to a variety of illumination conditions caused by change of weather, lightening, camera position, color of the container and so on. Thus, the proposed method selects the best recognition result at the final stage after applying multiple thresholds to recognition. For each threshold, we performs binarization, labeling, BIC-code pattern decision (horizontal or vertical pattern) by morphological close operation, and character separation from the BIC-code. Then, each characters is recognized by template matching. Finally we measure recognition confidence scores for all the thresholds and choose the best one. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields accurate recognition for the container BIC-code with robustness to illumination change.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2019

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of each activity in the high school students (568 students) after school career education (Career and vocation, Curriculum-related career education, Special lecture related to career, Entrance exam session, Career psychology test, Internet lecture), and then to analyze the career decision-making self-efficacy of the items Goal selection, Job information, Problem solving and Future plan by high, middle, and low group. Methods: Questionnaires administered to subjects after career education counseling education. Results: Career decision - making self - efficacy was significantly higher in the high group than in the middle and low groups in the goal selection, job information, problem-solving and future planning by the educational satisfaction on career and vocation, curriculum-related lectures, entrance examination session (p<.001). The level of satisfaction of special career lectures was in the order of low group> high group> middle group in career decision self - efficacy, and the values of high and low groups were significantly higher than those of the middle group. The effect of satisfaction on career decision self - efficiency in Career psychological examination education was in the order of top> middle> low groups in goal choice and job information, and the high group values were significantly higher than the middle and low groups. In the problem solving and future planning, there was a difference between high, middle, and low group values, but there was no significant difference. The effect of the satisfaction of the internet course on the career decision self - efficacy was not significant, but there was a difference between the high, middle, and low groups. Satisfaction with the internet course was low and did not affect the decision - making self - efficacy significantly. Conclusion: The higher the satisfaction of career education, the higher self - determination efficacy of goal selection, job information, problem solving and future plan. This study suggests the direction of career education.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.563-570
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• 2016

Onion vinegar has an undesirable flavor and taste that results from alcohol and acetic acid production from fermentation. In this study, we have used onion vinegar to develop an onion vinegar beverage with better sensory quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum blending ratio by using response surface methods to produce an onion vinegar beverage containing Yuza (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka). The optimal formula for a fermented onion beverage was determined using a central composite design by the response surface methodology. The independent variables were obtained by regression analysis of the reaction surface of brown sugar, apple extracts and Yuza extracts. The optimum mixing ratio for onion vinegar:water:brown sugar:apple extracts:Yuza extracts was 6.0:77.6:4.9:9.2:2.3 (w/w). The actual overall acceptance was 7.08 under optimum conditions, which was close to the maximum predicted value of 6.96. The concentration of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and quercetin present in the onion vinegar beverage was 14.8 mg/100 g, 2.6 mg/100 g and 1.4 mg/100 g, respectively. The onion vinegar beverage showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. It also showed antioxidant effects, with a DPPH radical inhibition rate of 18.2% and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of 11.5%. In conclusion, the onion vinegar beverage described here seems to have nutritional value and potential biological activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.370-378
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• 2015

Oral health is a critical factor for diagnosing overall health, as poor oral health has a negative impact on food intake and results in deterioration of nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to research the needs for food developments for the elderly based on their oral and overall health status. Oral status was significantly associated with self-reported health status, and dry mouth (lack of saliva) especially showed a significant relationship with negative self-perception of both oral and overall health. For both elderly men and women, fish and leafy vegetables were the most preferred side dishes. Bread, rice cake, and beverage-type foods were also preferred for snack development. Disease status of the elderly was significantly related with their preference for food development. For instance, those with diabetes were more likely to ask for anti-diabetic diets. The most important factor for the elderly in choosing food was nutritional balance, and less than 3,000 won was cited as an affordable price. The results could be utilized as basic data to develop foods for the elderly.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2014

GRAS probiotics can be used to modulate intestinal microbiota and to alleviate various gastrointestinal disorders. In several recent studies, researchers have explored the potential expansion and usability of probiotics to reduce the risk factors associated with diseases, including obesity, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, and oxidative stress. In this review, our aim was to clarify the mechanism underlying interactions between hosts (animal or human) and probiotics and the beneficial effects of probiotics on human health.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-33
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• 2019

The small and medium sized enterprises (hereinafter SMEs) are already at a competitive disadvantaged when compared to large companies with more abundant resources. Manufacturing SMEs not only need a lot of information needed for new product development for sustainable growth and survival, but also seek networking to overcome the limitations of resources, but they are faced with limitations due to their size limitations. In a new era in which connectivity increases the complexity and uncertainty of the business environment, SMEs are increasingly urged to find information and solve networking problems. In order to solve these problems, the government funded research institutes plays an important role and duty to solve the information asymmetry problem of SMEs. The purpose of this study is to identify the differentiating characteristics of SMEs that utilize the public information support infrastructure provided by SMEs to enhance the innovation capacity of SMEs, and how they contribute to corporate performance. We argue that we need an infrastructure for providing information support to SMEs as part of this effort to strengthen of the role of government funded institutions; in this study, we specifically identify the target of such a policy and furthermore empirically demonstrate the effects of such policy-based efforts. Our goal is to help establish the strategies for building the information supporting infrastructure. To achieve this purpose, we first classified the characteristics of SMEs that have been found to utilize the information supporting infrastructure provided by government funded institutions. This allows us to verify whether selection bias appears in the analyzed group, which helps us clarify the interpretative limits of our study results. Next, we performed mediator and moderator effect analysis for multiple variables to analyze the process through which the use of information supporting infrastructure led to an improvement in external networking capabilities and resulted in enhancing product competitiveness. This analysis helps identify the key factors we should focus on when offering indirect support to SMEs through the information supporting infrastructure, which in turn helps us more efficiently manage research related to SME supporting policies implemented by government funded institutions. The results of this study showed the following. First, SMEs that used the information supporting infrastructure were found to have a significant difference in size in comparison to domestic R&D SMEs, but on the other hand, there was no significant difference in the cluster analysis that considered various variables. Based on these findings, we confirmed that SMEs that use the information supporting infrastructure are superior in size, and had a relatively higher distribution of companies that transact to a greater degree with large companies, when compared to the SMEs composing the general group of SMEs. Also, we found that companies that already receive support from the information infrastructure have a high concentration of companies that need collaboration with government funded institution. Secondly, among the SMEs that use the information supporting infrastructure, we found that increasing external networking capabilities contributed to enhancing product competitiveness, and while this was no the effect of direct assistance, we also found that indirect contributions were made by increasing the open marketing capabilities: in other words, this was the result of an indirect-only mediator effect. Also, the number of times the company received additional support in this process through mentoring related to information utilization was found to have a mediated moderator effect on improving external networking capabilities and in turn strengthening product competitiveness. The results of this study provide several insights that will help establish policies. KISTI's information support infrastructure may lead to the conclusion that marketing is already well underway, but it intentionally supports groups that enable to achieve good performance. As a result, the government should provide clear priorities whether to support the companies in the underdevelopment or to aid better performance. Through our research, we have identified how public information infrastructure contributes to product competitiveness. Here, we can draw some policy implications. First, the public information support infrastructure should have the capability to enhance the ability to interact with or to find the expert that provides required information. Second, if the utilization of public information support (online) infrastructure is effective, it is not necessary to continuously provide informational mentoring, which is a parallel offline support. Rather, offline support such as mentoring should be used as an appropriate device for abnormal symptom monitoring. Third, it is required that SMEs should improve their ability to utilize, because the effect of enhancing networking capacity through public information support infrastructure and enhancing product competitiveness through such infrastructure appears in most types of companies rather than in specific SMEs.