• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.159-161
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• 2011

항만국통제제도는 기항지국별로 항만국통제를 시행하던 것이 지역별로 협력체제를 구축하여 기준미달선 제거를 위해 노력하게 되었다. 하지만 지역협력체제에 법적 구속력이 없어 한계성을 보이고 있으므로 조약화하는 것이 기준미달선을 제거하는 최선의 방법이 될 것이다. 지역협력체제 MOU는 실질적 구속력이 없어 한계성을 보이고 있으므로 강제화한다면 항만국통제 목적을 달성할 것이고 이것이 확대되면 범세계적으로 기준미달선은 제거되고 해상안전과 해양환경보호는 달성될 것이다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.195-208
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• 2005

The flag State is primarily responsible for implementing international maritime conventions(IMO conventions) and national laws and other standards as far as its own vessels are concerned, on the other hand the port State exercise its rights for the safety and marine environment under international law especially UNCLOS within port and territorial sea. In particular, the port State may take appropriate measures including detention of ships identified as sub-standard vessels which are considered as port State's supplementary role aiming for implementing international and national and regulations. But in the course of implementing port state control, international disputes may happen between port state, coastal state and flag state in spite of making all possible efforts to avoid these disputes. This paper aims to consider legal grounds on port state control(PSC) in international conventions and national laws concerned and deals with contradictions between international and national law arising from exercising PSC by port state control officers(PSCOs).

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.28
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• pp.78-89
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• 2010

항만국통제는(Port State Control)은 자국 항만 또는 수역 내에서 기준미달선을 제거하기 위하여 선박이 외국항에 기항하였을 때 해당 항만국의 검사관(Port State Control Officer)이 승선하여 그 선박이 국제협약 또는 항만국의 규정에 적합하게 건조, 정비 및 운용되고 있는지를 확인하고 결함사항이 발견된 선박에 대하여 억류 등의 제제조치를 가하는 제도이다. 최근의 항만국통제는 기항 선박에 대한 Target Matrix를 활용한 점검대상 선박 선정, 집중점검프로그램 운용 및 목표 점검율 상향조정 등으로 항만국통제 활동은 점점 더 강화되고 있다. 우리공단 검사선박의 경우 PSC에 의한 출항정지 척수가 2006년 1척, 2007년 2척 그리고 2008년 4척으로 점차 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 따라서 공단 검사선박의 출항정지율 저감을 위한 방안을 개발하기 위하여 Paris MOU, Tokyo MOU 그리고 USCG의 최근 PSC 점검동향과 우리 공단의 검사선박중 출항정지 선박 및 지적된 결함사항에 대하여 조사 분석한 결과 최근 7년간 출항정지 당한 선박 10척중 6척이 도입선과 2척이 탈급선이고 그리고 주요 지적사항으로는 만재흘수선 관련 결함사항이 가장 많이 지적되었음으로 분석되었다. 따라서 그러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 공단 검사선박의 출항정지율 저감을 위한 대책을 검토하고 새로 도입되거나 개선되어야 할 점 등에 대한 안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2022

As the revitalization of the global maritime industry continues, the number of foreign ships navigating the maritime territories of maritime neighboring countries has rapidly increased. However, large-scale marine accidents have occurred, caused by the insufficient establishment of a system for management and operation relative to vessels' safety-condition. To address that, the IMO has granted the right to exercise port state control, especially for foreign vessels, to countries with jurisdiction over maritime territories with strengthening regulations and guidelines. In particular, the Republic of Korea, as a member of the TOKYO MOU, is conducting PSC, but as of 2020, the proportion of foreign ships was three times higher than that of national ships that called in domestic ports. However, the inspection rate was low at 9% which has not met the recommended level by the TOKYO MOU. Thus, this study conducted an IPA analysis as well as content analysis, by collecting the practical opinions and views of PSCO through objective questionnaires and written expert interviews, for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of domestic PSC. As a result, it was derived that the importance and performance related to human factors such as life on board, working environment, and response to safety accidents should be improved in to raise the quality of PSC inspection. Additionally, the work environment and performance of PSC in domestic ports for foreign vessels could be improved, if multifaceted support bases are established, for administrative unification of related tests for PSC, recruitment of PSCO, activation of the defection-reporting system, reorganization of the PSC execution group, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.108-109
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• 2005

The aim of Port State Control(PSC) system is recognized as a proficient mechanism in preventing coastal traffic accident and protecting marine environment. Recently, PSC system is focused on human factor of International Maritime Convention, especially ILO and STCW Convention by considering many accidents resulted from human factor. Therefore, we have to understand of Consolidated Maritime Labour Convention which describes employment conditions and social welfare policy, the rights about the lowest wages, the overdue wages, the unemployment protection. a disaster reward, etc and STCW Convention which describes standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers. The aim of this study is to recognize inspection points about human factor of these Conventions. .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.366-374
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• 2013

Maritime transportation circumstance is changing rapidly in accordance with the increase of cargo volume between countries and increase of marine leisure activities by improvement of quality of life. And the circumstance for ship operation is also changing due to aging of seafarers and increasing of foreign seafarers. To cope with such changes in maritime environment well, it requires higher safety management skills from shipping companies, the main subject in charge of the safety matter. In this paper, we analyzed domestic and foreign similar system, and then applied imitation strategies for introduction of an unific evaluation and management system that was consist of marine accidents, port state control, ISM Code and so on from shipping companies. We defined that the imitation industry and system are converted accident ration of construction industry and traffic safety excellence company of road transportation, and then extracted relevant law, evaluation index, incentive system as a imitation subject. We also proposed scheme that introduction of basis law, and evaluation tool with marine accidents ratio, port state control & ism code result, and incentives such as immunity of safety inspection or reduction of commission for introduction of company's safety management level evaluation system. Finally, we proposed the imitation timing and plan in stages for system's sustainable development through the prompt introduction and continuous enforcement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.98-101
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• 2005

The era of PSC is coming up with the increasing numbers of MOU which is a regional cooperation organization all over the world and this PSC is more likely to be intensified as time goes by. Therefore, the changes of MOU and PSC in the main maritime powers are dealt with and then the system for operating development of PSC meeting all kinds of International maritime conventions and national laws in comparison with other countries is studied in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

해상교총관제는 해상운송에서의 운영적 ${\cdot}$ 환경적 위험을 강소시키기 위한 수단으로써 전 세계 여러 주요 항만과 수역에서 이용되고 있다. 현재 각 국에서는 자국연안에서의 선박통제제도를 적극적으로 실시하고 있으며, 해운의 활성화와 더불어 항만의 안전성 확보를 위하여 각국은 VTS에 관한 국내법을 제정하여 이를 시행하고 있다. 우리나라도 VTS와 관련하여 여러 규정들을 두고 있으나 각 개별입법 내에 산재해 있는 실정이며, VTS를 운영하는 관제요원의 책임과 권한을 명확하게 규정하고 있지 아니하다. 이에 향후 VTS 운영과 관련한 법제의 정비에 관한 논의를 촉진시키는 선행연구로써 현행 VTS 운영과 관련한 법적 문제점을 지적하고 개선방향을 제시한다. 우선 VTS 관제범위에 관한 논의는 국제법적 측면의 법리 정토가 필요하리라 생각되며, VTS 관제요원의 권한과 책임에 있어 적극적 관제에 대한 개념의 정립과 더불어 관제요원의 재인책임과 중과실 경과실에 대한 해상고유의 특성을 반영한 해석이 되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.275-296
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine ways of ensuring the efficiency and stability of import-export logistics in our country by introducing an advance presentation system of vessel manifest. This advance presentation system of vessel manifest has already been introduced in the United States, the EU and China whom our country has actively traded with, and the reinforcement of logistics security is a global trend. Under the circumstances, the introduction of the advance presentation system of vessel manifest is required to assist exporters to properly respond to changing trade practices as early as possible, and it's also necessary to exercise stricter control over an import criminal cargo. Our country should urgently introduce the advance presentation system of vessel manifest that is up to global standard, and the establishment of an internet based manifest consolidation and presentation system and the introduction of an export inspection system of port of loading are requested as well. If all the systems are introduced and work properly, that will make a great contribution to the efficiency of import-export logistics in our country.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.43-61
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• 1999

To ensure ship's safety and preserve the marine environment from ship, IMO(International Maritime Organization) has been making much efforts. Nevertheless there are still many possibilities threatening ship's safety and the marine environment. Many vessels navigate at sea in lack of standard required by the International Convention relevant to ship's safety and the protection of marine environment. Even though the administration is responsible for perfect and continuous control for safety of ship, it cannot has jurisdiction over ships hoist its flag reasonably at all times. So the Port State has strengthened the Port State Control(PSC) activity as one step of eliminating sub-standard vessels. In the light of the fact that mentioned above, this study deals with PSC activity in Korea and port of Pusan. Total 582 ships, inspected in port of Pusan from 1st January 1998 to 30th September 1999, were analyzed in various aspect and extracted results as follows : \circled1 The inspection rate in Korea was much lower than the other states taking part in Tokyo MOU, \circled2 For flag state, the ships belong to flag of convenience(FOC) had much more deficiencies than non-convenience flag ships, \circled3 For ship type, 39 number of general dry cargo ship were detained at Pusan with serious deficiencies, \circled4 For deficiency item, the items such as life saving appliances, safety in general, navigation, load lines and fire-fighting appliances were occupied over 71.7% of total number of deficiencies, \circled5 In Asia-Pacific region, Korea was one of flags with detention percentages exceeding 3-year(1996~1998) rolling average detention percentage. Average detention rate of Korean vessels was 6.73% which was over 0.24% of average detention rate(6.49%) in Asia-Pacific region. These results may reflect to improve the performance of PSC inspection for foreign vessels and are useful for preparing PSC inspection for ocean-going ships registered in Korea.