• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is that investigated the characteristics of integral planning related factors using the history and culture of Mojiko. It is a small city that has been urbanized after the opening of the port for logistics transportation in the modern period of Japan. As the function of the logistics city, which is the factor of the expansion of the town, declined, Mojiko applied the retro concept to the harbor which has lost its popularity due to the regional characteristics of the city to increase and revitalize local visits. Mojiko has steadily promoted the retro style of landscape and town development over 30 years, focusing on 18 Historical buildings and modern infrastructure. We analyzed characteristics of integrated urban planning include the regulation, landscape institution. Moreover, we suggest the result of the designation process of a core scenery maintenance district and the components of the plan after the designation analysis and provide essential data for revitalizing the field based on the historic city for the cultural establishment and beautiful town in the future. And deliver vital data to reviving the area based on the historical city culture establishment and beautiful town in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2010

This study will define the features of the viewpoint that best enables the view of Busan Port from Young-Do. Special focus will be on spatial distribution, the type Busan Port sights that can be experienced from Young-Do, the compositional characteristic of a port landscape and visual characteristic. The results are based on 27 selected viewpoints and are as follows. Firstly, the patterns of the spatial distribution of viewpoints are classified as park, public facility and wayside types. It was found that most viewpoints are located along a wayside. Secondly, the types of Busan Port sights that can be experienced from Young-Do are divided into three kinds: surrounding stand-line type, facing the port and the type of penetrating city. The major type was of penetrating city among the three patterns. The reason for this is that the point of view for Busan Port was changed into a prospect over the sea since city and road sections have been expanding due to the urbanization of Young-Do. Thirdly, the compositional characteristics of the port landscape are divided into three styles: panoramic, corridor, and rooftop. The most frequent type is the rooftop style among the three characteristics. This fact indicates that the picture of Busan Port seen from Young-Do loses continuity of view and that housetops inhibit the sense of distance. Lastly, the visual characteristics of the viewpoint were analyzed. The angles of the declination of the viewpoints are concentrated on the horizontally closed parts. Thirteen points lie between $-3^{\circ}$ and $-1^{\circ}$, and twelve points between $-6^{\circ}$ and $-4^{\circ}$. The visual axes of the depression are two points because sight is interrupted by buildings which are built when the city expands. Two viewpoints for experiencing the optimum landscape of depression should be prepared to ensure continuous preservation of the viewpoints. The sight creates a wide prospect, reaching from 0.2km to 6.4km. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for the landscape plans of port cities including the management and preservation of viewpoints.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.127-151
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• 2014

This study aims to share a methodology for locality reproduction by concretely explaining the theoretical model, procedure, and practice of constructing the Port of Busan Image Digital Archive, based on the photographic and postcard images of the Port of Busan, the representative place of Busan. Among the open-source record management programs, Omeka was chosen in implementing the digital archive because of its suitability for image exhibition. After establishing the principles for archive implementation in accordance with the purpose of the archive, a basic investigation was conducted for the record collection. With the consent of the individuals and institutions that possess the related records on the Port of Busan, such as the National Archives of Korea, the Busan Museum, and the City of Busan, original image artifacts were thus collected. The collected artifacts were then described using the Dublin Core metadata and categorized by time period. The Port of Busan was classified through four distinctive spatial characteristics (transportation, historic, industrial, and living spaces). A total of 11 themes for the exhibition was then suggested. The Busan-Shimonoseki Ferry Boat was chosen as an example exhibition of transportation space.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.825-828
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• 2009

기후변화는 기상재해뿐만 아니라 지속적인 해수면 상승의 원인이 되고 있으며, 자연 생태계화 인간의 사회, 경제시스템 전반에 걸쳐 영향을 미치고 있으며, 건설분야도 이와 무관하지 않다. 특히 기후변화는 해수면 상승으로 이어져 사회기반시설인 항구, 연안도로, 철도, 빌딩 등과 연안산업인 석유 및 석유화학공장, 그리고 서비스업인 관광에 대한 위협으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 해수면 상승은 토지 및 건물의 재산 가치 하락과 해수면 상승에 따른 보호비용 증대, 구조물의 급속한 노후화에 따른 유지관리비용의 증가뿐만 아니라 정치적 제도적 불안 및 사회동요 등을 유발할 수 있다. 우리나라의 경우, 지난 100년간 6대 도시 평균기온이 약 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 상승하였으며, 해수면(제주기준)은 40년간 22cm가 상승하였다. 특히 제주의 경우 매년 5mm씩의 해수면 상승을 보이고 있으며 이는 전 지구 해수면 상승률보다 3배 높은 수치이다. 본 연구는 해수면의 상승에 따른 건설분야의 영향을 분석하기 위한 선도적인 연구로서, 연구의 범위를 제주지역에 국한하였으며, 해수면 상승에 따른 영향 지역을 추출하고, 영향 지역 내 건설시설물 정보를 추출하기 위한 절차를 규명하였다. 본 연구 결과는 유지보수 및 시설물 이설에 따른 공사비 산출의 근거가 될 뿐만 아니라 관련 예산 확보에 대한 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 향후 관련 지역의 유지보수 및 이설 공사비 정보의 추출 및 DB 구축을 통해 연안 건설 시설물의 이설에 따른 공사비를 예측할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.15-28
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• 2016

Port of Busan is Korea's largest trading port processing over 18,000 TEU a year. This rapid growth causes air pollution problems in Busan. Ship emissions are significant air pollution sources and port area is relatively close to the business district, therefore it may have serious effects to the health of local people and environment. In this study, ship emissions are estimated, especially on hotelling large vessels. As a result, Port of Busan has 50,686, 48,842 ship calls and 2,343,037 and 2,297,118 tons of ship emissions in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Also, the environmental cost in Port of Busan is approximately 1.2 trillion won per year. This study emphasizes the necessity of ship emissions regulation, hence, it is expected to make a significant contribution in setting up ship emission management system.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.149-160
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• 2008

Offshore pile foundations are prone to lateral soil pressures resulting from embankment construction for the reclamation on deepwater soft clay. Since the 1990s, offshore reclamation has actively progressed in Korea, connecting with the development of Songdo newtown, Incheon newport, and Busan newport representatively. Special attention has been given to lateral soil-structure interaction problems related to passively-loaded offshore pile foundations. Based on a plane strain large deformation finite element (LDFE) approach, this paper presents the results of investigation into undrained (short-term) and drained (long-term) behavior of passively-loaded offshore pile foundations. This study examines the effects of major factors, such as soil profile, pile head boundary condition, magnitude of embankment load, and average degree of consolidation. The results allowed quantification of differences in the magnitude of lateral soil pressure acting on the piles between undrained and drained phases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.488-496
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• 2017

Emissions of pollutants from ship-based sources are controlled by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Since pollutants emitted from ship may be dispersed to the land, controlling emissions from ships is necessary for efficient air quality management in Incheon, where exposure to ship-based pollution is frequent. It has been noted that the ratios of air pollutant emissions from coastal areas to inland areas are about 14% for NOx and 10% for SOx. The air quality of coastal urban areas is influenced by the number of ships present and the dispersion pattern of the pollutants released depending on the local circulation system. In this study, the dispersion of pollutants from ship-based sources was analyzed using the numerical California Puff Model (CALPUFF) based on a meteorological field established using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Air pollutant dispersion modeling around coastal urban regions such as Incheon should consider point and line sources emitted from both anchored and running ships, respectively. The total average NOx emissions from 82-84 ships were 6.2 g/s and 6.8 g/s, entering and leaving, respectively. The total average SOx emissions from 82-84 ships, entering and leaving, were 3.6 g/s and 5.1 g/s, respectively. The total average emissions for NOx and SOx from anchored ships were 0.77 g/s and 1.93 g/s, respectively. Due to the influence of breezes from over land, the transport of pollutants from Incheon Port to inland areas was suppressed, and the concentration of NOx and SOx inland were temporarily reduced. NOx and SOx were diffused inland by the sea breeze, and the concentration of NOx and SOx gradually increased inland. The concentration of pollutants in the area adjacent to Incheon Port was more influenced by anchored ship in the port than sea breezes. We expect this study to be useful for setting emission standards and devising air quality policies in coastal urban regions.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.215-228
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• 2017

Taking a look at recent trends of port cities, many port cities in the world have been shedding new light on the function being kept by existing port spaces, caused by changes of industrial structure according to the stream of the times, developments of surrounding areas, and etc., and we can see that its meaning also has been changing. However, in case of domestic port spaces they are in the real situation not responding to those movements quickly. Therefore, unlike the existing zoning system dividing functionally urban spaces according to use simply, in this study FBCs getting the timelight recently as a system capable of reflecting spatial characteristics at the maximum have been utilized as a measure for solving current problems of urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to propose the direction of urban planning approach that harmonizes the whole harbor space by strengthening the interlinkage between heterogeneous spaces of port area and port area using FBCs. FBCs are institutional devices that are proposed and implemented in the United States to reflect the unique characteristics of the space, that is, the location and the uniqueness, and the pedestrian-oriented space planning.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of high risk Human papilloma virus (HPV), Herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (HSV-1,2), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection with sexual transmitted viral diseases in Busan during 2004 to 2005. six hundred seventy four samples of cervical swabs were tested for sexually transmitted viral diseases. Among the isolated viruses, 23 (3.4%) samples were HPV and 3 (0.4%) and 9 (1.3%) samples were HSV 1 and 2, respectively. Among the 586 serum samples tested for viruses, HSV IgM 121 (3.6%), HSV-1 IgG 487 (83.1%), HSV-2 IgG 135 (23.0%), HBsAg 26 (4.4%), HBeAg 7 (1.2%), and HIV (0%) types were found. HPV genotypes were detected in 16 patients, of which 13 cases were high risk type HPV, 3 cases were low risk type HPV, and multi infection were detected in 7 cases. In the age distribution of the patients, 7.2% of infection tested from cervical swabs occurred in under the age of 20, while 100% of infection was found to occur in those who were 40 years old or older in the serum samples. The outbreak pattern in their occupations was found to be the highest at the health organization (amusement quarter) for the cervical swabs, and at infirmary (commercial sex worker) for the serum samples, respectively.