• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

The global activities to reduce the $CO_2$ emission as a greenhouse gas have been various efforts. Under this circumstance, small and medium sized gas field containing $CO_2$ to develop as LNG is not economic feasibility. Particularly, for the separation of $CO_2$ in gas field, separation facilities should be installed to add. This is and increase in plant construction cost and separated $CO_2$ emission into the atmosphere is not the result of greenhouse gas reduction. When the uneconomic gas field apply the KOGAS DME process, the gas field containing $CO_2$ can be increase economic feasibility because of natural gas and $CO_2$ can be use to resource gas. The Tri-reformer produced syngas as H2 and CO in KOGAS DME process and the resource gases are natural gas, steam, oxygen and $CO_2$. The $CO_2$ is used as raw material gases from recover $CO_2$ in DME process. In this study, we investigated range of application of $CO_2$ in gas field.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 2012

Increasing demand for natural gas and higher natural gas prices in the recent decades have led many people to pursue unconventional methods of natural gas production. POSCO-Gwangyang synthetic natural gas (SNG) project was launched in 2010. As the market price of natural gas goes up, the increase of its price gets more sensitive due to the high cost of transportation and liquefaction. This project can make the SNG economically viable. In parallel with this project, KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) joined in launching the SNG Quality Standard Bureau along with KOGAS (Korea Gas Corporation), POSCO and so on. KEPCO Research Institute is in charge of SNG fueled gas turbine combustion test. In this research, several combustion tests were conducted to find out the effect of hydrogen contents in SNG on gas turbine combustion. The hydrogen in synthetic natural gas did not affect on gas turbine combustion characteristics which are turbine inlet temperature including pattern factor and emission performance. However, flame stable region in ${\Phi}$-Air flow rate map was shifted to the lean condition due to autocatalytic effect of hydrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

The physical properties of DME(Dimethyl Ether) are very similar to LPG and well-mixed. As cetane number of DME is similar to diesel fuel that can replace diesel fuel and alternative energy. DME is a clean energy source that can be manufactured from various raw materials such as natural gas, CBM(Coal Bed Methane) and biomass. DME has no carbon-carbon bond in its molecular structure and its combustion essentially generates no soot as well as no SOx. The development of DME process in KOGAS have 4 section. First, syngas section can be manufactured various syngas ratio. This completes the tri-reforming process for the synthesis gas ratio of approximately 4.0 to 1.0 range can be adjusted. Second, $CO_2$ is removed from the $CO_2$ removal section of about 92~99%, so the maximum concentration of $CO_2$ entering the DME synthesis reactor should not exceed 8%. Third, in the DME synthesis section, if the temperature of DME reactor increases, the activity of DME catalyst increased. but for the long-term activity is desirable to maintain the proper temperature. Finally, the purity of DME in the DME purification section is over 99.6%.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2014

The synthesis of Fischer-Tropsch oil is the catalytic hydrogenation of CO to give a range of products, which can be used for the production of high-quality diesel fuel, gasoline and linear chemicals. Our cobalt catalyst was prepared Co/alumina, Co/silica and Co/titania by the incipient wetness impregnation of the nitrates of cobalt with supports. Co-based catalysts was calcined at $400^{\circ}C$ before being loaded into the FT reactors. After the reduction of catalyst has carried out under $450^{\circ}C$, FT reaction of the catalyst has carried out at GHSV of 4,000 under $200^{\circ}C$ and 20atm. From test results, the order of increasing activity for the catalyst was Co/alumina > Co/silica > Co/titania. When the content of Co metal such as 5, 12, 20 and 30wt% was changed, an CO conversion increased as the content of Co metal increased. The activity of catalyst has obtained the best value at 12wt% Co content.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.150-163
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• 2015

Gasification technology is one of the representative next-generation fossil fuel utilization technologies, converting low grade fossil fuels such as coal, heavy residue oil, pet-coke into highly clean and efficient energy sources. Accordingly, related market demand for gasification technology is ever increasing steadily and rapidly. A few years ago, conventional pulverized coal utilization technology had an edge over the gasification technology but the most significant technical barrier of limited capacity and availability has been largely overcome nowadays. Futhermore, it will be more competitive in the future with the advancement of related technologies such as gas turbine, ion transfer membrane and so on. China has recently completed a commercialization-capable large-scale coal gasification technology for its domestic market expansion and foreign export, rapidly becoming a newcomer in the field and competing with existing US and EU technical leadership at comparable terms. Techno-economic aspect deserves intensive attention and steady R&D efforts need to continue in organized, considering that gasification technology is quite attractive combined with $CO_2$ capture process and coal to SNG plant is economically viable in Korea where natural gas is very expensive. In the present paper, recent technology development and commercialization trend of many leading companies with coal gasification expertise have been reviewed with significant portion of literature cited from the recently held '2014 Gasification Technology Conference'.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a new clean fuel as an environmentally-benign energy resource. DME can be manufactured from various energy sources including natural gas, coal, biomass and spent plastic. In addition to its environmentally friendly properties, DME has similar characteristics to those of LPG. Therefore, it is considered as an excellent substitute fuel for LPG, fuel cells, power plant, and especially diesel and is expected to be the alternative fuel by 2010. The experimental study of the direct synthesis of DME was investigated under various conditions over a temperature range of $220{\sim}280^{\circ}C$, syngas ratio 1.2~3.0. All experiments were carried out with a hybrid catalyst, composed of a methanol synthesis catalyst ($Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3$) and a dehydration catalyst (${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$). The observed reaction rate follows qualitatively a Langmiur-Hinshellwood model as the reaction mechanism. Such a mechanism is considered with three reactions; methanol synthesis, methanol dehydration and water gas shift reaction. From a surface reaction with dissociative adsorption of hydrogen, methanol, and water, individual reaction rate was determined.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.420-424
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• 2019

In SNG (synthetic natural gas) process by proposed RIST(Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology)-IAE(Institute for Advanced Engineering) (including three adiabatic reactors and one isothermal reactor), the methanation reaction and water gas shift (WGS) reaction take place simultaneously, and the supply of steam with syngas might control the temperature in catalyst bed and deactivate the catalyst. In this study for development of SNG process, the characteristics of the methanation reaction with a Ni-based catalyst by prepared RIST and using a low $H_2/CO$ mole ratio (including $CO_2$ 22%) are evaluated. The operating conditions ($H_2O/CO$ ratio of the $1^{st}$ adiabatic reactor, operating temperature range of $4^{th}$ isothermal reactor, etc.) were reflected the results from previous studies and in the same condition a pilot scale SNG process is carried out. As a results, the pilot scale SNG process is stable and the CO conversion and $CH_4$ selectivity are 100% and 96.9%, respectively, while the maximum $CH_4$ productivity is $660ml/g_{cat}{\cdot}h$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.307-310
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• 2010

The research for production of jet fuel from petroleum displacement resources such as bio-mass, coal, natural gas mainly consists of three sub-research areas; the fisrt step is the pretreatment for producing a synthetic gas, and the next step is the Fischer-Trophsh reaction process for making hydrocarbons. The last is the upgrading technology for the hydrocarbons to fit a jet fuel specification via cracking and isomerization reactions. This talk presents reaserch trends and main technologies for production of jet fuel derived from petroleum displacement resources.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.75.1-75.1
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• 2011

Coal gasification is considered as one of the most prospective technologies in energy field since it can be utilized for various products such as electricity, SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas or Substitute Natural Gas) and other chemical products. Among those products from coal gasification, SNG is emerging as a very lucrative product due to the rising prices of oil and natural gas, especially in Asian countries. The process of SNG production is very similar to the conventional IGCC in that the overall process is highly dependent on the type of gasifier and coal rank. However, there are some differences between SNG production and IGCC, which is that SNG plant requires higher oxygen purity from oxygen plant and more complex gas cleanup processes including water-gas shift reaction and methanation. Water-gas shift reaction is one of the main process in SNG plant because it is a starting point for the latter gas cleanup processes. For the methanation process, syngas is required to have a composition of $H_2$/CO = 3. This study reviewed various considerations for water-gas shift process in a conceptual design on an early stage like a feasibility study for a real project. The factors that affect the design parameters of water-gas shift reaction include the coal properties, the type of gasifier, the overall thermal efficiency of the plant and so on. Water-gas shift reaction is a relatively proven technology compared to the other processes in SNG plant so that it can reduce technological variability when designing a SNG project.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.816-819
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• 2007

국내에서 IGCC 플랜트의 복합발전시스템의 평가는 여러 분야별로 진행되어 왔다. 크게 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째는 가스터빈 쪽의 기술이다. 즉, 기존 천연가스를 이용하는 가스터빈을 어떻게 하면 석탄가스를 사용하는 IGCC 플랜트에 적합하게 맞출 것인가 하는 문제이다. 두 번째는 효율을 어떻게 하면 높일 수 있는가의 문제로서 석탄의 종류, 가스화 방법을 효율적으로 선택, HRSG(heat recovery steam generator)를 효율적으로 설계, 그리고 정제공정에서의 에너지 소비를 줄이는 분야였다. 세 번째는 어떻게 하면 오염을 줄일까의 문제로서 질소나 스팀 분사를 연계하여 NOx를 감소시키고 정제 공정에 사용되는 촉매를 개발한다던지 공정을 발달시키는 분야였다. 이 외에도 여러 종류의 연구가 이 분야에서 있었으나 주로 설계 분야의 연구가 주되였다. 이것은 발전소의 건설을 위한 초기 단계로서 당연한 결과일 수 있다. 그러나, 지금 IGCC 플랜트가 건설되는 과정에 있으므로 우리나라 전력계통 연계와의 문제도 생각해보아야 한다고 생각한다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 IGCC 플랜트 운영의 불확실성이 약간이라도 존재하기에 이 플랜트가 기저발전 보다는 첨두발전 쪽이나 태양열/광발전, 풍력발전 등 다른 신재생에너지 자원처럼 독립된 전력 시스템으로 운영될 것이라 생각하고 이렇게 운영될 때는 발전소의 부하률의 변화가 심할 수 있다는 가정하에 플랜트의 부하률에 따른 석탄의 합성가스, 연료가스 전환량 및 전환효율 및 발전량 및 발전효율을 전산모사를 통해 예측해보았다.