Journal of Energy Engineering (에너지공학)

The Korean Society for Energy (한국에너지학회)
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The Newest Technology Development and Commercialization Status of Coal Gasification

석탄가스화 기술의 최신 개발 동향 및 상업화 현황

  • 이진욱 (고등기술연구원 플랜트 엔지니어링 본부) ;
  • 윤용승 (고등기술연구원 플랜트 엔지니어링 본부) ;
  • 강원석 (한국지역난방공사 중앙연구원)
  • Received : 2015.01.09
  • Accepted : 2015.09.16
  • Published : 2015.09.30
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Abstract

Gasification technology is one of the representative next-generation fossil fuel utilization technologies, converting low grade fossil fuels such as coal, heavy residue oil, pet-coke into highly clean and efficient energy sources. Accordingly, related market demand for gasification technology is ever increasing steadily and rapidly. A few years ago, conventional pulverized coal utilization technology had an edge over the gasification technology but the most significant technical barrier of limited capacity and availability has been largely overcome nowadays. Futhermore, it will be more competitive in the future with the advancement of related technologies such as gas turbine, ion transfer membrane and so on. China has recently completed a commercialization-capable large-scale coal gasification technology for its domestic market expansion and foreign export, rapidly becoming a newcomer in the field and competing with existing US and EU technical leadership at comparable terms. Techno-economic aspect deserves intensive attention and steady R&D efforts need to continue in organized, considering that gasification technology is quite attractive combined with $CO_2$ capture process and coal to SNG plant is economically viable in Korea where natural gas is very expensive. In the present paper, recent technology development and commercialization trend of many leading companies with coal gasification expertise have been reviewed with significant portion of literature cited from the recently held '2014 Gasification Technology Conference'.

가스화 기술은 석탄, 중질잔사유, 펫코크, 등의 저급 화석연료를 고효율 및 고청정으로 활용할 수 있는 대표적인 차세대 화석연료 활용기술로서 관련 시장은 지속적으로 그리고 급속도로 팽창하고 있다. 수년전만 하더라도 기존 미분탄 활용 기술에 비하여 대용량화 및 이용률 등의 한계가 지적되어 왔으나 최근에는 이러한 한계들이 대부분 극복되고 있으며, 미래에는 가스터빈 또는 산소제조를 위한 이온전달 멤브레인 등의 관련 기술의 지속적인 발전으로 인하여 보다 경쟁력이 있는 기술이 될 것으로 예상된다. 초기에는 미국과 유럽에서 기술 개발 및 시장을 주도하여 왔으며 최근에는 중국이 매우 빠른 속도로 대용량화 기술 개발을 완료하여 자국에서 시장 확대 및 외국으로의 진출을 노리고 있다. 특히 석탄가스화 기술은 이산화탄소 포집 기술을 포함할 경우 매우 매력적인 기술이며, 우리나라와 같이 천연가스 가격이 비싼 나라에서는 석탄가스화에 의한 천연가스 생산 플랜트가 지금도 충분한 경제성을 가진다는 점 등을 고려하면 석탄가스화 기술은 지속적으로 관심을 가져야 하는 기술이다. 이에 본고에서는 가스화 기술에 관한 세계 최대의 컨퍼런스인 2014 가스화 기술 컨퍼런스에서의 자료와 최신 자료들을 활용하여 주요 기술 보유 업체들의 최근의 기술개발 및 상업화 동향을 살펴보았다.

Keywords

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