• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Telomeres consisting of (TTAGGG)n tandem repeat DNA sequences and associated proteins are essential for chromosome stability and related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. The telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which act as a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. This study was carried out to identify the distribution of telomeres on mouse chromosomes and also to analyze the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity of mouse embryos at early embryonic stages. Germ cells and early embryos from 1 cell to blastocyst stage were analyzed. The amount of telomeres was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization technique(Q-FISH) using a human telomeric DNA probe, and telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay(TRAP). In results, the telomeres on mouse chromosomes were distributed at the ends of all autosomes and sex chromosomes. Although the quantity of telomeres varied among chromosomes, most of chromosomes had higher amount in q-arm telomeres than in p-arm telomeres. The results of Q-FISH indicated that the relative amount of telomeres of mouse embryos in each embryonic stage was approximately the same except the higher amount in blastocysts. Using TRAP assay on mouse embryos, telomerase activity was detected in all preimplantation stages from mature oocytes to blastocysts. Especially the telomerase activity was significantly increased at the morula and blastocyst stage. In conclusion, there may be a close association between the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity in early embryonic stages, and analysis of telomere quantity and telomerase activity on early development will be helpful for the investigation of embryogenesis and embryonic cell differentiation in mice.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 1985

To examine the effects of different levels of soil moisture on dry matter production and chemical compositions of sorghum cv. Pioneer 931, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cv. Pioneer 988, sudangrass cv. Piper, and corn cv. Suweon 19. Soil moisture contents were maintained with approximately 100, 80 and 40% of field moisture capacity. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The highest dry matter yields per plant were found at 60% soil moisture level with 176.2g, 180.8g and 164.0g for pioneer 931, Pioneer 988 and corn, respectively. 2. Dry matter accumulation in accordance with soil moisture levels and growth stages of all crops except sudangrass were in the order of 60>40>80>100% soil moisture level. 3. The highest absolute growth rate (AGR) of sorghum, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and corn was shown at 60% soil moisture level, that of sudangrass was shown at 80% soil moisture level. The relative growth rate (RGR) of all crops was high in the early growing stage and was low at maturity. The highest net assimilation rate (NAR) of all crops was found at 60% soil moisture level with $72-467g/m^2/day$ from June 29 to July 5. 4. The higher crude fiber content in leaf of Pioneer 931 was shown at 100% and 80% soil moisture levels with 28.6-28.8%, that of corn had no significant difference among soil moisture levels. The crude protein content in leaf of all crops was 14.2-21.6% at 60% soil moisture level, 13.8-16.0% at 40% soil moisture level, and 7.3-13.9% at above 80% soil moisture levels, respectively. 5. The crude fiber content in stern of all crops and all soil moisture levels was 24.6-36.7%, and the crude protein content in stem was 2.5-5.3% in dry matter basis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2012

Purpose: This purpose of study is to investigate the effect of UV-A-blocking or brown-tinted ophthalmic lens against A2E photooxidation which known as one of the etiologies of AMD(Age-related macular degenaration). Methods: The photooxidation of A2E, synthetic product of two molecules of all-trans-retinal and ethanolamine, was induced by the exposure to blue light (420~470 nm, $94mW/cm^2$) for 3 minutes. The inhibitory effect of UVblocking or brown-tinted ophthalmic lens against A2E photooxidation was evaluated by UV absorbance and HPLC analysis of remained A2E after the exposure to blue light. Results: UV-blocking ophthalmic lens could not inhibit A2E photooxidation induced by blue light irradiation. There was no difference in A2E photooxidation in the presence of brown-tinted ophthalmic lens to block 15% of visible ray, however, those lenses blocking 55% or 86% of visible ray showed the inhibitory effect of A2E photooxidation as 9.98% and 16.55%, respectively. By HPLC analysis, the amount of residual A2E which was not blocked by any lens was $199.29{\pm}26.53{\mu}M$, however, the inhibitory effect against A2E photooxidation was shown in the presence of brown-tinted lens. The remained A2Es were $264.58{\pm}31.91{\mu}M$ and $402.93{\pm}28.68{\mu}M$ in brown-tinted lenses of 55% and 86% blocking visible ray, respectively. However, there was no inhibitory effect against A2E photooxidation in the case of UV-blocking lens by HPLC analysis. Conclusions: In this study, brown-tinted ophthalmic lens was confirmed to have the inhibitory effect against the photooxidation of A2E, a causing substance of AMD onset.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2010

Foliage residue toxicity experiment was performed against honeybee (Apis mellifera) with bifenthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with strong acute contact toxicity and imidacloprid, a neo-nicotinoid insecticide with strong acute oral toxicity to know the honeybee toxicity at the residue level on the leaves of alfalfa and apple. Also, the formulation differences to honeybee toxicity were investigated with WP (2%) and EC (1%) of bifenthrin and WP (10%) and SL (4%) of imidacloprid. Generally, foliage residual toxicity of honeybee and residual amounts of tested insecticides was higher in alfalfa leaves with large leaf area per unit weight than in apple leaves. While on the other hand, the only bifenthrin WP treatment showed higher honeybee toxicity on apple leaves than alfalfa. Although imidacloprid showed higher residue amounts ranged $4.9{\sim}25.4\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ than bifenthrin ranged $0.6{\sim}12.7\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ on the leaves, the residual toxicity to honeybee was lower than bifenthrin because of its strong penetration character. In conclusion, the residual toxicity of insecticide to honeybee could be affected by the contact and vaporized toxicity of chemical, the residual amounts on the surface of leaves, and the leaf area per unit weight and formulation differences.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

The cultivation area of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has been increased for oil production and landscaping purpose in Korea. However, as the color of rapeseed flower is very simple, diversified flower color is necessary to improve landscape effect. Interspecific and intergeneric crosses between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and three Cruciferae crops were performed in order to grow diverse flower color of rapeseed. The silique formation rate of interspecific cross rapeseed with cabbage (B. oleracea L) was relatively high (65.8%) and higher than intergeneric cross with rapeseed and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), rapeseed and Orychophragmus, respectively. During silique developing period after artificial pollination, there were many siliques without seeds due to the failure of fertilization. The average number of seed per silique obtained from cross rapeseed and cabbage, rapeseed and radish, rapeseed and O. violaceus were 0.12, 0.4 and 0.12, respectively. The phenotypes of $F_1$ hybrid plants from cross rapeseed and Cruciferae crops were mostly similar to maternal line, but leaf length and leaf width were increased. The interspecific cross of rapeseed and cabbage generated ivory color of flower which is the medium color of parents, and intergeneric cross of rapeseed and O. violaceus created entities with larger flowers which seems to enhance landscape effect. The fatty acid composition of most hybrid seeds intermediated of the two parents for oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, content. Whereas hybrid of rapeseed and radish produced less erucic acid than radish parent.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.375-380
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• 2003

This study was carried out 1) to investigate the pH effect on solubilization of phenanthrene by biosurfactant in aqueous system and 2) to evaluate the pH effect on the biodegradation rate of phenanthrene in the presence and the absence of the biosurfactant by phenanthrene degraders. Tween 80, which is a chemically synthesized surfactant, showed greater solubilizing capacity than rhamnolipid. The solubilization capacity can be expressed as a MSR(molar solubilization ratio=moles of organic compounds solubilized per mole of surfactant). The calculated MSR of Tween 80 and rhamnolipid were 0.1449 and 0.0425 respectively. The kinetic study of phenanthrene solubilization by rhamnolipid showed that solubilization mechanism could reach equilibrium within 24 hours. Addition of 240 ppm rhamnolipid solution, which concentration is 4.3 times of Critical Micelle Concentration(CMC), caused 9 times solubility enhancement compared to water solubility. The highest solubilities were detected around a pH range of 4.5-5.5. Changes in apparent solubility with the changes in pH are possibly related to the fact that the rhamnolipid, an anionic surfactant, can form different structures depending on the pH. Two biodegradation experiments were performed in the absence and the presence of rhamnolipid, with the cell growth investigated using a spread plate method. The specific growth rates at pH 6 and 7 were higher than at the other pH, and the HPLC analysis data, for the total phenanthrene loss, confirmed the trends in the $\mu$(specific growth rate) values. In presence of rhamnolipid, maximum $\mu$ values shifted from around pH 5 which showed maximum enhancement of solubility in the abiotic experiment, compared to the $\mu$ values obtained without the biosurfactant. In this study, the increase in the observed specific grow rate(1.44 times) was not as high as the increase in solubilization(5 times). This was supported by the fact all the solubilized phenanthrene is not bioavailable to microorganisms.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2008

Background: With increasing coronary bypass and peripheral vascular surgeries, the demand for homologous vascular or synthetic conduits has continued to grow, but wide-spread application has been limited by dismal patency rates. Although cryopreserved allograft valves may provide a suitable alternative, current viability or patency of implanted allograft vascular conduits has been unsatisfactory. Material and Method: We serially analyzed the outcomes of canine femoral artery and saphenous vein allograft implants after storage in either $4^{\circ}C\;or\;-170^{\circ}C$. Result: There were no differences in graft flow rate (patency) (p=0.264), rate of thrombosis (p=0.264), presence of endothelium (p=0.587), or immunohistochemical staining for thrombomodulin (p=0.657) were detected between grafts stored in $4^{\circ}C\;and\;-170^{\circ}C$. Greater flow occurred in the arterial grafts versus the venous grafts (p=0.030), irrespective of the preservation method, with a significantly lower incidence of thrombosis (p=0.030) in arterial allografts. There was a correlation coefficient of -0.654 between thrombosis and positive immunohistochemical staining for thrombomodulin (p=0.006) and a correlation coefficient of 0.520 (p=0.0049) between the endothelial presence and positive immunohistochemical staining for thrombomodulin. The relationship between the presence of endothelium and thrombomodulin expression failed to show any correlation within the first 2 weeks (p=0.306). However, a strong correlation was seen after 1 month (p=0.0008). Conclusion: Tissue storage in either $4^{\circ}C\;or\;-170^{\circ}C$ in 10% DMSO/RPMI-1640 preservation solution preserved grafts equally well. In terms of thrombosis and graft patency, arterial grafts were superior to venous grafts. Considering the poor correlation between thrombomodulin expression and the presence of an endothelium in the implanted graft within the first two weeks, grafts in this period would not be thromboresistant.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find the preventive medical and therapeutic effects of Sarcodon asparatus on adult disease by employing several biological and biochemical assays. Nitrate scavenging ability(NSA) of Sarcodan asparatus extracts was displayed up to 99.9% at pH 1.2 in a dose-dependent manner. They also had 90.4% electron donating ability(EDA) at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Extracts of Sarcodon asparatus were also able to function as a powerful antioxidant at all concentrations(0.01∼l.0 mg/mL). Furthermore, we observed that 1 mg/mL concentration of the extracts was more powerful than BHT, With respect to fibrolytic activity, Sarcodon asparatus showed 1,843.8 unit/g, which was higher than streptokinase(1,189 unit/g). The inhibitory effects of the extracts on angiotensin converting enzyme, measured by the normal and pretreatment methods, were 53 and 58%, respectively. We also performed cytotoxicity effect of Sarcodon asparatus extracts on a various cancer cell lines. The growth inhibitory effects of the extracts(5.0 mg/mL) on A549, HeLa, AGS, and SK-Hep-1 cells were 78.9, 55.3, 69.0, and 42.5 %, respectively. Interestingly, Sarcodon asparatusextracts induced mutation on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 when Ames test was done.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1999

Some of the information concerning sexual function in the male diabetes has been focused upon the problems of endocrine or semen parameters. However, the characteristics of acrosome reaction and spermatozoa concentration at the epididymis and vas deferens have scarcely been studied, and the causes of the infertility has not been critically identified. So, we designed to inspect the spermatozoa concentration and the characteristics of acrosome reaction at epididymis and vas deferens of diabetic Wistar rat induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg, ip). Experimental animal was sacrificed at 3 days and 14 days after the STZ injection. In the diabetes-induced rat, the levels of insulin and glucose had a pattern of inverse proportion. The spermatozoa concentrations in caput and corpus epididymis were significantly decreased in all diabetic condition. In cauda epididymis, however, there was significant decrease in sperm concentration at 14 days onward. In diabetic rat, the spontaneous reaction rate of spermatozoa of cauda and vas deferens were significantly higher than the control group. The ARIC (acrosome reaction to ionophore challenge) value of caudal sperm was 28.7 at control, 22.1 at 3 days, and 8.3 at 14 days. In the present study the spermatozoa concentration was decreased and the spontaneous reaction rate was increased by diabetes. In ARIC-test, it is revealed that the fertility of spermatozoa of 14 days group was lower than control or 3 days group. Diabetes mellitus may be provoke the decreased fertilization rate and subsequent infertility and subsequent infertility.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

In the case of adhesives & restoration agents currently being used for the preservation treatment of ceramics and earthenware, epoxy type, cellulose type and cellulose type are mainly being used. However, they are showing various problems such as re-detachment from severe contraction, color change from yellowing, work inconvenience of staining on tools and hand during usage and irreversibility. For the purpose of solving the issues of yellowing and irreversibility of epoxy resin being used to restore ceramics, urethane synthetic resin with low yellowing excellent reversibility has been developed in this study. The adhesive strength of urethane resin that has been developed has excellent properties with 2.07MPa for undiluted solution, which is 1.5 times higher than that of existing material EPO-$TEK301^{(R)}$ 1.21MPa. The result of workability measurement showed that the wear rate of urethane resin (in Talc 50wt%) was 1.09%, which was somewhat higher than that of existing material Quick $Wood^{(R)}$ (1.02%). In addition, its wear rate is two times higher than that of $EPO-TEK301^{(R)}$ (0.41%) and $L30^{(R)}$ (0.39%), thereby showing an advantage in its forming process compared to existing materials. As for the advantage of urethane resin of reversibility experiment, 12 hours after acetone, ethyl alcohol deposition, urethane resin and filler talc were dissolved 100% while showing powdering phenomenon. Compared to 0% reversibility of existing epoxy resin, it has much superior reversibility. The result of UV rays experiment to evaluate its durability showed that ${\Delta}E^*ab$ color change value based on undiluted solution of urethane resin was 2.76 before & after UV rays exposure, which was a decrease by about 7-20 times compared to that of existing resin, thereby minimizing the issue of heterogeneity.