Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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Development of Flower Color Changed Landscape Plant through Interspecific and Intergeneric Crosses of Several Cruciferae Crops

십자화과 작물의 종속간 교배를 통한 화색변화 경관용 자원식물 개발

  • Kim, Kwang-Soo (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Park, Won (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Lee, Yong-Hwa (Division for Korea Program on International Agriculture (KOPIA), Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Eun (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Moon, Youn-Ho (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Cha, Young-Lok (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Song, Yeon-Sang (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science)
  • 김광수 (국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 박원 (국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 이영화 (농촌진흥청 기술협력국 국외농업기술과) ;
  • 이지은 (국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 문윤호 (국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 차영록 (국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 송연상 (국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소)
  • Received : 2017.08.05
  • Accepted : 2017.11.14
  • Published : 2018.02.28
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Abstract

The cultivation area of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has been increased for oil production and landscaping purpose in Korea. However, as the color of rapeseed flower is very simple, diversified flower color is necessary to improve landscape effect. Interspecific and intergeneric crosses between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and three Cruciferae crops were performed in order to grow diverse flower color of rapeseed. The silique formation rate of interspecific cross rapeseed with cabbage (B. oleracea L) was relatively high (65.8%) and higher than intergeneric cross with rapeseed and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), rapeseed and Orychophragmus, respectively. During silique developing period after artificial pollination, there were many siliques without seeds due to the failure of fertilization. The average number of seed per silique obtained from cross rapeseed and cabbage, rapeseed and radish, rapeseed and O. violaceus were 0.12, 0.4 and 0.12, respectively. The phenotypes of $F_1$ hybrid plants from cross rapeseed and Cruciferae crops were mostly similar to maternal line, but leaf length and leaf width were increased. The interspecific cross of rapeseed and cabbage generated ivory color of flower which is the medium color of parents, and intergeneric cross of rapeseed and O. violaceus created entities with larger flowers which seems to enhance landscape effect. The fatty acid composition of most hybrid seeds intermediated of the two parents for oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, content. Whereas hybrid of rapeseed and radish produced less erucic acid than radish parent.

우리나라에서 유채는 식용유 생산과 경관을 목적으로 매년 재배면적이 증가하고 있다. 하지만 유채 꽃의 색상은 노란색으로 매우 단순하기 때문에 경관효과를 높이기 위해서는 유채 꽃색의 다양화가 필요하다. 유채 꽃색을 다양화하기 위해 유채와 십자화과 식물을 대상으로 종 속간교배를 실시한 결과, 유채와 양배추 종간 인공교배에서 꼬투리 형성율이 65.8%로 비교적 높았으며, 유채와 무, 유채와 소래풀 등 속간 교배조합에서의 꼬투리 형성율은 각각 39.5%와 42.3%로 낮았다. 인공수분 후 꼬투리가 발달하는 시기에 이종간 교잡 불화합성 때문에 종자 결실율이 매우 낮으며 꼬투리 당 생산된 평균 종자수는 유채와 양배추 교배조합에서 0.12개였으며, 유채와 무는 0.40개, 유채와 소래풀은 0.12개였다. 종속간 교배에 의해 생산된 $F_1$ 잡종식물체의 외부 표현형질은 잎의 형태와 꽃의 색은 모계인 유채와 유사하였으나, 잎의 길이와 폭 등이 전반적으로 커진 것으로 나타났다. 유채와 양배추의 종간교배에서 꽃의 색이 양친의 중간인 미색으로 피는 개체가 나타났고, 유채와 소래풀의 속간 교배에서는 꽃의 크기가 커진 개체가 생겨 이 개체들을 육종재료로 이용하면 경관효과를 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 대부분의 $F_1$ 잡종종자의 올레인산, 리놀레산 및 리놀렌산 등의 지방산 조성은 양친의 중간 정도였으나, 유채와 무의 $F_1$ 잡종종자의 지방산 중 에루진산은 화분친인 무에 비교하여 급격하게 감소하였다.

Keywords

References

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