• 방재와보험
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• s.93
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• pp.41-43
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• 2002

본 자료는 캐나다국립연구원 산하 건설연구소에 근무하는 김기홍 박사를 초청, '소화설비의 최근 개발 동향' 이란 주제로 열린 세미나에서 발표한 내용을 정리한 것으로, 최근 할론소화약제가 단계적으로 사용 금지 됨에 따라 새로 개발된 소화설비들 중에서 할로카본 소화약제에 관해 소개하고자 한다.

• 방재와보험
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• s.108
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

지구 오존층 파괴로 인한 환경문제에 대응하기 위해 생산이 제한되고 사용상의 규제가 강화된 할론을 대체할 소화약제와 소화설비에 관심이 모아지고 있다. 국내 기술기준인 NFSC 107A와 선진 외국기준인 NFPA 2001을 비교.분석을 통한 문제점과 개선안을 제시하는 것이야 말로 화재의 진압과 확산을 막는 길일 것이다.

• 방재와보험
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• s.107
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• pp.22-27
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• 2005

지구 오존층 파괴로 인한 환경문제에 대응하기 위해 생산이 제한되고 사용상의 규제가 강화된 할론을 대체할 소화약제와 소화설비에 관심이 모아지고 있다. 국내 기술기준인 NFPA 107A와 선진 외국기준인 NFPA 2001을 비교.분석을 통한 문제점과 개선안을 제시하는 것이야 말로 화재의 진압과 확산을 막는 길일 것이다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.51-55
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• 2019

To prevent ozone depletion caused by CFCs, the replacement of Halon with clean agents has been developed in the fire protection field along with refrigerants, detergents, and foaming agents. The alternatives for Halon 1211 have been developed in the portable fire extinguisher area and HCFC-123 is used widely as a clean fire extinguishing agent. The type of expellant gas is important because their own vapor pressure is low. In this study, HCFC-123, HCFC-124, HFC-125, and Novec-1230 were selected as fire extinguishing agents and CO₂, which is expected to improve the fire extinguishing ability, was chosen as the expellant gas. For each agent, experiments changing the agent and CO₂ amount were carried out and HCFC-123 showed a good result, as expected. The extinguisher, HCFC-123 of 1.5 kg, showed the same ability to suppress a class A and B fire as the extinguisher, HCFC-123 of 2.5 kg, which is currently sold on the market. According to this result, the expellant gas has a subsidiary fire extinguish effect. This can reduce the amount of HCFC fire extinguishing agent, which is categorized in the phase-out alternatives, and is a more eco-friendly and economical fire extinguisher than the previous one. This study can also help solve the problems of CO₂ fire extinguishers for class B and C fires, and can be used to extinguish electric and electron facilities fire, which contains large amounts of class A fire combustibles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2002

환경문제를 야기하는 할론 소화설비의 사용이 금지되면서 대체소화설비로 관심을 끌며 연구되기 시작한 미세물분무 소화설비이다. 미세물분무는 고압에서 물을 방사하여 $Dv_{0.99}$가 1,000$\mu$m 미만의 물입자를 만들며 작은 물입자로 인해 표면적의 증가와 증발특성이 우수하고, 산소농도를 감소시키는 질식작용과 화염의 냉각작용에 의해 소화작용을 상승시킨다. 이러한 미세물분무의 소화작용에 대한 소규모 화재실험을 기반으로 유류화재의 진압$\cdot$소화특성에 대한 실용화를 위해 실제크기 화재실험을 하였다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1539-1546
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• 2011

Halon which is one of the typical fire extinguishing agents for special purposes was banned not only to use but to manufacture because it destroys the earth's ozone layer. There have been many efforts to find or create Halon alternatives and Novec1230 which is one of the eco-friendly fire extinguishing agents is nominated. In this paper 6 kinds of valve structures were suggested to apply Novec1230 to fire extinguishing agents for railroad vehicles as Novec1230 needs different valve specifications from Halon and spray shapes and action time were compared and measured. As the results, the extinguishing times of A type and F type valves are 20% faster than the other 4 types, and 178% faster than MIL-DTL-62547(USA). Therefore, they can be suggested to the eco-friendly extinguishing agents and Novec1230.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2017

As PED(Personal Electronic Device) market has been rapidly grown, the demand on Lithium battery, which is most commonly used power source of PED, also has been increased. Dew to this trend, the amount of Lithium battery air transportation is also increasing. However, it should be treated very carefully because Lithium is one of very explosive metal. So ICAO, IATA and civil aviation agencies try to enhance the safety of Lithium battery air transportation by aircraft certification and operating regulations. To enhance in-flight safety, the aircraft for transporting Lithium battery should equip certified fire extinguishing system. But recent studies find that Halon, currently used extinguishing agent, is not effective on extinguishing Lithium battery fire. Besides, there is no certified Halon replacement for air use and no acceptable specific minimum performance standard(MPS) for Lithium battery fire. For this issue, a study on characteristics and establishing MPS of Lithium battery fire is needed for safe air transportation of Lithium battery.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.205-226
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• 2018

For sustainable development of air transport, the establishment and application of international standards of environmental protection area is significant. The development and use of alternative fire extinguishing agent to Halon, which is used for the fire extinguishing systems of engine nacelles/APU and cargo compartments, has been requested in order to protect the ozone layer. The ICAO has been active in preparing international standards and recommended practices (SARPs); however, certification of alternative fire extinguishing agents has been postponed due to technical readiness problem.. Consequently, the implementation of SARPs has also been postponed by two years from the end of 2016. to the end of 2018. As such consequences have caused confusion among Member States regarding its implementation, it is necessary to discuss and pay more attention to this issue. ICAO Council and Air Navigation Commission should consider between setting the implementation time frame earlier or giving enough time for mature readiness and preparedness. Also in order to minimize the unnecessary discharge of Halon owned by Member States, it is necessary to consider efficient management methodologies; for example, requesting fire extinguisher manufacturers to recharge in professional ways. For the successful implementation of the SARPs, ICAO developed an implementation task list as including notification of differences, establishment of a national implementation plan, drafting of the modification to the national regulations and means of compliance, adoption of the national regulations and means of compliance. Member States can develop their own rule making process in reference with the ICAO implementation task list. This issue was presented and discussed during the 54th Conference of Directors General of civil aviation, Asia and Pacific Regions which was held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in 2017 with significant attention among participated Contacting States. In this regards, ICAO Council and Air Navigation Commission should consult with Legal Bureau lawyers regarding SARPs preparing process to eliminate difficulties and confusions for proper implementation within effective date.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.26-31
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• 2002

Bromotrifluoromethane(halon-1301) and bromochlorodifluoromethane(halon-1211) have been widely used as a clean fire extinguishing agents due to their outstanding properties. However, production and use of halon are currently being phased out under an international agreements Montreal Protocol because of global environmental concerns and HFCs have been considered as promising alter-natives for the replacement of halon since their ozone depletion potentials are low. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data are required as important basic information in evaluating the solubility of clean fire extinguishing agents and determining their optimal compositions. In this work, we chose HFCs such as HFC-22 HFC-125, and HFC-l34a for gaseous fire extinguishing agents and nitrogen as a pressurization gas for a proper jet velocity of these agents. Phase equilibria for binary mixtures of nitrogen/HFC-22, nitrogen/HFC-125, and nitrogen/HFC-l34a were measured in the temperature range from 283.15K to 303.15K. For equilibrium measurement, we used a circulation type apparatus in which both vapor and liquid phases were continuously recirculated. The experimental data were relatively well correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state with Wong-Sandier mixing rules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.939-944
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• 2018

Clean fire extinguishing agents refer to chemical that can replace Halon 1211 and Halon 1310 according to the Montreal Protocol fermented to protect the Earth's ozone layer. In Korea and abroad, system standardization and performance evaluation of clean fire extinguishing agents are being carried out. This paper proposes an optimal nozzle shape by modeling and numerical analysis of various nozzle shapes based on general clean fire extinguishing system. The ejection speed of the nozzle can be improved by studying three - dimensional modeling of the nozzle for two shapes, Type A and B. Flow analysis was performed on the two types of nozzles and the gas velocity and pressure distribution were measured with different nozzle diameters. It was confirmed that the jetting speed was changed at the nozzle outlet according to the number and diameter of the nozzle holes. The flow rate increased with increasing the pressure regardless of the nozzle hole diameter. Based on the results obtained from the experiment, the K-factor value was deduced. Finally, a nozzle with a 12-hole structure with a 5-mm nozzle hole was proposed.