• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

Purpose: We Investigated to achieve high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) Imaging and spectra of human skin in vitro with using a 14.1 T MRI/MRS system, and to evaluate the hydration effect of a moisturizer by measuring the skin's water concentration. Materials and Methods: We used the Brukrer 14.1 T MRI/MRS system with a vertical standard bore that was equipped with a DMX spectrometer gradient system (200 G/cm at a maximum 40 A), RF resonators (2, 5 and 10 mm) and Para Vision software. Spin echo and fast spin echo pulse sequences were employed for obtaining the high resolution MR images. The 3D-localized point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) method was used to acquire the MR spectra. Results: The high resolution MR images and spectra of human skin in vitro were successfully obtained on a 14.IT system. The water concentration of human skin after applying a moisturizer was higher than that before applying a moisturizer. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the high-resolution MR images and spectra of human skin from a high field MRS instrument could be applicable to evaluating the hydration state of the stratum corneum.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2017

There are many wildfire risk indices worldwide, but objective comparisons between such various wildfire risk indices and surface dryness indices have not been conducted for the wildfire cases in Korea. This paper describes a sensitivity analysis on the wildfire risk indices and surface dryness indices for Korea using LDAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System) meteorological dataset on a 1.5-km grid and MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite images on a 1-km grid. We analyzed the meteorology-based wildfire risk indices such as the Australian FFDI(forest fire danger index), the Canadian FFMC(fine fuel moisture code), the American HI(Haines index), and the academically presented MNI(modified Nesterov index). Also we examined the satellite-based surface dryness indices such as NDDI(normalized difference drought index) and TVDI(temperature vegetation dryness index). As a result of the comparisons between the six indices regarding 120 wildfire cases with the area damaged over 1ha during the period between January 2013 and May 2017, we found that the FFDI and FFMC showed a good predictability for most wildfire cases but the MNI and TVDI were not suitable for Korea. The NDDI can be used as a proxy parameter for wildfire risk because its average CDF(cumulative distribution function) scores were stably high irrespective of fire size. The indices tested in this paper should be carefully chosen and used in an integrated way so that they can contribute to wildfire forecasting in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.735-744
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sweets preference, food frequency, dietary habits, and nutrition knowledge of middle school students who like sweets. A survey instrument consisted of a self-administered questionnaire, a food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. Three hundreds thirty five students aged 13 to 15 years old were divided into two groups, Sweets Liking Group (SLG) and a control group based on the subjects' scores for dietary habits, sweets preference, and food frequency. For dietary habits, the score for meal regularity was significantly lower in the SLG group compared to the control (p<0.001). In addition, the SLG group was more likely to skip breakfast (p<0.001), eat inadequate amount of meals (p<0.001), and consume yellow-green vegetables less frequently (p<0.001) than the control. The subjects' nutrition knowledge was assessed using 20 questions representing five categories, including functions of nutrients, nutrition and health, food pyramid and food groups, healthful snacking and the right dietary attitude. The total scores for nutrition knowledge indicated that the SLG had a poorer nutrition knowledge for all five categories than the control (boys p<0.05, girls p<0.01). For food frequency, the SLG consumed more sweets but less grains, cereals, fishes, beans, vegetables, and milk and milk products than the control (p<0.001). Strong positive correlations appeared between sweets preference, sweets frequency, and sweets-related dietary habits; and all were negatively correlated to nutrition knowledge. Sweets frequency was negatively related to meal regularity, breakfast consumption, meal adequacy, and balanced meals. The findings suggest that nutrition education is necessary to improve the dietary pattern, especially sweets consumption, of Korean young adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.351-361
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• 2012

This study was carried out to compare the differences in dietary habits, food consumption patterns, nutrient intakes, and serum lipid levels according to kimchi consumption in college students. The anthropometric and biochemical parameters of blood samples from the subjects were investigated, as well as a kimchi frequency questionnaire, 24-hour food recall and dietary habits. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their kimchi consumption level based on the quantitative kimchi frequency questionnaire-kimchi consumption under 50 g group and kimchi consumption over 50 g group. As kimchi consumption increased, consumption of white rice (p<0.05) and noodles increased, whereas the consumption of confections decreased. The kimchi consumption over 50 g group was more likely to eat balance meals (p<0.05), and consume fruits and vegetables (p<0.05) than the other group. On the other hand, the kimchi consumption under 50 g group was more likely to consume milk than the kimchi consumption over 50 g group. The energy and sodium (p<0.05) intakes in the kimchi consumption over 50 g group were higher compared to the kimchi consumption under 50 g group. Kimchi consumption was positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol and negatively correlated with body fat, BMI, and blood glucose level. In addition, kimchi consumption was positively correlated with cereals, meats, and vegetables intakes, and negatively correlated with milk and dairy product intakes. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.19B no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2012

This paper proposed a method to separate a liver into left and right liver lobes for simple and exact volumetry of the river graft at abdominal MDCT(Multi-Detector Computed Tomography) image before the living donor liver transplantation. A medical team can evaluate an accurate river graft with minimized interaction between the team and a system using this algorithm for ensuring donor's and recipient's safe. On the image of segmented liver, 2 points(PMHV: a point in Middle Hepatic Vein and PPV: a point at the beginning of right branch of Portal Vein) are selected to separate a liver into left and right liver lobes. Middle hepatic vein is automatically segmented using PMHV, and the cutting line is decided on the basis of segmented Middle Hepatic Vein. A liver is separated on connecting the cutting line and PPV. The volume and ratio of the river graft are estimated. The volume estimated using 2 points are compared with a manual volume that diagnostic radiologist processed and estimated and the weight measured during surgery to support proof of exact volume. The mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation of the differences between the actual weights and the estimated volumes was $162.38cm^3{\pm}124.39$ in the case of manual segmentation and $107.69cm^3{\pm}97.24$ in the case of 2 points method. The correlation coefficient between the actual weight and the manually estimated volume is 0.79, and the correlation coefficient between the actual weight and the volume estimated using 2 points is 0.87. After selection the 2 points, the time involved in separation a liver into left and right river lobe and volumetry of them is measured for confirmation that the algorithm can be used on real time during surgery. The mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation of the process time is $57.28sec{\pm}32.81$ per 1 data set ($149.17pages{\pm}55.92$).

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.80-80
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• 2002

The main thesis of this article is that the decisive point of creativity education is the cultivation of critical thinking capability. Although the narrow conception of creativity as divergent thinking is not subsumed under that of critical thinking, the role of divergent thinking is not so crucial in the science context of creative problem-solving. On the contrary, the broad conception of creativity as focusing on the reference to utility and the third conception of creativity as a process based on the variation and combination of existing pieces of information are crucial in creative problem-solving context, which are yet subsumed under that of critical thinking. The emphasis on critical thinking education is connected with the characteristics of contemporary knowledge-based society. This rapidly changing society requires situation-adaptive or situation-sensitive cognitive ability, whose core is critical thinking capability. Hence, the education of critical thinking is to be centered on the learning of blowing-how and procedural knowledge but not of knowing-that and declarative knowledge. Accordingly, the learning of critical thinking is to be headed towards the cultivation of competence but not just of performance. In conclusion, when a rational problem-solving through critical and logical thinking turns out consequently to be novel, we call it creative thinking. So, creativity is an emergent property based on critical and logical thinking.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2002

The main thesis of this article is that the decisive point of creativity education is the cultivation of critical thinking capability. Although the narrow conception of creativity as divergent thinking is not subsumed under that of critical thinking, the role of divergent thinking is not so crucial in the science context of creative problem-solving. On the contrary, the broad conception of creativity as focusing on the reference to utility and the third conception of creativity as a process based on the variation and combination of existing pieces of information are crucial in creative problem-solving context, which are yet subsumed under that of critical thinking. The emphasis on critical thinking education is connected with the characteristics of contemporary knowledge-based society. This rapidly changing society requires situation-adaptive or situation-sensitive cognitive ability, whose core is critical thinking capability. Hence, the education of critical thinking is to be centered on the learning of blowing-how and procedural knowledge but not of knowing-that and declarative knowledge. Accordingly, the learning of critical thinking is to be headed towards the cultivation of competence but not just of performance. In conclusion, when a rational problem-solving through critical and logical thinking turns out consequently to be novel, we call it creative thinking. So, creativity is an emergent property based on critical and logical thinking.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.565-570
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• 2010

Purpose : To verify the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy in newly diagnosed children with epilepsy. Methods : We prospectively enrolled 148 children who had undergone LTG monotherapy at our institution between September 2002 and June 2009. Twenty-nine patients were excluded: 19 due to incomplete data and 10 were lost to follow up. The data of the remaining 119 patients was analyzed. Results : We enrolled 119 pediatric epilepsy patients (aged 2.8-19.3 years; 66 males and 53 females) in this study. Out of 119 patients, 29 (25.2%) had generalized epilepsy and 90 (74.8%) had partial epilepsy. The responses of seizure reduction were as follows: Seizure freedom (no seizure attack for at least 6 months) in 87/111 (78.4%, n=111) patients; partial response (reduced seizure frequency compared to baseline) in 13 (11.7%) patients; and persistent seizure in 11 (9.9%) patients. The seizure freedom rate was in 81.6% in patients with partial seizure (75.9% for complex partial seizure and 90.9% for benign rolandic epilepsy) and 44.8% in patients with generalized epilepsy (30.0% for absence seizure, 35.7% for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients, and 100.0% for idiopathic generalized epilepsy patients). Adverse reactions were reported in 17 (14.3%) patients, and 8 patients (6.7%) discontinued LTG because of rash and tic. No patient experienced severe adverse reaction such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Conclusion : LTG showed excellent therapeutic response and had few significant adverse effects. Our findings report may contribute in promoting the use of LTG monotherapy in epileptic children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1398-1406
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of web-based nutrition counseling on nutrient intake and blood glucose in type ll diabetic Patients. Forty type II diabetic patients, twenty one of them were diabetic patients without complication (Ncx-DM) and nineteen of them were diabetic patients with complication (Cx-DM), participated in a web-based nutrition counseling program. At the first nutrition counseling, the patients were counselled through interview and then follow up nutrition counseling was accomplished four times during eight weeks through tile web-based internet program. Various markers of disease risk including anthropometric indices, nutrient intake and blood glucose were measured before and after the nutrition counseling. After the nutrition counseling, body mass index and waist circumference decreased in both group but did not change significantly. Fasting blood glucose significantly decreased from 153.9 mg/dL to 139.0 mg/dL (p<0.05) in NCX-DM and from 178.2 mg/dL to 128.5 mg/dL (p<0.01) in Cx-DM after the nutrition counseling. Glycosylated hemoglobin level decreased from $9.3\%$ to $8,7\%$ in Ncx-DM and significantly decreased from $9.7\%$ to $7.8\%$ (p<0.01) in Cx-DM after the nutrition counseling. In addition, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level significantly decreased in both group (P<0,05) after the nutrition counseling. Energy intake decreased significantly in Ncx-DM (P<0.05) and Cx-DM (p<0.01). Although the nutrient intake did not change significantly, the nutrient intake was improved after the nutrition counseling. Therefore, this study shows that the web-based nutrition counseling is effective in improving energy and nutrient intake and influences positively in blood glucose and serum lipids of the patients. In addition, these results indicate that the internet presents us with potential as a new medium for nutrition counseling in informationized society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1375-1380
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate anthropometric values, serum biochemical levels and their correlation in elementary school children. The subjects were 98 boys and girls in the $4{\~}6$ grade and divided into three groups by body size. The mean height of under-weight group (boys: $14.9\pm7.8\;cm$, girls: $144.9\pm9.6\;cm$) was the highest of the groups. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of all the groups ranged from $111.56\pm13.51\;mmHg/72.86\pm7.26\;mmHg\;to\;117.50\pm10.00\;mmHg/75.31\pm9.51\;mmHg$, all within the normal levels. As subject was fatter, serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol insulin and atherogenic index (AI) in the boys, and serum concentrations of triglyceride, insulin and AI in the girls were significantly higher The concentrations of serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol were significantly positively correlated with BMI and WHR. No significant correlation was found with blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations. Serum insulin levels was significantly positively correlated with serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations. Thus, this study implicates that obesity in childhood may be relevant to hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.