• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.135-163
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the feedback loops and policy simulation of price fluctuation of Korean Cattle. The Korean Cattle market shows the 'Cycle of Beef' since 1970. In general, the market for agricultural commodities exhibit repeated cycles of prices and production. Why Beef products market in Korea shows the fluctuation of cattle and beef price repeatedly for forty years? To find an answer, this paper explores the feedback structure of the dynamics of the beef market by the systems thinking and build a stock-flow diagram model for the simulation of future behavior of the market sector of the Cattle. The dynamic simulation model was developed to identify and analyze the cyclical behavior among many variables, which is the number of cattle (calves, cow, etc.), the price of cattle, the demand for beef, the desirable number of cattle, slaughter, etc. The results of this study demonstrate that dominant feedback loops between the number of cattle and livestock prices. The demand for Beef and slaughter with time delay, also the results of the simulation to explain the persistence of future price fluctuations and actions meat market until 2025.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.12-22
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to design a farming model for Hanwoo start-up farmers. I prepared a Hanwoo production plan model according to the growth cycle of Hanwoo using EXCEL. The Hanwoo production plan model was simulated in two model: Model 1 (a model that only purchases Hanwoo calf) and Model 2 (a model that purchases both Hanwoo cow and Hanwoo calf). Next, I reviewed the profits and costs of two Hanwoo simulation models. As a result of the analysis, Model 2 has the following characteristics compared to Model 1. First, Model 2 requires a lot of initial investment. Second, Model 2 is advantageous in terms of farm cash balance because imports occur every year. Third, Model 2 can efficiently use facilities and machines.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2003

한우사육규모가 다두사육화 되어가고 전업화되면서 발정관찰이 어려워지고 인공수정을 기피하는 현상이 나타나기 시작하였다. 이러한 인공수정 기피현상을 해소하기 위해 발정관찰이 필요없는 정시인공수정, 배란동기화 처리기술 등이 육우 및 유우에서 개발되어 사용되어지고 있으며, 이러한 기술을 한우에 접목시키기 위하여 배란동기화 처리시 적정한 인공수정시기를 구명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 배란동기화 처리는 0일째에 GnRH를 1차 투여하고, 7일째에 PGF$_2$alfa를 투여하였으며, 9일째에 GnRH를 2차 투여하였고 이시점에서 20시간후부터 30시간까지 2시간 간격으로 초음파(Sonovet-600. Medison co., Korea)를 이용하여 난소내 난포발달상태를 촬영하였고 이러한 영상을 통해 난포의 배란시점을 검토한 결과, 공시두수 25두중 24~26시간에 4%(1/25), 26~28시간에 8%(2/25), 28~30시간에 48%(12/25), 30시간 이후에 8%(2/25)가 배란되었고, 계통별 1회 수정 수태율은 고급육계통이 48.1%(38/79), 다유계통이 43.9%(51/91)로 나타났으며, 계절별 1회 수정 수태율은 봄, 여름, 가을 별로 각각 45.8%, 33% 그리고 47.3%로 가을철이 다소 높은 경향이었다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

This survey was carried out to investigate the occurrence of reproductive disorders in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). The general management status such as barn type, feed intake, parity and type of reproductive disorders were examined in the Hanwoo farms. In this survey, the total incidence of reproductive disorders that was assessed from 54 Hanwoo farms was 11.6% (73/ 631). We first examined the incidence of reproductive disorders following herd size per farm. The rates of reproductive disorders in under 10 heads, 10 to 20 heads and over 20 heads were 25.2%, 9.4% and 8.3%, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of reproductive disorders in tie stall barn was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in free stall barn (14.9% vs. 8.1%). The major types of reproductive disorders were follicular cysts (21.8%), fat necrosis (21.8%), and repeat breeding (17.8%). The rate of reproductive disorders assessed by the parity tended to decrease as the parity increased. The relationship between incidence of reproductive disorders and body condition score (BCS) was investigated in 203 Hanwoo. The incidence of reproductive disorder was 80.0%, 8.8%, 9.4%, 10.0%, 33.3% and 57.1% at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 of BCS, respectively. These data show that the increase of herd size, barn type and BCS affect the incidence of reproductive disorders such as follicular cysts, fat necrosis and repeat breeding in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine fertilizer nutrient and pollutant production of Holstein dairy cattle by estimating manure characteristics. The moisture content of feces was 83.9% and 95.1% for urine. The pH of feces and urine were in the ranges of 7.0～7.4 and 7.5～7.8, respectively. The average BOD5, COD, SS, T-N, T-P concentrations of the dairy feces were 18,294, 52,765, 102,889, 2,575, and 457mg/ℓ, respectively. Dairy urine showed lower levels of BOD5(5,455mg/ℓ), COD(8,089mg/ℓ), SS(593mg/ℓ), T-N(3,401mg/l), and T-P(13mg/ℓ) than feces. The total daily produced pollutant amounts of a dairy cow were 924.1g(Milking cow), 538.8g(Dry cow), 284.4g(Heifer) of BOD5, 2,336.5g (Milking cow), 1,651.8g(Dry cow), 734.1g(Heifer) of COD and 4,210.1g(Milking cow), 2,417.1g(Dry cow), 1,629.1g(Heifer) of SS and 194.8g(Milking cow), 96.4g(Dry cow), 58.3g(Heifer) of T-N and 24.0g(Milking cow), 10.2g(Dry cow), 6.1g(Heifer) of T-P. The calculated amount of pollutants produced by a 450kg dairy cow for one year were 181.3kg of BOD5, 492.5kg of COD, 899.9kg of SS, 36.0kg of T-N and 4.1kg of T-P. The total yearly estimated pollutant production from all head(497,261) of dairy cattle in Korea is 90,149 tons of BOD5, 244,890 tons of COD, 447,491 tons of SS, 17,898 tons of T-N and 2,008 tons of T-P. The fertilizer nutrient concentrations of dairy feces was 0.26% N, 0.1% P2O5 and 0.14% K2O. Urine was found to contain 0.34% N, 0.003% of P2O5 and 0.31% K2O. The total daily fertilizer nutrients produced by dairy cattle were 197.4g (Milking cow), 97.4g(Dry cow), and 57.9g(Heifer) of Nitrogen, 54.2g(Milking cow), 22.2g(Dry cow), and 14.2g(Heifer) of P2O5 and 110.8g(Milking cow), 80.4g (Dry cow), and 39.5g(Heifer) of K2O. The total yearly estimated fertilizer nutrient produced by a 450kg dairy animal is 36.2kg of N, 8.8kg of P2O5, 24.6kg of K2O. The estimated yearly fertilizer nutrient production from all dairy cattle in Korea is 18,000 tons of N, 4,397 tons of P2O5, 12,206 tons of K2O. Dairy manure contains useful trace minerals for crops, such as CaO and MgO, which are contained in similar levels to commercial compost being sold in the domestic market. Concentrations of harmful trace minerals, such as As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, met the Korea compost standard regulations, with some of these minerals being in undetected amounts.