• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2006

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of time of vaccination in recipients on the pregnancy rate and the viability of calves derived from embryos produced in vitro. In experiment 1, control group was non-vaccinated, group 1-1 received vaccine (Pfizer, Exton, PA, USA) during 0$\sim$4 weeks and group 1-2 received vaccine during 4$\sim$8 weeks before embryo transfer. The pregnancy rates in the control (42.6%) and group 1-2 (45.3%) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in the group 1-1 (32.6%). However, the abortion rates were similar among groups (4.9 to 13.5%). In experiment 2, the recipients received embryos produced in vitro were non-vaccinated (control) or vaccinated. Vaccine was injected during 0$\sim$4 weeks (group 2-1) and 4$\sim$8 weeks (group 2-2) before parturition. The incidence of a disease in calves was significantly higher in the control (22.4%) than in other vaccinated groups (2.2% and 3.1%, p<0.05). The mortality of calves in the control is 27.6%, which was significantly higher than that of group 2-1 and group 2-2 (11.1% and 7.8%).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1999

A 4-year old Korean-native cow of third parturition delivered an deformed calf with congenital anasarca and hypoplasia of the extremity at Muan County in Chonnam Province. At parturition, the dam showed amniotic fluid approximately two times more than that at the normal and also occurred severe dystocia. The anomaly died before parturition was 82 cm long and weighed 25 kg. It was difficult to recognize the neck and face of the anomaly due to severe edema and the stretched tongue through mouth was found. The shape of the extremity was recognizable and the systemic hypoplasia of the body with marked edema was found. At necropsy, there was a large amount of serous fluid both in pleural and peritoneal cavity. Also the fluid was contained some of yellowish granular materials and diffusely was fulfilled in all subcutaneous tissue. There was a partial opening in diaphragm which was resulted in the protrusion of approximately half of liver toward peritoneal cavity. There were two kidneys (15${\times}$21 and 13${\times}$18 cm) on the left which were enlarged and relatively larger than the right one (13${\times}$9 cm). In addition, there were found slight to moderate hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with slight congestion, and diffuse edema of intestinal serosa. Lung (32${\times}$49 mm) with marked hypoplasia was smaller than the size of heart (56${\times}$45mm). Serological test to the dam showed relatively high antibody titer (＞64) to Akabane virus which might be involved in the outbreak of the deformed Korean-native calf as one of many causative agents.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.451-459
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• 2011

The current study was conducted to determine the effects of herbal supplement on growth performances and diarrhea in Hanwoo calves. Total 24 Hanwoo calves (3 treatments: 8 calves per treatment) were randomly assigned to either Control (no treatment), Treatment 1 (0.3% herb supplement), or Treatment 2 (0.5% herb supplement) diets for 150 days. Total body weight gain and total feed intake per head in Treatment 1 was 142.8 kg and 545.9 kg, respectively, and it was higher (p<0.05) compared to other groups. The blood total cholesterol range was 86.43~97.00 mg/dl, triglycerides 13.26~13.86 mg/dl, GOT 76.97~79.60 mg/dl, GPT 19.54~20.97 mg/dl, WBC 8.75~9.95 k/${\mu}{\ell}$, RBC 10.14~11.91 M/${\mu}{\ell}$, and hemoglobin 10.74~11.20 g/$d{\ell}$, respectively, with no significant (p>0.05) differences among treatments. The blood immunoglobulin G levels were 5.74~6.05 mg/ml which tended to decrease as experimental period extended. Total number of pathogens in feces showed peaks at 1~2 months after the initiation of experiment, and tended to decrease thereafter. Total number of Eimeria spp., E. coli and BVDV in feces showed no significant differences but control group showed higher counts than both treatment groups. During overall period, the incidence of pathogenic diarrhea in calves of 2 treatment groups was much lower than control group calves (C: 24, vs T1: 9, T2: 13 heads), however, it was not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of herbs in Hanwoo calf diets might be beneficial to improve growth performances and prevent diarrhea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the national methane emission from livestock enteric fermentation. For methane emission estimation, livestock were mainly categorized to cattle, swine, poultry, sheep, goats and horses, and cattle were further sub-categorized to calves, fattening cattle, breeding cows in Hanwoo and calves, fattening cattle and lactating cows in dairy cattle. Tier 2 methane emission factors were deduced based on the characteristics of animal performances, live weight, slaughter weight, daily weight gain, and feed digestibility in each category. Tier 2 emission factors of Hanwoo range from 39 to 49 kg/head/year and it is similar to that of Tier 1(47kg/head/year). Tier 2 emission factor of dairy cattle was 107 kg/head/year and it is slightly lower than that of Tier 1(118kg/head/year). Total methane emission from livestock enteric fermentation by Tier 2 method was estimated to be 126.8 tones in 2001. The methane emissions by Hanwoo, dairy cattle, swine, goats, horses and sheep were 61.70, 47.76, 13.08, 2.25, 0.17 and 0.01 tones, respectively. By the use of Tier 2 method instead of Tier 1, the accuracy and reliability of methane emission estimates from livestock enteric fermentation in Korea is considered to be improved.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2001

본 연구는 수정란이식기법에 의해 우량 한우 송아지를 대량 생산할 수 있는 기반조성을 위한 한우 수정란이식 최적모델을 개발하기 위해 실시되었다. 본 시험에 공시된 수정란은 우량한 한우의 체내수정란 및 체외수정란을 생산하여 좋은 배반포 수정란을 신선 혹은 동결란 상태로 이식에 공시하였다. 수란우는 정상 발정주기를 가진 경산우로 CIDR을 이용하여 발정을 동기화 하였고 이식시 직장검사로 황체의 크기를 검사하고 초음파진단기로 황체의 구조를 조사하여 정상인 개체에 수정란을 이식하였다. 수란우의 최적 선정조건을 구명하고자 혈중 호르몬 및 대사물질을 분석하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 397두의 수란우에 수정란을 이식하여 121두가 임신하여 평균 30.5%의 수태율을 얻었다. 2. 수란우의 황체의 크기 및 황체내 강 형성 유무와 수태율간에는 차이가 없었으나 혈중 progesterone 수준을 분석해 본 결과, progesterone 수준이 2.0 ng/$m\ell$ 이상일 경우 수태율이 46.6%로 높게 나타났다. 3. 수란우의 혈중 Total cholesterol은 90~110mg/㎗, BUN은 14~16 mg/㎗, Glucose 수준은 70~80 mg/㎗에서 가장 높은 수태율을 나타내어 이들 혈중 대사물질이 수태율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

The present study was to investigate the pregnancy rate, gestation length and abortion rate of the recipients which transferred blastocysts produced by in-vivo collection, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT). In addition, we investigate the birth weight and survival rate of the calves derived from the same methods. The pregnancy rate was 56.3％ in-vivo blastocysts, significantly higher than 19.4％ in NT blastocysts (p<0.05) but not significantly different from 30.0％ in IVF blastocysts. The abortion rate and the gestation length did not differ among the treatment groups (abortion rate: 0, 22.2 and 16.7％ respectively; gestation length: 278.8, 289.4 and 281.4 days respectively). The mean birth weight was significantly higher in NT calves (39.9kg) than in-vivo calves (25.5kg p<0.05). Recipients of in-vivo blastocysts (n=9) had all normal delivery and all of their calves survived on the 60$^{th}$ day from the birth. Recipients of IVF blastocysts (n=7) had all normal delivery but one of their calves died on the 48$^{th}$ day from the birth. Among recipients of NT blastocysts (n=5), three had normal delivery and two had Caesarean section. Among calves born through normal delivery (n=3) two died just after delivery but those born through Caesarean section all survived on the 60th day from the birth.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2012

Feeding trial was conducted with 80 Hanwoo steers (7.5 months of age, 204.4 kg body weight) for 680 days from growing period to late fattening period to examine the feeding value of whole crop barley silage TMR (BS-TMR) and whole crop rye silage TMR (RS-TMR) on body gain, feed cost, slaughter characteristics and quality characteristics of $longissimus$ $dorsi$ muscle. Dietary treatments were conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw (control), feeding BS TMR up to middle fattening period and same diet as for control during late fattening period (BS-TMR I), feeding BS-TMR for whole experimental period (BS-TMR II), feeding RS TMR up to middle fattening period and same diet as for control during late fattening period (RS-TMR I) and RS TMR for whole experimental period (RS-TMR II). Sixteen castrated calves were assigned to each treatment (4 pens, 4 heads per pen). Pens in each treatment were randomly distributed. Feeding both BS silage TMR and RS silage TMR slightly increased body gain of Hanwoo steers at the stages of growing and early fattening, and increased (P<0.0001) at middle fattening compared to feeding control diet while control diet tended to increase body gain at late fattening stage compared to feeding BS-TMR I, BS-TMR II and RS-TMR I diets. Total body gain was slightly increased in Hanwoo steers fed both I and II for BS and RS TMR compared to that in control diet. Feed cost per kg gain per head was relatively low in the Hanwoo steers fed silage TMRs to that fed control diet. Carcass weight, back fat thickness and $longissimus$ $dorsi$ area of Hanwoo steers tended to increase but lowered (P<0.047) yield index by feeding silage TMRs. Feeding BS TMR slightly decreased marbling score but no difference was found in the number of head over grade 1 between diets. Control diet tended to improve yield grade compared to silage TMRs. Chemical composition, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss and pH, color and fatty acid composition of $longissimus$ $dorsi$ were not affected by experimental diets and feeding duration of silage TMRs. Shear force, however, was increased (P<0.046) by silage TMRs without difference between them compared to control diet. Based on the results of the current study, BS TMR and RS TMR could improve body gain and reduce feed cost without deteriorating meat quality compared to separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw. Overall feeding value was similar between BS TMR and RS TMR.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.650-654
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• 2009

A 1-week-old, male Korean native calf with acute clinical signs of depression, mild diarrhea, ataxia, recumbency and tremor was referred to Chonbuk Veterinary Medical Center of Chonbuk National University. Vision loss and cornea edema were also observed on physical examination. The patient had been deteriorated with nystagumus, strabisumus and opisthtonus. Blood cell count test and blood biochemistry test revealed remarkable leukocytosis, and hypoalbuminemia and increased blood urea nitrogen. No remarkable findings were observed on radiography. On magnetic resonance imaging study, there were enlarge lateral, third, and forth ventricles. The cortical grey and subcortical white matter of left temporal lobe showed hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and slightly enhanced on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Escherichia coli strain was identified from cerebrospinal fluid sample. Palliative treatment was attempted but the neonatal calve was expired three days after admission. Severe multifocal fibrino-suppurative meningitis with Escherichia coli infection was confirmed histopathologically.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2002

싸움소(투우)는 1999년 문화관광부지정‘한국의 10대 지역문화 관광축제’로 선정되어, 청도군 투우대회가 한국을 대표하는 축제가 되었고, 상설투우장의 건설로 새로운 레져 산업으로 부상하고 있다. 그러나 싸움소 생산에 소요되는 유전인자 보존 및 생산기반은 전무한 실증이며, 본 연구는 청도군내 우수 종모우을 선별하여 정액채취 및 동결정액을 생산하여 군내 한우번식 농가에서 인공수정을 실시하고 계절별 수태율과 송아지의 성비를 조사하였다. 종모우 번개(나이6세, 체중850kg, 97, 98년 우승)와 사자(나이6세, 체중870kg 98, 99년 준우승) 2두로부터 일반적인 방법으로 인공질을 이용하여 1999년 10월에 정액을 채취하였다. 채취된 정액은 35$^{\circ}C$에서 3~5배정도로 희석하여 정자농도와 활력을 평가하였다. 희석정액은 90분간에 걸처 5$^{\circ}C$ 까지 냉각하면서 글리세롤을 첨가한 난황구염산나트륨액으로 여러번 나누어 희석하여 정자의 충격을 피하였다. 글리세롤평형 2시간 후 0.5$m\ell$스트로에 정자수가 3500만/스트로의 분주.봉인하여, 정액의 동결은 액체질소상에서 4~5cm 위에 스트로를 평행으로 놓아 액체질소 가스로 10~15분간 예비동결한 다음, -8$0^{\circ}C$의 초저온 냉장고에서 케니스터에 넣어 -196$^{\circ}C$ 액체질소에 보관하였다. 인공수정을 실시하고 40일 전후에 직장검사를 통해 임신율과 수태율을 조사하고 분만한 송아지의 성비를 기록하였다. 채취한 싸움소의 정액량은 번개와 사자가 각각 평균 4.6$m\ell$와 3.8$m\ell$이고, 동결전의 정자의 활력은 번개와 사자의 정액이 각각 70.3 vs 75.3%, 동결후의 활력은 37.3 vs 40.3%로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 번개와 사자의 동결정액으로 각각 44두와 127두를 인공 수정하였고, 40일 전후의 임신율은 26두 vs 80두(59.1 vs 63.0% )였으며, 수태율은 26두 vs 66두(59.1 vs 52.0% )로 이들간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 번개와 사자의 수송아지의 성비는 각각 65.3 vs 42.4%로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 싸움소 정액 동결보존과 인공수정으로 싸움소 혈통을 가진 송아지가 생산되었다. 그러나 생산된 송아지가 싸움소의 능력을 가진 것을 선별하여 혈통을 고정시키고, 훈련으로 싸움소의 제질을 발굴하는 것이 앞으로의 연구과제이다.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.50-50
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• 1985

농수산부가 올들어 처음으로 발표한 축산유통예고에 따르면 소값은 봄까지 현재의 수준을 유지하고 돼지값은 이달 중순까지 강세를 보이다가 그 후부터 안정세를 나타낼 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 요즈음이 송아지를 구입할 적당한 시기이며 돼지사육농가는 앞으로의 돼지값 관측내용에 따라 사육마리수를 조절해야 할 것이라고 강조했다. 소$\cdot$돼지$\cdot$닭의 관측 결과는 다음과 같다.