• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-56
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an imagery-focused music listening program for improving emotion regulation among infertile women. For the program development in this study, the literature on emotional issues and coping strategy of infertile women was analyzed to establish theoretical foundation; and the literature on Supportive Music and Imagery (SMI) was analyzed to identify intervention components. Based on the established theoretical framework, the program was developed and finalized after evaluation of validity by four SMI professionals. The developed program was found to systematically target changes in emotions in the step-wise process of discovery, reinforcement, and affirmation of positive emotional resources. The list of music for future use was also identified and presented after systematic analysis of musical features in relation to valence and arousal of emotions. The imagery-focused music listening program was an initial approach to infertile women with SMI, which indicates the possibility of extended application for broadened clinical population.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to do exploratory analysis on the relationships between demographic characteristics of entrepreneurial candidates and their developmental level of entrepreneurial traits as well as the choice of business field. We analyzed gender, age, and educational level of the entrepreneurial candidates and their developmental level of entrepreneurial traits such as achievement tendencies, degree of awareness, planning skills, sincerity, interpersonal relationship, and problem-solving skills. Industry fields were classified into 4 types: restaurants, retail, services, internet business. Descriptive statistical analyses, logistic regressions, and variance analyses were performed about the sample data gathered from 1,441 persons since the year 2002 to 2014. Males and highly educated above university preferred service industry than restaurant, retail, and internet business. Females preferred internet business, retail, and restaurants than service industry field. The young persons under 20 showed higher probability to choose internet business. The college level and high school graduates preferred retail and restaurants than service industry. The developmental level of entrepreneurial traits were higher in male and highly educated. By this study, we could find the divide between groups with high and low probabilities of failure: restaurants and retail field showed higher failure probability than service industry in the business fields of self-employed. Furthermore, we could identify that entrepreneurial traits also had been developed differently depending on the groups. It is necessary to refrain from entering into the fields with high failure probabilities as well as to provide supporting policies to build the systems and environment to reduce the cases to begin new business without special knowledges and know-hows. The competency development training should be provided in the early stage of start-ups considering their entrepreneurial traits and aptitudes. Not only the assessment of the entrepreneurial traits but also professional counseling from initial stage are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.459-465
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• 2012

This study was conducted to obtain investigated characteristic factors which has an influence on nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions related to the environment change of nitrogen application level, rainfall and temperature. It was done by the carrot cultivation at black volcanic ashes soil in the experimental field of Jeju Special Self-governing Province Agricultural Research and Extension Services from 2010 to 2011. During the carrot cultivation period, the more amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, the more amount of $N_2O$ emissions were released. Generally $N_2O$ emissions were so deeply released to climate as that in the first and middle of cultivation with heavy rainfall released amount is high, otherwise it was released very low at the end of cultivation and drought season. $N_2O$ emissions type was considered to relate with the rainfall pattern and soil water content. We obtained the result correlated with $N_2O$ emissions, in 2010, as the soil water and soil temperature were significant to $0.5718^{**}$ ($r$) and $0.4908^{**}$ ($r$) respectively, but soil EC was not significant to 0.2704 ($r$). In 2011, soil water was significant to $0.3394^*$ ($r$), but soil temperature and soil EC were not significant to 0.2138 ($r$) and 0.2462 ($r$) respectively. Also, $NO_3$-N and soil nitrogen ($NO_3-N+NH_4-N$) were not significant to 0.0575 ($r$) and 0.0787 ($r$) respectively. During the carrot cultivation period, the average emissions factor released by the nitrogen fertilizer application for 2 years was presumed to be 0.0025 $N_2O$-N kg / N kg. This factor was 4 times than the IPCC (0.0100 $N_2O$-N kg / N kg) factor.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.451-458
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristic factors which have been influenced on nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions related to the environment change of nitrogen application level, rainfall and temperature during the soybean cultivation at black volcanic ash soil from 2010 to 2011. During the soybean cultivation, the more amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, $N_2O$ emissions amounts were released much. $N_2O$ emissions with the cultivation time were released much at the first and middle of cultivation with heavy rainfall, but it was released very low until the end of cultivation and drought season. $N_2O$ emissions mainly were influenced by the rainfall and soil water content. The correlation ($r$) with $N_2O$ emissions, soil water, soil temperature and soil EC in 2010 were very significant at $0.4591^{**}$, $0.6312^{**}$ and $0.3691^{**}$ respectively. In 2011, soil water was very significant at $0.4821^{**}$, but soil temperature and soil EC were not significant at 0.1646 and 0.1543 respectively. Also, $NO_3$-N and soil nitrogen ($NO_3-N+NO_4-N$) were very significant at $0.6902^{**}$ and $0.6277^*$ respectively, but $NO_4$-N was not significant at 0.1775. During the soybean cultivation, the average emissions factor of 2 years released by the nitrogen fertilizer application was presumed to be 0.0202 ($N_2O$-N kg $N^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$). This factor was higher about 2.8 and 2 times than the Japan's (0.0073 $N_2O$-N kg $N^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$) value and 2006 IPCC guideline default value (0.0100 $N_2O$-N kg $N^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$) respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.544-550
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristic factors which have been influenced on nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions related to the environment change of nitrogen application level, rainfall and temperature during the potato cultivation at black volcanic ash soil from 2010 to 2011. During the potato cultivation, the more amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, $N_2O$ emissions amounts were released much. $N_2O$ emissions with the cultivation time were released much at the first and middle of cultivation with heavy rainfall, but it was released very low until the end of cultivation and drought season. $N_2O$ emissions mainly were influenced by the rainfall and soil water content. The correlation (r) with $N_2O$ emissions, soil wate, soil temperature in 2010 were very significant at $0.6251^{**}$ and $0.6082^{**}$ respectively, but soil EC was not significant to 0.10824. In 2011, soil temperature was very significant at $0.4879^{**}$, but soil water and soil EC were not significant at 0.0468 and 0.0400 respectively. Also, $NH_4$-N was very significant at $0.7476^{**}$, but $NO_3$-N and soil nitrogen ($NO_3-N+NH_4-N$) were not significant at 0.0843 and 0.1797, respectively. During the potato cultivation period, the average emissions factor of 2 years released by the nitrogen fertilizer application was presumed to be 0.0040 ($N_2O-N\;kg\;N^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$). This factor was lower about 2.5 times than the IPCC guideline default value (0.0100 $N_2O-N\;kg\;N^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1986

In order to study the possibility of grassland improvement by spring sowing in the forest, microenvironmental conditions, emergence, percentage of grasses and weeds, root weight and dry matter yield of grasses were investigated. Two field sites (forest grassland and full-sunlight grassland) and two sowing times (March 20 and April 10) were assigned. The condition of the forest grassland was area of pine trees with 50% shading, and the experiment was performed at the Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. For germination and early growth of grasses, full-sunlight grassland was more advantageous than forest grassland. Growth after that stage, on the other hand, forest grassland was more suitable. Especially, during dry and high temperature season, temperature of soil surface and underground in the forest grassland were decreased by $6-7^{\circ}C$ and $3-4^{\circ}C$ each other, compared with those of the full-sunlight grassland. Also soil moisture content was continuously higher in the forest grassland. 2. At March 20 sowing the emergence time in the full-sunlight grassland was shortened by 8 days, compared with that of the forest grassland. In case of sowing on April 10, however, there was no difference between two grassland sites. 3. Grasses grown in the forest was more prostrate and leaves from them decayed more, compared with those of the full-sunlight grassland. 4. The percentage of grasses in the forest grassland was 80 to 85 %, on the other hand, that of the full-sunlight grassland was only 15 to 20 %. And the percentage of grasses tended to be high in the plot of early sowing time. 5. Dry root weight and root length of grasses grown in the forest were inferior to those of the full-sunlight grassland (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two sowing times. 6. Dry matter yield of grasses was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the forest grassland than in the full-sunlight grassland, and yield was influenced by sowing time. Higher yield (4,011 kg/ha) was produced in the plot of the forest grassland with early spring sowing. 7. From above results, it is suggested that grassland improvement by spring sowing in the forest is possible, and it is desirable to sow in early spring.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1993

This study was carried out to determine the optimum planting time for in vitromultiplied tuber of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit. The tubers were planted on April 20, May 20, June 20, July 20, August 20 and September 20 in 1990. Emergence ratios were 68 to 87% in any planting time except planting on July 20. The number of tubers per $m^2$ at harvest in plantings on May 20 and June 20 were significantly higher with 1,110 and 1,021, respectively, while in plantings after July 20, those were drastically decreased. As compared with fresh yield of planting on April 20(352kg /10a), that of May 20 was 109% and June 20 was 103%, while those of after July 20 were from 41% to 19%. There was a highly positive correlation between dry tuber yield and the number of tubers per $m^2(r=0.991^{**})$. Tuber yields for commercial use(diameter over 7.1mm) were high in planting on May 20(322kg /10a) and on June 20(299kg /10a). It was suggested that optimum field planting time for in vitro multiplied tuber of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit was from May 20 to June May 20.