• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.191-204
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• 2010

Recently, the CO2 emission and energy consumption have become critical global issues to decide the future of nations. Especially, the spread of IT products and the increased use of internet and web applications result in the energy consumption and CO2 emission of IT industry though information technologies drive global economic growth. EU, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are using IT related environmental regulations such as WEEE(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), RoHS(Restriction of the use of Certain Hazardous Substance), REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals) and EuP(Energy using Product), and have established systematic green business/IT strategies to enhance the competitiveness of IT industry. For example, the Japan government proposed the "Green IT initiative" for being compatible with economic growth and environmental protection. Not only energy saving technologies but energy saving systems have been developed for accomplishing sustainable development. Korea's CO2 emission and energy consumption continuously have grown at comparatively high rates. They are related to its industrial structure depending on high energy-consuming industries such as iron and steel Industry, automotive industry, shipbuilding industry, semiconductor industry, and so on. In particular, export proportion of IT manufacturing is quite high in Korea. For example, the global market share of the semiconductor such as DRAM was about 80% in 2008. Accordingly, Korea needs to establish a systematic strategy to respond to the global environmental regulations and to maintain competitiveness in the IT industry. However, green competitiveness of Korea ranked 11th among 15 major countries and R&D budget for green technology is not large enough to develop energy-saving technologies for infrastructure and value chain of low-carbon society though that grows at high rates. Moreover, there are no concrete action plans in Korea. This research aims to deduce the priorities of the Korean green business/IT strategies to use multi attribute weighted average method. We selected a panel of 19 experts who work at the green business related firms such as HP, IBM, Fujitsu and so on, and selected six assessment indices such as the urgency of the technology development, the technology gap between Korea and the developed countries, the effect of import substitution, the spillover effect of technology, the market growth, and the export potential of the package or stand-alone products by existing literature review. We submitted questionnaires at approximately weekly intervals to them for priorities of the green business/IT strategies. The strategies broadly classify as follows. The first strategy which consists of the green business/IT policy and standardization, process and performance management and IT industry and legislative alignment relates to government's role in the green economy. The second strategy relates to IT to support environment sustainability such as the travel and ways of working management, printer output and recycling, intelligent building, printer rationalization and collaboration and connectivity. The last strategy relates to green IT systems, services and usage such as the data center consolidation and energy management, hardware recycle decommission, server and storage virtualization, device power management, and service supplier management. All the questionnaires were assessed via a five-point Likert scale ranging from "very little" to "very large." Our findings show that the IT to support environment sustainability is prior to the other strategies. In detail, the green business /IT policy and standardization is the most important in the government's role. The strategies of intelligent building and the travel and ways of working management are prior to the others for supporting environment sustainability. Finally, the strategies for the data center consolidation and energy management and server and storage virtualization have the huge influence for green IT systems, services and usage This research results the following implications. The amount of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of IT equipment including electrical business equipment will need to be clearly indicated in order to manage the effect of green business/IT strategy. And it is necessary to develop tools that measure the performance of green business/IT by each step. Additionally, intelligent building could grow up in energy-saving, growth of low carbon and related industries together. It is necessary to expand the affect of virtualization though adjusting and controlling the relationship between the management teams.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1873-1880
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to survey intention to purchase home meal replacement (HMR) made with eco-friendly food ingredients as well as need for development while analyzing importance and performance of HMR made with eco-friendly ingredients for its commercialization. From September 2014 to March 2015, questionnaires were filled out by respondents. Of the 422 questionnaires that were returned, 412 were used with 10 discarded as incomplete. Regarding reasons behind purchasing HMR, the highest percentages of both males and females answered 'ready to eat'. Almost all respondents spent 'less than 10,000 won' each time they purchased HMR. Regarding place they bought HMR, a higher percentage of respondents answered 'convenience store' and 'discount retail chain store'. In terms of improvements needed for HMR, the highest percentage of males answered 'development of a variety of menus' while the highest percentage of females answered 'change in food ingredients' at 37.7%. For development of HMR made with eco-friendly ingredients, most respondents replied that there is a need for development. Regarding intention for purchasing HMR made with eco-friendly ingredients, 66.7% of males and 73.5% of females answered they have intention to buy. Important performance analysis showed a need to improve performance of 'safety of food ingredients', which was located close to the second quadrant. To improve performance for 'safety of food ingredients', safety must be ensured through use of eco-friendly ingredients, and a systematic process for managing hazardous materials that could arise during the manufacturing process has to be developed.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.488-494
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine dental hygienists' perception of the current national practical examination. This research was performed using 199 self-reported surveys answered by professors of dental hygiene studies and clinical dental hygienist. Frequency analysis, chi-square tests, and analysis of variance were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0. The results revealed that many of the respondents consider the current national practical examination to be neutral. They did not think that the current national practical examination questions are useful for assessing occupation-centric integrated clinical practice ability and counseling techniques for patient intervention. The professors of dental hygiene studies believed that among the research tasks required as mentioned in the national practical examination questions, dental polishing and tooth brushing education are of paramount importance, whereas clinical dental hygienists believed that ultrasonic scaling is the most important (p<0.05). Most of the professors of dental hygiene studies reported that they conducted skills education for dental polishing and tooth brushing education, while most of the clinical dental hygienists reported that tasks actually performed in the clinic included impression taking, model fabrication, ultrasonic scaling, and explaining treatment precautions (p<0.05). Therefore, these tasks can be effectively carried out with the improvement of the national dental hygienist practical examination.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.585-593
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• 2015

This study, the value of dental hygiene process and business performance among the dental clinics located in Gyeonggi province by comparing and analyzing the financial and non-financial results specifically in the department that provides and did not provide dental hygiene process (ADPIE). The collected data treated with percentage and t-test in utilization of IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0. In terms of the medical cost per patient, the Department A (DA) that applied the dental hygiene process were 216,664 Korean Won (KRW) in 2013 and 324,810 KRW in 2014 whereas Department B (DB) which did not apply the dental hygiene process resulted in 184,655 KRW in 2013 and 225,698 KRW in 2014 (p<0.01). Regarding the number of daily patients, the DA showed increase of 8.08 (p=0.01) while DB showed increase of 2.42 patients (p>0.05). The medical consent rate was 89.17% in DA and 60.09% in DB in 2013 while showing 89.68% and 66.98% respectively in 2014 (p<0.001). The patients' revisit rate was 87.48% in DA and 44.92% in DB in 2013 and that of the DA and DB was 85.89% and 45.55% respectively in 2014 (p<0.001). The rate of regular check-up was 16.01% in DA and 2.53% in DB in 2013 and the same rate in 2014 showed 19.03% and 6.84% respectively in 2014 (p <0.001). The rate of referred patients was 38.46% and 29.98% respectively in DA and DB in 2013 whereas DA showed 47.59% and DB showed 30.77% in 2014 (p<0.05). According to the results, the medical system with dental hygiene process is verified to be a premium medical program that can improve satisfaction as well as management effectiveness in dental service.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Objectives : Thyroid cancer patients may experience emotional distress during cancer treatment including surgical operation and radioactive iodine treatment. The aims of this prospective study were to investigate changes of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) under preoperative, postoperative and short-term hypothyroidism state. Methods : Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale(HAD) and the Distress Thermometer, we sequentially assessed the levels of anxiety, depression and distress in 41 DTC patients at 3 time points such as preoperative state, postoperative state and short-term hypothyroidism state. Results : The HAD-anxiety score was significantly higher in preoperative state($6.93{\pm}3.97$) than postoperative state($4.22{\pm}2.92$) and short-term hypothyroidism state($4.93{\pm}3.64$). Any other significant change in depression or distress thermometer score was not observed. Especially, difference of HADS score between the distress and none-distress groups was significant in preoperative state and post-operative state, but the difference become not significant in the short-term hypothyroidism state. Conclusions : Induced thyroid hormone deficiency during cancer treatment does not significantly affect emotional distress in patient with DTC. Anxiety and depression in these patients may be associated with distress of the patient before active cancer treatment.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.3 s.99
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• pp.417-428
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• 2005

Today, IT organizations perform projects with vision related to marketing and financial profit. The objective of realizing the vision is to improve the project performing ability in terms of QCD. Organizations have made a lot of efforts to achieve this objective through process improvement. Large companies such as IBM, Ford, and GE have made over $80\%$ of success through business process re-engineering using information technology instead of business improvement effect by computers. It is important to collect, analyze and manage the data on performed projects to achieve the objective, but quantitative measurement is difficult as software is invisible and the effect and efficiency caused by process change are not visibly identified. Therefore, it is not easy to extract the strategy of improvement. This paper measures and analyzes the project performance, focusing on organizations' external effectiveness and internal efficiency (Qualify, Delivery, Cycle time, and Waste). Based on the measured project performance scores, an OT (Opportunity Tree) model was designed for optimizing the project performance. The process of design is as follows. First, meta data are derived from projects and analyzed by quantitative GQM(Goal-Question-Metric) questionnaire. Then, the project performance model is designed with the data obtained from the quantitative GQM questionnaire and organization's performance score for each area is calculated. The value is revised by integrating the measured scores by area vision weights from all stakeholders (CEO, middle-class managers, developer, investor, and custom). Through this, routes for improvement are presented and an optimized improvement method is suggested. Existing methods to improve software process have been highly effective in division of processes' but somewhat unsatisfactory in structural function to develop and systemically manage strategies by applying the processes to Projects. The proposed OT model provides a solution to this problem. The OT model is useful to provide an optimal improvement method in line with organization's goals and can reduce risks which may occur in the course of improving process if it is applied with proposed methods. In addition, satisfaction about the improvement strategy can be improved by obtaining input about vision weight from all stakeholders through the qualitative questionnaire and by reflecting it to the calculation. The OT is also useful to optimize the expansion of market and financial performance by controlling the ability of Quality, Delivery, Cycle time, and Waste.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 1997

Objective：At the present time in Korea, for a considerable proportion of children and adolescent, delinquent behavior and violence has become as a way of life in their lives and a major social problem issue as well. The contributing factors to this problem were assumed to be the negative interaction between family environment and character of adolescent. The purpose of this study is to search the relationship between these constructs and juvenile delinquency. Method：Data were collected through questionnaire survey over a period of 2 months. Subjects served for this study consisted of 1,863 adolescents including 657 delinquent adolescents and 1,206 student adolescents in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and delinquent adolescent population confined in juvenile corrective institutions, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Their age ranged between 12 and 18 years. Data were analysed by IBM PC using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square and principal component analysis. Results：The results of this study were as follows：Inconsistency by parental child rearing patterns tended to affect delinquent behavior among delinquent adolescents. On the other hand, adolescent students were consistently reared by their parent with democratic, flexible, trusting their children and reward-oriented attitudes. In comparison of both parents in the degree of influence on their children, it was revealed that paternal child rearing pattern was more influential on their children’s behaviors than maternal’s. The psychological instability of family, disharmonious parent-child relationships tended to be contributing to delinquent behavior among delinquent adolescents. Especially, It was an interesting finding that student’s mother is the higher employed than delinquent’s mother. However working mother was more prevalent in the student’ adolescents than in student adolescents in previous studies. The delinquent adolescents have more depressive trend, more complaints of psychosomatic symptoms, the higher degree of need frustration, the more maladaptive and antisocial personality pattern than student adolescents. Conclusion：Recently, many studies on association between family factor, character of adolescent and juvenile delinquent behavior have produced relatively consistent results. This study showed that family environment and character trait of adolescent also were linked with delinquent behavior such as smoking, drinking, runaway and physical assaults etc. The results of this survey may provide impetus for future speculation and study of correlation or reciprocal interaction between family factor, character trait of adolescent and delinquent behavior during adolescence and beyond.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the decision on whether to receive regular oral check-ups among the national health insurance beneficiaries with income and aged over 20 years in Korea. This was a cross-sectional study, using the data from the 2014 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-2), conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The final sample included 2,843 subjects who participated in the health examination survey and oral check-ups. The IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0 was used for the statistical analysis, based on the complex sampling design. The Rao-Scott chi-square test was used to verify the difference in the distribution of independent variables with regard to oral check-ups. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors. The ratio of beneficiaries who received oral check-ups was less than half of those who received medical examinations. The Rao-Scott chi-square test, revealed significant differences in the age group (p<0.05) of the predisposing factors, toothache within a year (p<0.001), untreated dental caries (p<0.001) of the need factors, personal income level (p<0.001), educational level (p<0.001), type of medical insurance (p<0.001), and private health insurance (p<0.01) of the enabling factors. In the binary logistic regression analysis, factors influencing oral check-ups were age group, personal income level, educational level, toothache within a year, and untreated dental caries. These findings show a variety of factors influencing the utilization of regular oral check-ups.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2015

The study was conducted to provide data for the development of effective medical conflict prevention programs for dental hygiene by analyzing the dental experience conflicts. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted targeting dental hygienists who were performing dental assistance at university hospital, dental hospital and dental clinic in Busan and Gyeongnam regions from April 1 to 30, 2014. Collected questionnaires of 212 dental hygienists were then analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0 program. A total of 59.4% had experienced complaints, discontents and medical disputes and 24% of these had experienced a legal trouble developed from such and 95.3% were anxious and doubtful about a possible future medical dispute to some degree. Patient complaints, complaints of non-medical issues raised by 24.3% was the most common, notices, maps and descriptions in relation to the issues raised by 14.4%, is related to the impression issue was raised in the order of 13.5%. Occurrence of disputes did not show a significant difference by place of work, however, a possibility of development of dispute into a legal proceeding showed a significant difference depending on service career and it was investigated that the experienced group feels more pressures with regard to a medical dispute according to their experience of such. All respondents said that education on a prevention and countermeasures of medical disputes is necessary. Understanding of dental hygienists on medical related laws regarding the scope of duty is required to be enhanced and, in order to do so, opportunities to receive an education with regard to a prevention and countermeasures of medical disputes are to be expanded.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

This study has an objective not only to be helpful to the understanding about students' career and employment preparation by investigating the present conditions which are related with vocational consciousness and job values of dental hygiene department graduating students. Study subjects were 350 female graduating students in 3-year-course College, dental hygiene department at five areas of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon and Gyeongnam. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 19.0. Regarding job values, job prospect of dental hygienist is a little developmental (55.2%) and institution hoping to work is dental clinic (43.2%), reasons for employment in major area are good wage and working environment (24.0%). And regarding opinion about job, dental hygienist job is a measure for living income (69.7%). Regarding job selection conditions, 35.0% subjects replied good human relationship. In the questionnaires regarding professional job in vocational consciousness category, results showed high percentages in that 'the occupation is a job in charge of oral health improvement'; regarding academic area, 'scaling should be done better than dentist'; regarding human relationship, 'harmony between colleagues is closely related with job efficiency'; regarding work ethics, 'development of dental hospital (clinic) and dental hygienist is correlated.' In vocational consciousness of study subjects, higher major satisfaction showed significant differences in professional job consciousness and work ethics consciousness (p<0.05) and the correlation results in vocational consciousness areas showed all statistically significant correlations (p<0.01). In case that the characteristic in one type is higher among 4 types, all other types showed high characteristics and also showed high general vocational consciousness.