• The Journal of shipping and logistics
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.527-544
• /
• 2018

In this study, SNA analysis was conducted to examine changes in passenger movements in domestic coastal shipping. The validity of derivation of centrality rankings was enhanced by using the connection centrality that reflected weights, which had not been applied in previous research. The results of the connection centrality analysis indicated that the network composition ratio of the South Sea region was high, and the results of analysis of betweenness centrality indicated that ports belonging to the South Sea region recorded high ranks. Jeju Island, which acts as a gateway to the West Sea and the South Sea, Mokpo, which acts as a gateway between the land and islands, those ports that are geographically close to the land, and those ports that are smoothly connected to small ports, were shown to have betweenness centrality. Meanwhile, in the results of analysis of eigenvector centrality, not only ports in the South Sea region but also many ports in the West Sea region were included in the high ranked ones. Using these results, the port authority can identify major ports in domestic coastal shipping, determine the priorities support, identify the current situation of the port connection relations, and establish strategies for management of key development areas. As future studies, studies in the aspect of economy that separate general passengers and island passengers and utilize data such as fares, distances, and time are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.164-176
• /
• 2019

For this study, we carried out a field survey on the analysis for the spatial distributions of phytoplankton community in the eleven areas of the Korean South Sea during the early summer of 2018. The results from the study showed that the phytoplankton community consisted of 56 genera and 105 species showing by diatoms with 52.4%, dinoflagellates with 40.0% and other phytoflagellates with 7.6%. The cell density of the phytoplankton ranged from 5.5 to 593.2 cells mL^-1. The species number and cell density of the phytoplankton were high in the eastern waters of the South Sea and low in the western one. The phytoplankton community showed the characteristics of being dominated by the diatoms except in the Geumpo of Namhae, Ocheon-dong of Yeosu and Oenarodo of Goheung. The dominant species of the phytoplankton community were the centric diatoms, Skeletonema costatum-like species (ls), except for the Ocheon-dong and Chungdo of Wando. However, the Ocheon-dong was dominated by toxic dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum by 41.1% dominance. On the other hand, Keumpo and Oenarodo was by dinoflagellate, Tripos fusus more than 12% dominance in the surface layer. The spatial distribution of the phytoplankton community in the coastal waters of the Korean South Sea in the early summer were determined by the supply of nutrients through precipitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.881-897
• /
• 2019

We reconstructed and digitized the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) Serial Oceanographic observations (NSO) and Coastal Oceanographic observations (NCO) data attained prior to 1961 through historical oceanographic observation data rescue projects. Increasing trends of long-term sea surface temperature (SST) were shown from the NSO data of 21 available stations for the past 80 to 92 years. In general agreement with previous research results used in the data of the past 50 years, we calculated the rate of temperature rise. As a result of analyzing the spatial distribution of SST change rate in the Korean of shore region using selected oceanographic data, the West Sea and South Sea showed a higher tendency of temperature rise in the offshore area than in the coastal area. However, unlike the results of previous studies, the East Sea (Gangwon Line and Ulsan Line) showed a lower water temperature rise than the coastal stations. Annual fluctuations of NCO's SST data from 1989 to 1998 for three stations representing the East Sea, South Sea, and West Sea, (Jumunjin, Geomundo and Budo, respectively) revealed that the East Sea showed the highest SST increase for the 10 years. The increases were 1.63 ℃ at Jumunjin, 1.16 ℃ at Geomundo, and 0.79 ℃ at Budo. As a result of the investigation, it can be concluded that SST is repeatedly rising and falling with a period of 3 ~ 6 years. Especially, since the 1980s, most of the stations show positive anomalies of SST. Lastly, to understand ocean_atmosphere interactions, we analyzed the correlations between SST of the NCO stations and air temperature around them and the results were 0.76 for the South Sea (Geomundo), 0.34 for the West Sea (Budo), and 0.32 for the East Sea (Jumunjin) with the highest correlation in the South Sea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2010.10a
• /
• pp.38-39
• /
• 2010

최근들어 항만건설 및 선박블록 운송의 증가로 대형 부선을 예인하는 예부선과 침몰 선박 인양 및 해상교량공사 등을 위한 해상크레인 운송선단의 통항이 매년 증가 추세에 있다. 우리나라에서 이들 선박의 주 항로는 남해와 서해 연안으로, 이 지역은 도서가 산재해 있고 협수로가 많은 지형적 특성과 연안으로 근접하여 항해 시 강한 조류의 영향을 받으며, 또한 어망과 조업중인 어선들과 많이 조우하게 된다. 특히, 돌발적인 해양 기상적 특징을 포함하고 있다. 이러한 영향에 따라서 이 해역을 통항하는 예부선 및 해상크레인 선단의 조종성능이 크게 저하되어 해양사고의 위험성이 고조되고 있다. 이에 따라서, 이 연구에서는 해상크레인의 연안해역 예항시 안전하게 항해할 수 있는 적절한 조종 방법을 고찰하여 안전운항에 기여하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.364-374
• /
• 1995

The taxonomic revision of the family Uranoscopidae from Korea was made on the basis of the speciemens collected in the coasts of the Korea from 1986 to 1994. The key to the species and genera for classification of the famiiy Uranoscopidae was provided with synonym and their distributions. The stagazer fishes from Korea are composed of 6 species in 3 genera: Uranoscopus Japonicus, U. bicinctus, U. chinensis, U. tosae, Gnathagnus eolngatus and Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio. The Korean stagazer fishes were widely distributed in the West and South Sea of Korea, but only Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio distributed in the around sea of Cheju Island.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.179-195
• /
• 2004

The trophic state of the coastal waters of the southern part of Korea was assessed using biogeochemical data obtained from the National Marine Environmental Monitoring Program conducted by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute for six years. The trophic state of different areas, analyzed by non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, could divide the areas into three groups. Masan Bay, with suboxic water masses and/or the highest concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus occurred, was assessed as being in a hypertrophic state. Ulsan Bay, Onsan Bay, Busan and Jinhae Bay, located near strong point sources, were in a eutrophic state. Other areas, including Tongyong, Yosu, Mokpo and Jeju island, were evaluated as being in a mesotrophic state. During 1997 to 2002, the average values of excess nitrogen, which is the difference between the measured dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and the corrected DIN using the Redfield ratio, were positive at Ulsan, Onsan, and Busan, where there were inflows from polluted rivers. In contrast, those were negative values in Haengam Bay, Gwangyang Bay and nearby Yosu. This suggests that the limiting element for phytoplankton growth differed among sites. The time series data of excess nitrogen showed gradual decrease over time in the hypertrophic waters, but the opposite trend in the mesotrophic waters. This indicated that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphate varied according to the trophic state of the coastal waters. The enrichment of organic matter in sediment in eutrophic waters would disturb the normal pattern of biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphate. In order to assess the condition of the coastal environment, the benthic boundary layer should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2003

Fishing, aquaculture, coastal tourism and port activities in southern coastal seas are important to the Korean economy Conventional strategies or quick-fixes may not be the best means of addressing coastal issues. Coastal issues in Korean coastal sea include harmful algal blooms (HAB), oxygen depletion, and sea grass disappearance. Regional coastal management plans have been developed during 2001~present after inauguration of Coastal Management Law in 1999. Activities such as eco-pioneer cities, pollution reduction, constitutional rearrangement, environmental regulation, monitoring indicators, and budgeting would be included in regional coastal management Planning. The successful implementation of integrated coastal management is largely dependent on the engagement of government and non-government organizations to increase the chorus of concern. The need to involve coastal area residents in restoring activities was addressed with the creation of NGOs' Association for Masan Bay Restoration (NAMR). Several restoration efforts by NAMR are currently underway in Masan Bay coastal zone with scientific and local knowledge. A new level of dialogue was achieved suggesting a sustainable picture of Masan Bay coastal area regarding to a new port construction.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2009

To understand major factors that affected on distinct Cochlodinium bloom scale in Korean coasts in 2007 and 2008, oceanographic and meteorological characteristics during Cochlodinium bloom period were compared. The main reason for large scale blooms in 2007, covering both southern coast and eastern coast with about 10 million US dollars fish kills, was attributed to sufficient nutrient supply by heavy rainfall, upwelling in the coast arising from irregular wind shift, weak thermocline and low grazing pressure by zooplanktons during Cochlodimum bloom development period. On the contrary, small scale blooms in 2008 covering only inshore areas of southern coast without fish kills was attributed to the low nutrient level in coastal areas by long persistent drought and strong influence of oligotrophic offshore water onto inshore and high grazing pressure by extra ordinarily abundant zooplanktons during Cochlodinium development period. Conclusively, it was estimated that nutrient level, strength of offshore water and feeding pressure might play a significant role in the difference of bloom scale between the two years.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2004

Haptophyte algae were collected at 67 sites in the East Sea, the Yellow Sea and the South Sea of Korea from October 2002 to April 2003. In the Yellow Sea, the seawater samples occasionally were collected in nearshore pools during low tide events. Haptophyte algae also were observed in samples from lagoons that contained some degree of salts from the East Sea. Haptophyte algae consisted of Prymnesium sp. of. parvum, Chrysochromulina spp. and Phaeocystis globosa.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.325-332
• /
• 2008

To characterize the initiation, propagation and termination of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in the southeast coastal waters of Korea, 2007, we have analyzed the data set of phytoplankton composition, physical and chemical water properties, and meterological data. The development of C. polykrikoides bloom in 2007 can be summarized in three steps. The first stage from middle of July to end of August was characterized by an unusually persistent and strong southerly wind. C. polykrikoides blooms established already by the strong wind in the middle of south coastal waters were advected intermittently into the study area. Accordingly, highly variable cell densities of C. polykrikoides were observed. At the second stage a favorable growing conditions for C. polykrikoides was developed, which was directed by changes in wind direction from south to northeast and thus enhanced transportation of offshore waters into inshore (August 8 to 30). C. polykrikoides bloom occurred through typical mechanism and showed high cell density. The last stage was represented by disappearance of C. polykrikoides. Typoon 'Nari' carrying heavy rain brought an unfavorable habitat to C. polykrikoides. Low saline condition formed in coastal water due to typoon effects continuously drove the dominant species to diatoms and flagellates which were prevailing over C. polykrikoides in this circumstances(from the middle of September). These stepwise processes could be the causative mechanism of the extraordinarily persistent C. polykrikoides bloom observed in southeast coastal water of Korea, 2007.