• MALSORI
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• v.55
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• pp.61-76
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• 2005

This paper aims to analyze the acoustic effects of vowels produced in a distant-talking environment. The analysis was performed using a statistical method. The influence of gender and speakers on the variation was also examined. The speech data used in this study consist of 500 distant-talking words and 500 normal words of 10 speakers (5 males and 5 females). Acoustic features selected for the analysis were the duration, the formants (Fl and F2), the fundamental frequency and the total energy. The results showed that the duration, F0, F1 and the total energy increased in the distant-talking speech compared to normal speech; female speakers showed higher increase in all features except for the total energy and the fundamental frequency. In addition, speaker differences were observed.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

인터넷과 정보 서비스 기술의 발달로 일반 대중에게 제공되는 정보의 양은 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있는 추세지만 사용자가 원하는 정보를 얻기는 더욱 어려워지고 있으며, 필요한 정보를 찾은 경우에도 그 양이 많기 때문에 전체적인 내용을 파악하는 데 많은 시간을 소비하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 본 연구에서는 통계적 모델을 사용하여 문서로부터 문장을 추출한 후 요약문을 작성하여 사용자에게 제시하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 문서 요약 시스템의 구축을 위하여 사용된 방법은 문서 집합으로부터 중요 문장을 추출한 후 이로부터 요약문에 나타날 수 있는 특성(feature)과 중요 단어를 학습하여 학습된 내용을 이용하여 요약문을 하는 방법이다. 시스템 개발 및 평가를 위해 사용된 문서는 정보 과학 분야의 논문 모음이며 이를 학습 데이터와 실험 데이터로 구분한 후 학습 데이터로부터 필요한 정보를 얻고 실험 데이터로 평가하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.148-153
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 광 상관기 (optical correlator) 에 의한 한글문자 분리 인식의 한 방법을 제안하였다. 효율적인 분리 인식을 위해서 병렬 나무 (tree) 구조로부터 입력 신호를 두 방향으로 병렬 처리하여 각 방향으로 자음과 모음을 따로 분리시켜 2단계 만에 인식한 뒤 이들을 위치에 따라 조합하여 문자 분리 인식하도록 하며, 아울러 이러한 병렬 나무구조의 각 단계에서 필터 합성시 MACE (minimum average correlation energy) 개념을 이용하여 광 상 관평면상에서 부엽의 문제를 줄이고, 실제 광 시스템에서 생길 수 있는 왜곡을 학습표본에 포함하여 광 상관기 시스템에 의한 실질적인 한글 문자의 왜곡에 무관한 분리인식을 하도록 하였다.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2002

This paper explores whether there is correlation between consonants' place and duration of adjacent vowels in English and Korean. The results showed that in English the vowels preceding alveolar stops were in general longer than the vowels before bilabial or velar stops. Consonants appeared to have their inherent length due to their place and to exhibit some compensatory effects on the duration of preceding vowels. This effect can be explained in a physiological term that the tongue tip is the organ which might be more agile in articulatory movement than the tongue body for the velars or the lower lip (and the jaw) for the bilabials is and the shorter production time of the alveolars caused the lengthening of the adjacent vowels. However, this physiological account did not hold in the case of Korean, which exhibited less consistent patterns across speakers for the consonants' place and the vowel duration. The segmental duration seemed to be timed quite consistently within a language but the pattern was not universal across languages.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

This paper investigated the effects of frequency band limitation on perceptual characteristics of Korean vowels. Monosyllabic speech (144 syllables of CV type, 56 syllables of VC type, 8 syllables of V type) produced by two announcers were low- and high-pass filtered with cutoff frequencies ranging from 300 to 5000 Hz. Six listeners with normal hearing performed perception tests by types of filter and cutoff frequencies. We reported phoneme recognition rates and types of perception error of band-limited Korean vowels to examine how frequency distortion in the process of speech transmission affect listener's perception.

• MALSORI
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• no.64
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• pp.53-76
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• 2007

This study investigates phonation types of Korean obstruents associated with the vowels immediately following singletons or geminates in intervocalic positions. F0, H1-H2, and spectral tilt were measured from the 20 ms segment at the onset of the vowels for the tokens of /paCa/ and /paCCa/, where Cs are of the same manner and place of articulation. The results showed a remarkable change in the values of F0, H1-H2, and spectral tilt as the preceding obstruents shifts from the lenis singletons to the lenis geminates, which suggests that the spectral characteristics of the vowels following the lenis geminates are not different from those of the vowels following fortis singletons or geminates. Significantly enough, this study adds data about the spectral characteristics of Korean phonation types.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1964-1972
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• 2000

For the Korean language, on acoustics, it creates a different form of phonetic value not a phoneme by its own peculiar property. Therefore, the construction of extended recognition system for understanding Korean language should be created with a study of the Korean rule-based system, before it can be used as post-processing of the Korean recognition system. In this paper, text-based Korean rule-based system featuring Korean peculiar vocal sound changing rule is constructed. and based on the text-based phonetic value result of the system constructed, a preliminary phonetic value segmentation border points with non-uniform blocks are extracted in Korean isolated word speech. Through the way of merge and recognition of the non-uniform blocks between the extracted border points, recognition possibility of Korean voice as the form of the phonetic vale has been investigated.

• MALSORI
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• no.44
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• pp.15-32
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the production of English vowels by native speakers of Korean. In the production test, two English speakers and four native Korean speakers served as subjects. The four native Korean speakers were divided into two groups, experienced and inexperienced. Native English speakers generally showed significant differences both in vowel duration and in F1 & F2 values between members of vowel pairs which are of special interest of this study: /i/l vs. /I/, /$\varepsilon$/ vs. /${\ae}$/, and /u/ vs. /$\mho$/. The overall results showed that the experienced group produced more accurate results in vowel duration, F1, and F2 values.

• MALSORI
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• no.33_34
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• pp.43-55
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• 1997

This study examined one of the hypotheses on the consonant reduction in Korean inferred from the Articulatory Phonology framework through phonetic experiments: Degree of consonant reduction depends on the height of the neighboring vowels--the lower the height of the neighboring vowel is, the higher the degree of reduction of stop closure period is. The results of this study, in general, turned out to support the hypothesis with some cases requiring other phonetic considerations, e.g., rate of some tongue tip movement in the case of dental lenis stop /t/ or the facts that bilabial lenis stop /p/ share its primary articulators, lips, with the neighboring vowel /u/ and that for bilabial closure, the upper lip lowers more for compensation of little movement of lower lip when its raising gets disturbed for some reasons.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2001

The acoustic quality of a vowel is known to be mostly determined by the frequencies of the first formant(Fl) and the second formant(F2). The perceptual(or psychological) dimensions of vowel perception were examined in this study. Also the relationships among perceptual dimensions, acoustical dimensions(Fl & F2), and articulatory gestures of vowel were discussed. Using multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) technique, the experiment was performed in order to identify the perceptual dimensions of the perception of Korean vowel. In the experiment 8 Seoul standard speakers performed the similarity rating task of 10 synthesized Korean vowels. Two-dimensional MDS solution based. on the similarity rating scores was obtained. The results showed that two perceptual dimensions, D1 and D2 were correlated strongly with F2 and F1(r = -.895 and .878 respectively), and were so interpreted as 'vowel advancement' and 'vowel height' respectively. The relationship between the perceptual dimensions of vowel and the articulatory positions of tongue suggested that perception may be directly linked to production. Further research problems were discussed in the .final section.