• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.3-6
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• 1999

합성음의 자연성은 운율(prosody)과 관계가 있으며, 운율은 지속시간(duration), 세기(intensity), 피치(pitch)의 3가지 요소가 어우러져 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 한국어 여성 음에 나타나는 지속시간 패턴을 분석하여 지속시간의 규칙을 정리함을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 각 음소(자음, 모음)의 고유 지속시간과 단어내의 음절 위치, 인접음소의 영향, 구와 절의 경계의 영향에 따른 지속시간의 변화를 조사하여 지속시간 규칙을 정립하였다 청취 실험 결과, 본 지속시간 규칙이 합성음의 자연성을 향상시켰다는 것을 보여준다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.873-880
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• 2013

This paper approaches the problem of resolving Korean zero pronouns using Centering Theory modeling local coherence. Centering Theory has been widely used to resolve English pronouns. However, it is much difficult to apply the centering framework for zero pronoun resolution in languages such as Japanese and Korean. Since in particular the use of non-anaphoric zero pronouns without explicit antecedents is not considered in the Centering Theory of Grosz et al., the presence of non-anaphoric cases negatively affects the performance of the resolution system based on Centering Theory. To overcome this, this paper presents a method which determines the intra-sentential anaphoricity of zero pronouns in subject position by using relationships between clauses, and then identifies antecedents of zero subjects. In our experiments, the proposed method outperforms the baseline method relying solely on Centering Theory.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.447-470
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• 2009

"Haerincheokso" is a collection of 279 letters, including the last one Gong Heon-gyeong sent to Lee Sang-jeok in 1865, which were sent by 61 people from 1830. This study examined the career and activities of each of the 61 senders based on their personal details. First, it was found that the senders had special relationships with Lee Sang-jeok. One of them, for example, published "Eunsongdangjip", a collection of poems written by Lee Sang-jeok. Second, many of the senders were from Jiansu Province, Shanxi Province and Zhejiang Province. Third, more than 50 percent of people Lee Sang-jeok had a friendship with were outstanding intellectuals who were Jinsa or Geoin. Fourth, all of the senders except for a monk and the owner of a ginseng shop did vigorous cultural activities in Yanjing at the time. If the reader read "Haerincheokso" based on information above, he will be able to reduce mistakes of misreading the book. Furthermore, the book offers some materials necessary to grasp the cultural exchanges between Korea and China in the 19th century.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-47
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• 2013

We conducted a psycholinguistic experiment in which participants orally produced sentences using a subject, a dative object, an accusative object, and a verb, provided just before the production. Results of the experiment are twofold: (i) Korean speakers basically produce the dative object earlier than the accusative one if the lengths of the objects are identical. (ii) If there is a length difference between the two objects, though, the longer one strongly tends to be placed before the shorter one, overriding the preference for 'dative-accusative' order. This 'long before short' preference which is generally observed in head-final languages appears to reflect the underlying tendency of the processing mechanism to put the heads of arguments and the predicate as closely as possible, thereby minimizing the cost for the processing of verb-argument structure.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

It is widely acknowledged that the human auditory system is organized tonotopically and people generally listen to sounds as a function of frequency distribution through the auditory system. However, it is still unclear how acoustic features of speech sounds are indicated to the human brain in terms of speech perception. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether two sounds with similar high-frequency characteristics in the acoustic analysis show similar results at the level of auditory brainstem. Thirty three young adults with normal hearing participated in the study. As stimuli, two Korean monosyllables (i.e., /ja/ and /cha/) and four frequencies of toneburst (i.e., 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) were used to elicit the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Measures of monosyllable and toneburst were highly replicable and the wave V of waveform was detectable in all subjects. In the results of Pearson correlation analysis, the /ja/ syllable had a high correlation with 4000 Hz of toneburst which means that its acoustic characteristics (i.e., 3671~5384 Hz) showed the same results in the brainstem. However, the /cha/ syllable had a high correlation with 1000 and 2000 Hz of toneburst although it has acoustical distribution of 3362~5412 Hz. We concluded that there was disagreement between acoustic features and physiology outcomes at the auditory brainstem level. This finding suggests that an acoustical-perceptual mapping study is needed to scrutinize human speech perception.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

A wh-phrase in an embedded sentence may have either an embedded or a matrix scope. Interpretation of a wh-phrase with a matrix scope has tended to be syntactically unacceptable unless the sentence reads with a wh-intonation. Previous studies have found two differences in prosodic characteristics between sentences with matrix and embedded scopes. Firstly, peak F0s in wh-phrases produced with an F0 compression wh-intonation are higher than those in indirect questions, and peak F0s in matrix verbs are lower than those in sentences with embedded scope. Secondly, a substantial F0 drop is found at the end of embedded sentences in indirect questions, whereas no F0 reduction at the same point is noticed in sentences with a matrix scope produced with a high plateau wh-intonation. However, these characteristics were not found in our experiment. This showed that a more compelling difference exists in the values obtained from subtraction between the peak F0s of each word (or a word plus an ending or case marker) and the F0s at the end of the word. Specifically, the gap between the peak F0 in a word composed with an embedded verb and the F0 at the end of the word, which is a complementizer in Korean, is large in embedded wh-scope sentences and low in matrix wh-scope sentences.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

The purpose of this research was to find out the relation between Korean learners' English proficiency and the ratio of the length of the stressed vowel in a monosyllabic noun to that of the unstressed vowel in an article of the noun phrases (e.g., "a cup", "the bus", etcs.). Generally, the vowels in monosyllabic content words are phonetically more prominent than the ones in monosyllabic function words as the former have phrasal stress, making the vowels in content words longer in length, higher in pitch, and louder in amplitude. This study, based on the speech samples from Korean-Spoken English Corpus (K-SEC) and Rated Korean-Spoken English Corpus (Rated K-SEC), examined 879 English noun phrases, which are composed of an article and a monosyllabic noun, from sentences which are rated on 4 levels of proficiency. The lengths of the vowels in these 879 target NPs were measured and the ratio of the vowel lengths in nouns to those in articles was calculated. It turned out that the higher the proficiency level, the greater the mean ratio of the vowels in nouns to the vowels in articles, confirming the research's hypothesis. This research thus concluded that for the Korean English learners, the higher the English proficiency level, the better they could produce the stressed and unstressed vowels with more conspicuous length differences between them.