• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2016

치아는 인체중에서도 혹한 환경에서 부분으로 높은 하중과 타액과 같은 강 부식성 매체로 그 환경이 상상을 초월한다. 즉 반복적으로 가해지는 하중(응력)과 침식을 유발하는 타액과 음식물 등이다. 따라서 치아가 쉽게 파괴되거나 썩는 현상이 나타나게 된다. 이렇게 사용되다가 치아의 역할을 다하게 되면 인공치아를 사용하게 되는데 그 재료가 바로 타이타늄(Ti)이다. 생체매식재로 사용되는 Ti는 반응성이 높아 산소와 쉽게 결합하여 표면에 TiO, $TiO_2$, 및 $Ti_2O_3$와 같은 산화피막을 표면에 형성함으로써 뛰어난 부식저항성과 생체적합성을 가지며 생체에 독성이 없고 탄성계수가 골과 비슷하여 골과 임플란트 경계면에서 응력분산에 유리한 성질 등 물리적, 기계적 성질이 뛰어나 외과용 임플란트 재료로 가장 좋은 재료이다. 금속 임플란트의 생체적합도는 임플란트 재료 자체보다는 생체 내 산화막이 화학적으로 불안정할 때 부식이 발생하게 되고 그 결과 금속이온이 주위로 유리되어 조직반응을 일으키므로 금속의 표면을 덮고 있는 산화막에 의해 좌우된다. Ti는 생체불활성재료로서 매식재료로 사용할 경우 뼈와 잘 융합되는 골유착을 나타내나 골과 화학적결합은 하지 않고 골형성을 적극적으로 유도하지 못함으로 환자의 치유기간이 길어지게 된다. 이러한 이유로 골조직내 임플란트의 접합을 개선하기위한 연구가 이루어져 골과의 결합을 높이기 위해 골유착을 일으키는 Ti에 골성장을 유도하는 뼈성분인 하이드록시 아파타이트(HA)라는 물질을 플라즈마 코팅법을 사용하던가 아니면 Hanks' solution내에서 침적 후 HA도금을 하는 방법 등으로 처리하고 있다. 그러나 플라즈마 코팅법은 고온에서 처리를 행하고 Hanks' solution내에 침적할 경우 Ti표면에 밀착도가 저하되거나 합금의 상변화 등으로 인하여 표면처리 과정 중에서 내식성이 크게 감소될 수 있다. 이러한 여러 가지 코팅법을 통하여 골 유착을 증진시키기 위한 연구는 계속되고 있지만 임상적으로 사용 후 문제가 단시일에 발생되는 것도 아니고 수년이 지나야 나타나게 된다. 이러한 방법으로 코팅을 하게 되면 골과 잘 유착이 되어 자연차아와 같은 기능을 하게 된다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 최소화하는 방법이 나노구조를 표면에 형성시켜 골유착을 쉽게 함으로써 이를 개선할 수 있을 것으로 생각되어 본 강의에서는 임플란트의 문제와 사용되는 재료에 대하여 고찰하여 자연치아를 대체 할 수 있는지 알아보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.226-226
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• 2021

Tetractycline은 sulfonamides, penicilines 등과 함께 축산계에서 널리 사용되는 대표적인 항생물질의 한 종류이다. 2011년 사료 내 항생제 투여를 금지한 이후 자가치료 및 예방용으로 사용되고 있으며, 가축의 체내로 투여되는 tetracycline는 주로 분뇨에 포함되어 배출되는데, 강우 등 물 순환에 따라 지표수 및 지하수로 이동하여 미생물에 독성을 일으키거나 내성균이 발생하기도 한다. Tetracycline 등의 항생물질 처리 방식으로 흡착 등 다양한 공정이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산화제 중 하나인 ferrate(VI)를 이용하여 tetracycline 분해실험을 수행하였다. ferrate(VI)는 염소산화물 및 H₂O₂에 비해 비교적 강한 산화력을 가지며, 처리 후 발생되는 철염(Fe³⁺)은 독성이 없다는 장점이 있다. Ferrate(VI)는 병원균 제거 등에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으며, 다양한 난분해성 물질과 항생물질을 성공적으로 분해하여 그 효과를 입증한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 자체적으로 제조한 potassium ferrate(VI)를 이용하여 다양한 수중 환경에서 tetracycline를 분해하고, 분해특성 및 중간생성물 연구를 수행하였다. Ferrate(VI)는 염기성 환경에서 tetracycline 분해효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 pH에 따른 tetracycline과 ferrate(VI)의 이온화가 가장 큰 원인인 것으로 판단된다. 특히 ferrate(VI)는 pH가 낮을수록 쉽게 환원되는 특징이 있으며, 염기성으로 갈수록 안정화하여 오래 잔류하므로 이러한 결과가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 중간생성물 조사 결과, ferrate(VI)와 tetracycline 사이의 분해 메커니즘은 주로 OH 라디칼로 인한 것이 대부분이며, hydroxylation과 amino group에서의 demethylation의 형태로 발생하였다. 이후 추가적인 반응으로 benzene ring이 깨지면서 결과적으로 CO₂ 및 H₂O 등으로 무기물화 되는 것으로 판단된다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2000

The SIMFUEL which composition is similar to PWR nuclear spent fuels was dissolved with a acid digestion bomb. An analytical conditions of ICP-AES for the direct determination of molybdenum in the uranium matrices without separation process were investigated. Based on the effect of uranium on molybdenum intensity. the most optimum wavelengths of molybdenum were found to be 202.030 and 203.844 nm. However, the method of standard additions is applied to overcome the effects of changing background caused by analyzing the sample solutions containing high concentration of uranium and the standard calibration solutions. The relative error of two methods, direct and indirect measurements with cation exchange resin separation procedures, was less than 5%. Therefore it was possible for this procedure to directly measure molybdenum in uranium matrices without separation. And this method was also applied to the determination of several percent of molybdenum in a U-Mo alloy.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1981

Products of ginseng browning reaction were investigated to determine the nature of their antioxidant activity using a model system, White Ginseng and Red Ginseng extracts. In the simulated ginseng model system, the brown color was intensified with an increase in the length of reaction time and the antioxidant activity initially increased in proportion the length of reaction time for up to 17 hrs and then leveled off thereafter. Pararell results were obtained manufacturing of Red Ginseng, Comparison of the antioxidant activity of the inner and outer solutions after dialysis of browning solution showed that the outer solution had a stronger antioxidant activity than the inner one. For further analyses, browning reaction products were fractionated into three peaks on Amberlite CG-120 type I ionexchange resin and designated as fractions I, II and III in order of elution. Partial characterization of the fractions revealed that floe most intense brown fraction (Fraction II) had the strongest antioxidant activity and also exhibited reducing power for Somogyi-Nelson reagents and ninhydrin positive reaction. Both the browning reaction products and Red Ginseng extracts were found to possess potent reactivity with ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}'$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl, whereas White Ginseng extracts showed negligible reactivity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1979

The fertility which is the combined factor is one of the important capability determiants of paddy soils. In this study, we aimed at attaining a quantitative evaluation of soil fertility and further establishing an objective fertility classification on the basis of the fertility evaluation. The samples used in this series studies were collected from Korean paddy field. They include deltas, flood plains, coastal plains, valley plains, fans and low terraces. On the basis of correlation analysis, factor analysis was applied to a set of 15 variables. As a result of factor analysis, five mutually independent and clearly definable fertility component factors were extracted from the 15 variables for the whole 90 surface soil samples. The fertility status of each sample soil could be objectively designated by the score of the five factors. As a means of summarizing the information obtained, taxonomic distances between all pairs of the samples were computed from these five factor scores further to be subjected to numerical taxonomy. Seven fertility groups were formulated, each of which was characterized by one or more of the fertility components. As this fertility classification was based on the present state of soil properties, it would be useful in pointing to the proper direction of further fertility amelioration and improvement for each group to enhance potential productivity of Korean paddy fields.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.419-424
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• 1994

An oil stain on the steel induced by metal working oil was studied on the six kinds of fat and oil compounds(rapeseed oil, oleic acid, methyl oleate, oleyl alcohol, lauryl amino, and lanolin) by MIL-C-22235A test. The samples used for the printing on the oil stain plates were prepared by the addition of fat and oil compounds(10wt% ) and antioxidants(B. H. T, B. T, T. C. P; 0.5wt%) to base oil(spindle oil; 1.5wt% of sulfur). An analysis based on the experimental data indicated that B.T was more effective than B. H. T and T. C. P as antioxidant for inhibiting oil stains. And acid values exerted a bad influence upon the preventation of oil stains. As expected by the chemical structure of fat and oil compound, oleic acid that could react with iron ions produced more stains on the steel pannel.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.781-788
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• 2000

Tellurium in simulated nuclear spent fuels (SIMFUEL) has been determined by hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-AES). Parameters such as concentrations of HCl and $NaBH_4$, flow rate of HCl and $NaBH_4$ were optimized and then the effects of U, Mo, Pd, Rh and Ru on the Te intensity were investigated. A thiourea as a masking agent was used to eliminate or minimize such interferences specially caused by palladium. Tellurium was measured by HG-ICP-AES and ICP-MS after separation of tellurium from SIMFUEL with cation exchange chromatography. The relative deviation between direct measurement and separation method was less than 6% based on the data by ICP-MS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.310-320
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• 1973

The sorption and fixation of cesium in dilute solutions by vermiculite saturated with Na or K were studied in order to investigate any possibibty of its use in radioactive effluent treatment. The cesium sorbed by vermiculite with the increase in pH is attributed to the increase of sorption surface as a result of the dispersion. The increased cesium sorption by Na-vermiculite is due to the different sorption rates by the different exchange sites : external surface and internal surface. It is shown that the larger amount of sorbed cesium was extracted by KCI rather than with any other extractants. It is suggested that the fixation of cesium by vermiculite occurs at the crystal edge where Cs may replace K. Domestic vermiculite is a valuable material for use in the cesium sorption and fixation, and might be useful as a good packing material outside the tank of highly radioactive liquid waste. And from these results one could suggest that the artificial alteration of the biotite to vermiculite might be occurring by treating with NaCl.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2021

While there are increasing demands on biomolecules separation, resin chromatography lacks in terms of throughput and membrane chromatography is an alternative with high binding capacity and enhanced mass transfer properties. Unlike typical membrane processing, where the performance can only be empirically assessed, understanding how mechanisms work in membrane chromatography is decisive to design biospecific processing. This short review covers three separation mechanisms, including affinity interaction modes for selectively capturing bulk molecules using biospecific sites, ion exchange modes for binding biomolecules using net charges and hydrophobic interaction modes for binding targeted, hydrophobic species. The parameters in designing membrane chromatography that should be considered operation-wise or material-wise, are also further detailed in this paper.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2023

Microfluidic preconcentration technologies, which collect or extract low-abundance analytes in a specific location, have been spotlighted in various applications such as medical and bio-engineering. Here, we conducted extensive studies on the variables to be considered when concentrating target samples based on electrophoresis in an electromembrane system utilizing an ion exchange membrane. Using negatively charged Alexa Fluor 488 and positively charged Rhodamine 6G as fluorescent dyes, we examined the effects of flow velocity of the main channel, channel electrolyte concentration, and applied voltage on sample preconcentration. As a result, it was found that the preconcentration of the target sample occurs much better when the flow velocity is slow and the concentration of the main channel containing the sample is high, given that the channel concentration ratio (main and buffer) is constant. In addition, based on the experimental data acquired in this study, the electrophoretic mobility values of Alexa Fluor 488 and Rhodamine 6G were experimentally calculated and compared.