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  • 제목/요약/키워드: 한계요소

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Fabrication of Cu-doped PPy electrode for urea sensor (요소측정용 바이오센서를 위한 Cu-doped PPy electrode의 제작)

  • Yang, Jung-Hoon;Jin, Joon-Hyung;Song, Min-Jung;Yoon, Dong-Hwa;Min, Nam-Ki;Hong, Suk-In
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2002.07c
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    • pp.2000-2002
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    • 2002
  • 신장병의 조기진단을 위해서 체내의 요소 농도의 정확한 측정은 매우 중요하며, 이러한 이유에서 많은 연구자들은 보다 빠르고 정확한 체내의 요소농도 측정을 위한 바이오센서를 개발 중이다. 본 논문은 반도체 공정을 이용하여 산화막(4.000\AA)이 성장된 p-형 실리콘 웨이퍼를 사용하였다. RF sputter를 사용하여 티타늄과 백금을 증착한 백금 박막전극을 제작하였다. 그 위에 전도성 고분자인 Polypyrrole(PPy)과 전도도를 증가시키기 위하여 구리를 도펀트로 사용 scan rate 40mV/S 0.80.8V 전위영역에서 산화적 전기 중합법 (anodical electropolymerization)을 이용하여 전극을 형성하였다. 요소를 2개의 암모늄 이온과 1개의 탄산 이온으로의 가수분해반응을 촉매하는 효소로써 유레이즈(urease)를 전기적 흡착방법을 이용하여 고정화하고 이에 요소농도의 변화에 대하여 시간대 전류법 (chronoamperometry:CA)을 사용하여 감도를 측정하였다. 최적화된 조건하에서 요소농도에 비례하여 Cu-doped PPy electrode로부터 얻어진 확산한계전류는 4.5μA/decade의 기울기를 나타내었다. 전극의 표면은 SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy)과 EDX(Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer)를 이용하여 분석 하였다.

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A Study on Semi-automatic Feature Extraction Using False Color Aerial Image (천연색 항공영상을 이용한 지형요소 반자동 추출에 관한 연구)

  • 김감래;김경록;전호원
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2001
  • Recently, in accordance with the introduction of Digital Photogrammetry Systems the use of Digital ortho-photo images have increased and progressed in the study which extract the features from digital ortho-photo image semi-automatically or automatically. However, there are a limit. It has proved in many studies that recognition of the attribution or the features from panchromatic aerial photo is restricted. In this study, I compared color aerial images with panchromatic aerial images and analyzed the characteristics of color aerial images and feature entities which can be extracted semi-automatically. I analyzed extracted feature entities are compared with digital map at a scale of 1:5,000 have constructed in National Geography Institute. With this result, I analyzed the capability of feature extraction and proposed a plan for the study in the future.

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Chatbot UX in a Mobile Environment (모바일 환경에서의 챗봇 UX)

  • Lee, Young-Ju
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.17 no.11
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    • pp.517-522
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    • 2019
  • In many businesses, chatbots enhance the user experience by providing the most immediate and direct feedback to user questions. The area of use of chatbots is growing. In this study, the three types of chatbot definition, command method, function, and platform are classified according to their distinct factors. In the process, the functional delimiter element is necessary for the Chatbot UX, which is a key technical element of the functional part of pattern recognition, natural language processing, semantic web, text mining, and context-aware computing. However, the limitations at this stage were also known. Based on this, we analyzed the chatbot's UX elements for Facebook, Skype, Telegram, and Google Assistant for a better user experience. Basic UI elements such as cards, quick response, command, and application of persistent menus are needed as user experience elements.

An Assessment of Safety Factor for Tunnels Excavated in a Weak Rock Layer (연약 암반층에 굴착된 터널의 안전율 평가)

  • You, Kwang-Ho;Park, Yeon-Jun;Bae, Gyu-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.47-57
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    • 2000
  • It is difficult to calculate factor of safety of a tunnel by applying any analytical method based upon limit equilibrium method since the shape of failure plane in tunnel analysis can not be easily assumed in advance. To cope with this shortcoming, a method is suggested to calculate safety factor of a tunnel by numerical analysis using strength reduction technique. A circular tunnel excavated in a homogeneous rock was selected as an example problem and factors of safety were calculated for no-supported, partly-supported, and completely-supported cases respectively. Meshes with 3 different sizes were examined for a sensitivity analysis. For the verification of the proposed method, a limit equilibrium analysis was conducted and compared with the numerical analysis. The proposed method herein can be used to calculate factor of safety of a tunnel regardless of tunnel shape or geological conditions, and thus can contribute for the improved design and stability assessment of tunnels.

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Stability Assessment of Abandoned Gangway for Commercial Utilization of Services (서비스업 활용을 위한 광산 폐갱도의 안정성 평가)

  • SunWoo, Choon;Chung, So-Keul;Lee, Yun-Su;Kang, Sang-Soo;Kang, Jung-Seok
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 2012
  • The stability assessment of abandoned gangway for the purpose of services was performed. Among the many factors that affect the stability of openings, the span of the opening in a given rock mass condition provides an important element of design. In this paper, the stability of gangway was assessed by the critical span curves proposed by Lang, the modified Mathews'stability graph method and using support measures of the Q system. In the evaluation of stability as a whole the gangway is considered as stable. But the rockfalls of wedge-shaped blocks were expected in the area in which the horizontal joints of low angle appear. The support measures such as local rock bolts are required to use for commercial purposes of the abandoned gangway. And entrance section may require the particular attention as unstable section. Since there are so many spalling due to bad blasting in the roof and sidewall of gangway, the scaling operations should be followed primarily.

Realtime Multimedia e-Learning system research by using expanded SCORM (SCORM 표준 확장을 이용한 실시간 멀티미디어 e-Learning 시스템 연구)

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun;Hwang, Doo-Hong;Lee, Joo-Hwan;Kim, Won-Il
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we propose the standardized idea for learning environment of e-Learning 2.0 (originated from Web 2.0 paradigm) to overcome limitations of current passive e-Learning environment. Because current LMS/ LCMS which manages e-learning systems has the limitation of providing various interactive elements when people use video contents to study, it lacks real-timeness and interactivity between teacher-learner and learner-learner in the operation of video contents and has difficulty in measuring accurate progress rate of learners in the process of teaching-learning. Therefore, we designed multimedia contents(both-way learning requisite) to overcome limitations of current e-Learning system and to maximize the effect of learning of learners so that it makes possible to interact between learners and teachers in realtime. For this, this thesis designs the standardized idea based on expanded SCORM standard which is now used for manufacturing LMS/LCMS, and according to ideas we have proposed, it implements e-learning multimedia environment.

A Multiple User Class Congestion Pricing Model and Equity (혼잡통행료 산정모형의 개발 및 계층간 형평성 연구)

  • Im, Yong-Taek;Kim, Byeong-Gwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.183-193
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    • 2007
  • Traditionally, a congestion charge based on first-best congestion pricing theory, namely, the theory of marginal cost pricing theory, is equal to the difference between marginal social cost and marginal private cost. It is charged on each link so as to derive a user equilibrium flow pattern to a system optimal one. Based on this theory this paper investigates on the characteristics of first-best congestion pricing of multiple user class on road with variable demand, and presents two methods for analysis of social and spatial equity. For these purposes, we study on the characteristics of first-best congestion pricing derived from system optimal in time and in monetary unit, and analyze equity from this congestion pricing with an example network.

Distorted Bounding Surface of Clay with Consideration of the Effect of Temperature on Shearing Response (전단시 온도 영향을 고려한 점성토의 왜곡 경계면 모델 개발)

  • Woo, Sang Inn;Yune, Chan-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.36 no.12
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2020
  • The present research focuses on a methodology to describe shearing response of clay with respect to temperature. An increase of temperature shifts the normal consolidation line to move down in the plane of void ratio and mean effective stress. The critical state line, however, does not move as much as the normal consolidation line in accordance with temperature increase. As temperature increase, therefore, the difference between the critical state mean effective stress and the pre-consolidation pressure reduces. To reflect this easily, the present study applies a bounding surface consisting of two parts divided by the critical state mean effective stress. This study calibrated a bounding surface for the soft Bangkok clay and performed elemental simulation for undrained triaxial compression tests. The elemental simulation showed that the model can describe the mechanical response upon temperature of clay without complex hardening and evolution rules compared to the experimental data.

Integrative Literature Review of Flow Experience and Intrinsic Motivation Decrease (운동몰입의 경험과 내적동기 저하에 관한 고찰)

  • Jung Min Son;Min-Seong Ha;Minchul Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.1001-1009
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    • 2023
  • Flow is a concept closely related to intrinsic motivation and is considered a positive factor in sports performance in sports psychology. The purpose of this study was to confirm the addictive nature of Flow through previous studies and propose a new hypothesis that Flow may decrease intrinsic motivation in the long term, unlike previous studies. In line with adaptation level theory and the law of diminishing marginal utility, the satisfaction derived from Flow is continuously decreasing. At some point, the individual's progress is limited and they reach a point where they no longer experience FLOW. However, the individual will continue to try because the desire to experience FLOW again exists. However, failure to experience FLOW and repeated failure will lead to sadness, which will decrease intrinsic motivation.

Analyzing Assessment Factors to Develop a Privacy Impact Assessment Pre-Diagnostic Tool (개인정보 영향평가 사전진단도구 개발을 위한 평가 요소 분석)

  • Young-Ae Jung
    • Journal of Platform Technology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.151-163
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    • 2024
  • The Privacy Impact Assessment, PIPA in Korea refers to the process of analyzing risk factors and identifying improvements that must be carried out by organizations that operate personal information files as stipulated in Article 33 of the Personal Information Protection Act, PIPA and Article 35 of the Enforcement Decree of the PIPA. There are two main limitations of the PIA in Korea. The first limitation is that the targets of the PIA are limited to public institutions and organizations that are legally equivalent to public institutions, and the second limitation is that only organizations with adequate manpower, facilities, and other necessary requirements which are regulated upon the Enforcement Decree of the PIPA can conduct a PIA. This paper proposes to develop a preliminary diagnostic tool that can be performed by private companies, small and medium-sized venture companies, and small businesses in the era of rapidly developing data in recent years and presents an analysis of specific assessment factors. The results of this study are provided in the form of a self-checklist, which is expected to serve as a pre-diagnostic tool for the PIA that can be easily accessed by the general public. It is also expected to contribute to strengthening privacy protection and achieving legal compliance at the national level.

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