• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 2008

This study was carried out to assess quantitatively the safety of a tunnel by using critical strains in the ground. Critical strain is a new material property of the ground. It can be applied as deformation limits in the ground due to excavation using the measured displacement at the tunnel construction site. To achieve this purpose, the critical strain concept was reviewed and applied to assess the tunnel safety. First of all, the calculated excavation displacements of a circular tunnel by commercial programs were investigated and inputted into a feedback analysis module to calculate strains in the ground. Then the safety of tunnels was evaluated based on the critical strain concept. Subsequently the measured displacements obtained in the field are utilized practically to assess the safety of tunnels using the critical strain concept. Through this study, it was confirmed that the critical strain concept is useful to assess the safety of tunnels quantitatively.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2009

This paper discusses an application method of critical strains concept for tunnels' safety by using the values of measured displacements which are obtained in the field. The aim of this paper is to: (1) study on the engineering meanings of critical strains concept by reviewing the previous researches and application examples with measured displacement values; (2) study on the engineering reasonability of critical strains concept with the view point of a tunnel engineering and a geotechnical engineering; (3) study on the features of ground deformation due to tunneling and reciprocal relation between total displacement and measured displacement; (4) evaluate a tunnel safety by using domestic measurements collected in the field; and (5) re-evaluate the control criteria which were previously used in the field, with the view point of critical strains concept. Consequently, it was confirmed that critical strains in the ground has a reasonability and a possibility of unified or common concept with the view point of a tunnel engineering.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2008

Critical strain is a new material property of the ground. Critical strain concept which was established in tunnel engineering can be applied to deformation limits in the ground due to tunneling by using the measured displacement at the tunnel construction site. In this study, quantitative evaluations for the tunnel stability are conducted by analysing the displacement results obtained at the construction field. Especially, critical stain concept was reviewed from a total displacement point of view using the displacements occurring before excavation. As a results, the variation characteristics of the tunnel stability are presented on the critical strain diagram with or without the preceeding displacements.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 1989

평면변형조건에서 성형한계를 빠르고 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하는 것도 중요하다. 평면변형조건에서의 성형한계를 구하는 데에는 펀치 스트레칭이 주로 이용되지만 그 외에도 여러 가지 방법들이 시도되고 있다. 평면변형조건에서 펀치스트레칭 시험을 행하여 파단이 일 어날 때까지의 펀치 행정거리를 한계 돔 높이(limiting dome height)라 하여 선진 제국에서는 박판금속의 성형성에 대한 품질관리 수단으로서 이용하고 있다. 우리나라의 박판금속의 성형 업계에서도 새로운 공정의 개발에 있어서 성형한계도와 변형측정법을 이용하므로서 시행착오를 줄이고, 한계돔 높이에 의한 품질관리기법을 이용하므로서 불량율저감 및 생산성 향상을 기할 필요가 있다 하겠다. 각종 재료에 대하여 측정한 성형한계에 관한 자료는 그 대표적인 값(예를 들면, 평면변형에서의 성형한계 값)으로서 컴퓨터에 저장하여두면 성형성에 대한 CAE에 의한 분석시에 편리하게 이용될 수 있다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6C
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• pp.321-329
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• 2009

Laboratory compressive test was conducted on 6 different types of rock in order to investigate the characteristic of critical strain under uniaxial and triaxial stress condition. The results of uniaxial compressive test mostly ranged within 1~100MPa, the critical strain was also located between 0.1~1.0%. Therefore the results distributed within the upper and lower boundary proposed by Sakurai (1982). And the failure/critical strain ratio (${\varepsilon}_f/{\varepsilon}_0$) showed between 1.0~1.8 value depending on the uniaxial compressive strength. The results of critical strain by triaxial compressive test showed below 0.8% value for all test, the M value calculated from uniaxial and triaxial compressive test results ranged 1.0~8.0 for most of rock specimens. It is concluded that failure strain (${\varepsilon}_{f3}$) of rock mass, which is in triaxial stress condition is larger than the results of uniaxial stress condition (${\varepsilon}_{f1}$) by 1.0~8.0 times and value showed 1.0~1.8 larger value than critical strain (${\varepsilon}_{01}$). Therefore it is a conservative way for rock tunnel to use critical strain (${\varepsilon}_{01}$) calculated from a uniaxial compressive strength on tunnel displacement monitoring.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1407-1416
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 Liu의 수식화를 바탕으로 가공 경화성을 고려하여 수식화를 재 구성하고, 유한요소 프로그램을 개발하여 평면 변형 인발문제를 극한 해석함으로써, 성형에 필요한 한계 하중 및 최적 속도장을 직접적으로 구하였다.수렴되어진 최적 속도장으로 각 요송에서의 변형률 속도, 변형률 및 격자 변형등을 수치적으로 계산함 으로써 가공에 따른 변형 특성도 파악하였다. 한계 하중은 항공기 구조용 소재인 알 루미늄 6061 재료를 이용하여 판재 인발 실험을 행함으로써 얻은 결과치와 비교 검토 하였으며, 유동 특성을 관찰하기 위하여 격자 왜곡(grid distortion) 실험을 하여 얻 은 변형 패턴과 수치 계산에서 구한 격자변형 패턴을 상호 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

In this paper, the quantitative damage index for reinforced concrete (RC) columns with non-seismic details were presented. They are necessary to carry out the postearthquake safety evaluation of RC buildings under 5 stories without seismic details. The static cyclic test of the RC frame sub-assemblage that was an one span and actual-sized was first conducted. The specimen collapsed by the shear failure after flexural yielding of a column, lots of cracks on the surfaces of columns and beam-column joints and the cover concrete splitting at the bottom of columns occurred. The damage levels of these kinds of columns with non-seismic details were classified to five based on the load-displacement relationship by the test result. The residual story drift ratios and crack widths were then adapted as the quantitative index to evaluate the damage limit states because those values were comparatively easy to measure right after earthquakes. The highest one among the residual story drift ratios under the similar maximum story drift ratio decided on the residual story drift ratio of each damage limit state. On the other hand, the lowest and average ones among the respective residual shear and flexural widths under the similar maximum story drift ratio decided on the residual shear and flexural widths of each damage limit state, respectively. These values for each damage limit state resulted in being smaller than those by the international damage evaluation guidelines that are for seismically designed members under the same deformations.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.557-560
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 건물의 규모, 용도 및 형식 등에 따라 다양하게 요구되는 성능에 대응할 수 있도록 하기 위한 성능설계에 대한 개념을 검증하고, 강구조 건축물의 특성을 고려한 성능레벨 및 성능한계에 대한 분류방법을 제안하였다. 또한 강구조 건축물의 경우 강도가 높고 경량인 특성에 의해 다른 구조형식에서는 크게 고려하지 않아도 되는 거주성능 및 진동특성을 제어하여 기능을 유지하기 위한 성능레벨을 설정하여 구조물이 항복하기 전의 성능레벨을 기능유지 및 무손상의 2단계로 제시하고, 이 때의 한계치를 기능한계 및 손상한계로 구분하였다. 강구조 건축물의 손상한계를 정의하기 위해 강구조 건축물의 설계 예를 이용하여 항복 층간변형각을 조사하였다. 그 결과 구조물의 손상발생을 억제할 수 있는 손상한계를 규정하기 위해 주로 사용하고 있는 층간변형각은 구조형식 및 설계방법에 따라 편차가 크게 나타나고 있으므로 손상한계치의 층간변형각을 임의로 설정하는 것은 매우 어려우며 향후 이에 대한 해석적, 실험적 검증이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.129-136
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 석탄회 매립지반의 액상화 가능성을 평가하기 위해 순수 모래시료와 더불어서 모래시료와 석탄회가 혼합된 모래시료에 대한 일련의 진동삼축실험을 변형률제어 방법으로 수행하였다. 실험결과 진동하중에 의해서 시료 내에 발생하는 간극수압의 크기는 작용하는 전단변형률의 크기에 심각하게 영향을 받고, 작용하는 전단변형률이 지반의 한계전단변형률 보다 작은 경우에는 진동수가 높은 조건에서도 간극수압이 발생하지 않음을 알았다. 또한 전단변형률이 약 0.1%보다 작고 한계전단변형률에 가까운 경우에는 순수 모래시료와 비교하여 본 논문에서 조사한 석탄회 함유율 범위 (10%~30%)의 시료에서 간극수압이 더 크게 발생하였다. 반면에, 전단변형률이 큰 경우에는 순수 모래시료에서 간극수압이 크게 발생하는 추세를 보였다. 반복 전단에 따른 간극수압의 발생량은 전반적으로 석탄회 함유율이 증가할수록 커지는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 해안이나 하천에 인접한 한계지 개발에 있어서 사질토에 석탄회를 혼합 매립하여 지반을 조성하는 경우에 액상화에 대해서 불안정한 지반이 될 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2003

In this paper, the cyclic soil behavior model. which can accommodate the cyclic hardening, was developed by modifying the original parallel IWAN model. In order to consider the irrecoverable plastic strain of soil. the cyclic threshold strain, above which the backbone curve deviates from the original curve, was defined and the accumulated strain was determined by summation of the strains above the cyclic threshold in the stress-strain curve with applying Masing rule on unloading and reloading curves. The isotropic hardening elements are attached to the original parallel IWAN model and the slip stresses in the isotropic hardening elements are shown to increase according to the hardening functions. The hardening functions have a single parameter to account for the cyclic hardening and are defined by the symmetric limit cyclic loading test in forms of accumulated shear strain. The model development procedures are included in this paper and the verifications of developed model are discussed in the companion paper.