• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 1999

From the anodic peak currents of cyclic voltammograms for Ag(I)/Ag(II) couple obtained with the variation of nitric acid concentration, Ag(I) concentration and solution temperature at a Pt electrode in concentrated nitric acid solutions, the diffusion coefficients of Ag(I) ion were evaluated to estimate the limiting current density of Ag(II)-mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process, which has been effectively used for the complete destruction of hazardous organic materials. The results showed that, due to the water decomposition reaction which occurred simultaneously with the Ag(I) ion oxidation, background subtractions for the cyclic voltammograms were required to estimate the correct peak currents. The empirical relationship for the diffusion coefficient of Ag(I) was suggested as a function of solution viscosity and temperature.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.443-453
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• 2004

Toluene is currently used as a major organic solvent of glues which are abused by the youngster for its hallucinogenic effect. In this study, toluene determination method using headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) in the biological fluids like blood, urine and saliva of glue sniffers was validated and related uncertainties were estimated. LOD of $0.01{\mu}g/mL$ in saliva and LOQ of $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ in blood were the highest among LODs and LOQs in urine, blood and saliva. Other performance characteristics such as linearity, working range, accuracy, precision and recovery were also measured. The uncertainty at toluene concentration of $1{\mu}g/mL$ was estimated to be 0.13, 0.09 and $0.17{\mu}g/mL$ for blood, urine and saliva, respectively, and the uncertainty contribution from the least linear regression was dominant at the lower concentration of toluene.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.306-310
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• 2013

We compared the efficacy of the competitive ELISA method for measuring the level of urinary aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) with that of the HPLC-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) method. The recovery rate of AFM1 with the ELISA method was 105% (73-124%), and the coefficient of variation of the analysis was 6.85%. The ELISA method showed a 0.20 pg/ml and 0.62 pg/ml limit of detection and limit of quantitation, respectively. In correlation analysis, the two methods showed a very strong and statistically significant correlation (R=0.96, p<0.01). However, in spite of the strong correlation, the ELISA method tended to overestimate the urinary AFM1 concentration compared to the HPLC-FLD method. These results suggest that the competitive ELISA method may be a useful technique for measuring the AFM1 level in high-throughput urine samples, but it needs to be corrected with a regression equation from regression analysis with the HPLC-FLD method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.112-113
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• 2021

하천으로 유입되는 오염물질은 유수의 흐름에 따라 이송되며 혼합된다. 이러한 오염물질의 해석을 위해서는 확산 또는 분산계수 산정이 필요하다. 오염물질의 거동과 관련된 실험적 연구는 방사선 동위원소와 형광성 물질을 이용하여 수행되어 왔으나, 추적자 실험은 많은 비용 및 인력을 요하며, 고정식으로 설치한 계측장비로부터 수집한 시계열 농도자료만을 이용하여 분석하기 때문에 공간적 분포에 대한 자료 취득은 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 하천의 오염물질을 모니터링하기 위해서는 공간을 이동하는 입자의 관점에서 물리량을 표현하는 Lagrangian 방식보다 특정 위치에서 물리량 변화를 표현하는 Eulerian 방식이 적합하다. 그러나 드론을 활용한 하천원격탐사 연구의 대부분은 이동식 플랫폼으로 활용되어 특정 시간에 공간적 분광특성의 분포 파악이 한정적이며, 동일 지점에서 분광특성의 시간적 변화를 파악할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 면단위를 측정하는 이동식 플랫폼의 한계를 극복하고 하천 모니터링에 적합한 Eulerian 방식을 적용하기 위하여 CCTV 형태의 고정식 초분광촬영 플랫폼을 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 하천으로 유입되는 오염물질의 거동을 분석하기 위하여 자연하천에서 형광성물질인 Rhodamine WT를 이용하여 추적자 실험을 수행하였으며, 접촉식 센서를 활용한 농도측정과 동시에 드론과 초분광센서를 활용하여 CCTV 형태의 고정식 초분광영상을 획득하였다. 실험결과 도출된 전통적인 방식의 분산계수 산정과 시공간 초분광영상을 활용한 분산계수 산정을 비교하여 오염물질 거동 분석에 초분광영상 활용의 가능성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 드론기반 시공간 초분광영상 기법을 교량이나 기타 하천구조물에 초분광 센서를 설치하여 CCTV형식으로 활용할 경우, 공단이나 하·폐수 처리장 등의 점오염원이 밀집해 있는 지역에 직접 설치하여 화학사고의 감지 및 오염물질의 유출 확인 및 조류, 부유사 등의 다양한 수질항목의 농도 변화 감지가 가능하고, 수심변화 감지로 장기적으로 활용할 경우 특정 지점에서의 하상변동 조사가 가능하다. 또한, 오염물질의 유출 사고 발생 등의 사람이 직접 접근이 불가능한 지역에 드론을 활용하여 초분광센서를 이용한 오염물질 감지가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.425-430
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the performance of a portable colorimeter used for the measurements of atmospheric ammonia against the more reliable method like UV/VIS spectrophotometer. For the purpose of this study, we tested a portable colorimeter and UV/VIS spectrophotometer for such basic analytical parameters as detectibility, reproducibility, linearity, and accuracy. According to our study, the performance of the colorimeter was fairly good to show a good agreement with the UV/VIS system. However, the performance of colorimeter suffered from both low and high concentration ranges: it was found to have very poor reproducibility at lower concentration (below $10\mu}g$), while its linear dynamic range was limited at the upper end (e.g., near $100{\mu}g$). If we assume that air samples are collected up to 30 liter, it implies that the colorimeter can be used to measure samples containing NH3 in the range of 500 ppb to 5 ppm (without the aid of diluting technique). Consequently, we recommend the use of such instrument with the awareness of its basic properties pertaining to the fundamental performance (such as its detectable range).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.419-425
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• 1988

The clarified apple juice was pre-concentrated by reverse osmosis system as a trial for reduction of heat treating time and quality drop in concentration of the juice. The permeate fluxes through CA 865 and CA 960 membranes were higher than those of HR 95 and HR 98 membranes even at the low operating pressure. In the concentration limit depended on the membranes used, HR membranes operated at 60 bar showed $29.0^{\circ}$Brix, and the time required to reach the limit was 86 min for HR 95 and 71 min for HR 98. In cases of CA membranes run at 30 bar, the juice concentration was linearly increased without the limit, and longer time to reach the same concentration was required in comparison with HR membranes. As the juice concentration was increased, the loss of soluble solids was increased, and the average contents of soluble solids in the permeate passed through HR 95, HR 98, CA 865 and CA 960 were 1.3, 0.5, 7.5 and $2.3^{\circ}$ Brix, respectively, in the juice concentration range of 20.0 -$25.0^{\circ}$ Brix. The lower amounts of sugars, total acid and flavor volatiles were involved in the permeate through HR membranes, especially HR 98 than in the permeate through CA membranes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2011

This study was performed to compare international analytical methods of bromide and applied to determine bromide in bottled mineral water and raw ground water in Korea. Bromide in water was eluted by 10~50 mM potassium hydroxide (KOH) and determined by ion chromatography-suppressed conductivity detector (IC-CD). Sample was purified with Ba- and H-on-guard cartridge and $0.2\;{\mu}m$ membrane filter. The method detection limit (MDL) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of bromide were 0.2 and $0.5\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The calibration curve showed good lineality above 0.9993 in the ranges of the $0.5\sim80\;{\mu}g/L$. A correlation coefficient of bromide in ground water and sum of bromide and bromate in bottled mineral water is 0.808.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

Hydrogen in hydrogen-electric vehicles has a wide range of combustion and explosion ranges, and is a combustible gas with a very fast flame propagation speed, so it has the risk of leakage, diffusion, ignition, and explosion. The fuel tank has a Thermally active Pressure Relief Device (TPRD) to reduce the risk of explosion and other explosions, and in the event of an accident, hydrogen inside the tank is released outside before an explosion or fire occurs. However, if an accident occurs in a semi-closed space such as an underground parking lot, the flow of air flow is smaller than the open space, which can cause the concentration of hydrogen gas emitted from the TPRD to accumulate above the explosion limit. Therefore, in this study, the leakage rate and concentration of hydrogen over time were analyzed according to the diameter of the nozzle of the TPRD. The diameter of the nozzle was considered to be 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm, and ccording to the diameter of the nozzle, the concentration of hydrogen in the underground parking lot increases in a faster time with the diameter of the nozzle, and the maximum value is also analyzed to be larger with the diameter of the nozzle. In underground parking lots where air currents are stagnant, hydrogen concentrations above LFL (Lowe Flammability Limit) were analyzed to be distributed around the nozzle, and it was analyzed that they did not exceed UFL (Upper Flammability Limit).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1012-1016
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• 2006

최근 오염총량관리제도를 위한 오염부하량의 관리문제가 대두되면서 이를 위한 수질분석의 중요성이 인식되고 있다. 그러나 시간적 변화를 가진 유입유량, 유입부하량 자료의 한계로 인하여 기준유량을 대상으로 하는 정적수질분석의 결과가 환경정책에 반영되고 있는 실정이며, 이는 하천유량의 변동과 강우 시 비점오염부하량을 무시한 지극히 제한된 분석에 국한되어 있다. 따라서 시간적 변화를 가진 동적수질분석의 결과가 정책에 반영되기 위해서는 자료의 확보가 우선이다. 본 연구에서는 월 별, 소유역 별 시계열 자료 확보를 위하여 합리적이고 사용이 용이한 방법을 제시하였다. 유출량의 경우, 기존의 비유량법과는 달리 저류효과를 고려한 토양수분 저류구조 Tank모형을 적용하여 장기간의 유출량을 산정하였고, 유출농도의 경우, 기존 인접유역의 동일 유달계수 적용과는 달리, 월 오염부하총량비와 유역오염부하 전달함수를 이용하여 월 별, 소유역 별, 수질변수 별 유출농도를 산정하였다. 산정된 유출량과 유출농도는 남강댐 상류유역 하천에서 WASP 모형을 가지고 동적수질분석을 하기 위하여 적용되었다. 그 결과 적절한 오염물질 농도곡선을 얻을 수 있었으며, 제안된 가정의 적용 가능성은 충분하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.265-274
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• 1992

A mathematical model was proposed to predict the fate of a priority organic pollutant, anthracene, accidently spilled into a stream. The model consists of 6 differential equations with 5 input variables and 9 rate constants. Volatilization, biodegradation, adsorption/desorption, photodegradation as well as the convective inputs and outputs are included in the model. As a result of a series of dynamic simulations and sensitivity analyses under the given conditions, the concentrations of the organic chemical could be predicted within a detection limit in the stream. It was also suggested that the rate constant for diffusion/transport and adsorption rate constant are the most influential ones for predicting the chemical conentrations in dissolved and particulate phase. The model proposed appears to be a useful tool for assessing chemical spills.