• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.321-332
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• 2020

Decentralized approaches are extensively researched by academia and industry in order to cover up the flaws of existing systems in terms of data privacy. Blockchain and decentralized learning are prominent representatives of a deconcentrated approach. Blockchain is secure by design since the data record is irrevocable, tamper-resistant, consensus-based decision making, and inexpensive of overall transactions. On the other hand, decentralized learning empowers a number of devices collectively in improving a deep learning model without exposing the dataset publicly. To motivate participants to use their resources in building models, a decent and proportional incentive system is a necessity. A centralized incentive mechanism is likely inconvenient to be adopted in decentralized learning since it relies on the middleman that still suffers from bottleneck issues. Therefore, we design an incentive model for decentralized learning applications by leveraging the Ethereum smart contract. The simulation results satisfy the design goals. We also outline the concerns in implementing the presented scheme for sensitive data regarding privacy and data leakage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.362-373
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• 2020

This study examined the ordering effects of caption use on the English learning of aviation students. This study focused on the use of captions and the students' self-confidence, interest, and motivation for English learning. Sixty participants were divided randomly into the Caption 1 group (n = 30) and Caption 2 group (n = 30). During 16 weeks, the Caption 1 group was exposed to captioned media first, and then the same media with no captions was provided. The Caption 2 group was exposed to the non-captioned media first and then provided with captions on the second exposure. A survey was given to assess the attitude of each group to English learning. The survey results showed that all participants revealed moderately positive satisfaction on the use of captions in EFL classes. Regarding the ordering effects of caption use, the findings showed that the first exposure to the captions results in the students' self-confidence and interest. The second exposure to the captions, however, was beneficial for improving the students' motivation. From these findings, several pedagogical implications can be suggested.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.253-266
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• 2002

Web Based Instruction has its theoretical background in constructivism paradigm of education. According to social changes called information era and thanks to the sophisticated internet mechanism the constructivism in education has been dominant paradigm. In this paradigm information and knowledge are not merely given by a instructor facing the loaners. This system of instruction has n almost every field of discipline introduced. This article aims to examine how far WBI and constructivism are applicable for design education. Richard Branchia predicted that the learner oriented instruction method would become the dominant education system. He stressed an interactivity of the teacher and students. Upon this can the applicability of WBI for design education be affirmed. Furthermore, there is a dozen of successful cases like www.cyberartcenter.com) (www.digitalyeil.co.kr)', http://www.schooleweb.co.kr/, htp://www.startstudy.co.kr/among many others. This article suggests several ways to solve the problems web based design education faces, including the lesson should inevitably combine the outline and of online study.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

The purpose of this research was to explore the influence of a mother's motivational beliefs in the context of the child education and parent-teacher relationship and the impact that it has on the learning related skills of young children. The participants in this study consisted of 243 mothers of 4~5 years old children and 20 teachers in 5 child education centers located in Seoul, Korea. The data was analyzed by means of using statistical method such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, there were significant differences between parent-teacher relationship and learning related skills of young children according to the children's sex and maternal educational level. Second, children's sex, maternal educational level, and the parent-teacher relationship were significantly related with the learning related skills of young children. Last, mother's motivational beliefs in the context of child education and the parent-teacher relationship directly influenced the learning related skills of young children. The results of this study suggest that positive parent-teacher relationships are important for developing the learning related skills of young children and this in turn can predict the level of children's adjustment and success in school.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.609-616
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of 3-level systematic drawing upon students' achievement, conceptions, learning motivation, perceptions of involvement and attitudes toward science instruction. Two classes of 7th grade at a coed middle school were assigned to the control and the treatment groups. They were taught about change of states and motion of molecules for 8 class periods. Two-way ANCOVA results revealed that the scores of achievement test, a conceptions test, motivation and attitudes toward science instruction tests for the treatment group were significantly higher than those for the control group. But there was no difference in the scores of the perceptions of involvement test.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.227-245
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• 2017

This study mainly investigates the motivations of YouTube and Flicker users for posting videos or images/photos on each service. The motivational framework with ten factors such as enjoyment, self-efficacy, learning, personal gain, altruism, empathy, social engagement, community interest, reputation and reciprocity were used to test the motivations. Those who are users of YouTube and Flickr were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to participate in online surveys. Findings show that learning and social engagement are the two most highly rated motivations. Altruism was rated relatively low, although it was strongly correlated with all other motivations. Personal gain was rated as the lowest by both users but Flickr users rated personal gain higher than YouTube users. Findings from this study could be applicable to specify user motivations for using the services and to upgrade the designs of the services in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.866-878
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• 2012

The Natural Science High School is specialized in vocational education or training related to natural sciences such as biology or chemistry. Therefore, natural science high school students are expected to possess a high level of science learning motivation. This study aims to explore natural science high school students' level and structure of science learning motivation by comparing students in general high school. One hundred ninety three students from a natural science high school and 208 from a general high school participated in this study. We administered a questionnaire that consisted of seven science motivation components: 1) career motivation; 2) science grade motivation; 3) understanding the relevance of scientific knowledge; 4) need for learning science; 5) self-determination; 6) self-efficacy; and 7) attitudes toward science class. We employed independent t-test, path analysis, bivariate correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression for the statistical analyses. Our findings illustrated that the natural science high school students' levels on all seven variables were significantly lower than the general high school students.' The path analysis illustrated that career motivation and science grade motivation had relatively stronger influence on self-determination and self-efficacy in the natural science high school student sample than in the general high student sample. The explanatory powers of four independent variables (career motivation, science grade motivation, understanding the relevance of scientific knowledge, and need for learning science) predicting self-determination and self-efficacy were 30% higher in the natural science high school student sample than in the general science high student sample. These results suggested that natural science high school students' science learning motivation may be easier to change by extrinsic motivations such as career and science grade motivation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.508-516
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• 2002

This study investigated the influences of group composition in cooperative computer-assisted instruction (CAI) upon students' conceptual understandings, application abilities, learning motivations, and the perceptions of involvement. Seventh graders (N=97) were selected from a co-ed middle school in Seoul, and taught about 'motion of molecules' for 5 class hours. In the two treatment groups with cooperative CAI strategy, homogeneous and heterogeneous small groups were organized by the previous science achievement. Traditional instructions were administered to the comparison group. Two-way ANCOVA results revealed that the scores of the conception test for the treatment groups were significantly higher than those for the comparison group. However, there was no difference between the homogeneous and the heterogeneous groups. The scores of the three groups did not differ significantly in the application test and the learning motivation test. However, the perceptions of involvement for the treatment groups were more positive than those for the comparison group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.261-266
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• 2012

This research has been conducted to investigate the satisfaction level of the learners on after school caring education and the mechanism to improve the drawbacks. In doing so, questionnaire has been carried out on the learners who have finished after school caring education. The results indicates that satisfaction level have been the highest in those who are not married(SD=27.18), has graduated high school(SD=25.55), earn between 2mil and 3mil Won a month(SD=27,42), participate in the program through internet(SD=25.91) respectively. In addition, there have not been significant differences in the level of satisfaction according to motivating factors including benefits for obtaining certificate(SD=27.12), benefits for finding job(SD=26.76), benefit for leisure activity(SD=26.20) and benefit for promotion(SD=24,32). These results imply that there needs to be educational facility and program which can satisfy the learners.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to develop an application that utilizes educational tools on the Smart-Phone, which will make it possible for student education in any environment. Strengths that a Smart-Phone application has include always being carried by the student, short boot time to open the program and rather than having to use a traditional computer for access. Tests can be taken repeatedly, so students prepare before class and keep their motivation level high, thus raising overall test outcomes.