• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.527-528
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• 2003

현대 사회는 인구의 증가와 함께 각종 산업이 급격히 발달되어 왔지만, 부수적으로 많은 환경오염의 문제점이 제시되고 있다. 그 중 실내환경은 일상생활 중 80％ 이상의 시간을 어떤 형태의 가정, 사무실, 공공건물, 학교, 병원, 지하시설물, 상가, 음식점, 자동차, 지하철 등의 여러 형태의 실내공간에서 생활하기 때문에 우리에게 중요한 의미를 지니고 있으며, 국제적으로는 물론 국내에서도 실내공간에서의 실내공기질 및 인체 영향에 대한 중요성이 새로운 환경문제로 대두되고 있다. 최근에는 국민들의 환경인식도가 높아짐에 따라 대기오염 못지않게 새로운 환경문제로서 실내공기오염에 대한 높은 관심도를 나타내고 있다.(중략)

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권6_3호
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• pp.1721-1732
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• 2020

초등학생들은 학교에서 많은 시간을 보내고 있으며 실내 공기오염에 더 많이 노출된다. 또한 초등학생들은 신체적으로 성장기에 있으며 어른에 비해 단위체중당 호흡량이 많으므로 실내 공기오염에 대한 민감도가 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 학교 실내공기질은 초등학생들의 건강을 위한 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 서울지역 5개 초등학교에서 측정한 실내외 미세먼지 (Particulate matter: PM) 농도를 이용하여 상관분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 실외 PM이 실내 PM에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 또한 PM ratio, I/O ratio 등과 같은 통계분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 초등학교의 실내외 PM의 상관성은 PM10보다 PM2.5와 PM1에서 더 유의미하게 나타났다. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio의 경우 PM10에서 SD를 제외한 4개 초등학교에서 모두 1보다 높게 나타났다 (BB: 2.21, NS: 1.67, IS: 1.73, SI: 1.17). 이는 실내 학생의 활동도가 PM10의 농도에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.380-392
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• 2021

어린 학생들에 대한 HQ (Hazard Quotient) 기반으로 학교교실 실내 공기질 지수 (IAQI-S)를 개발하였다. IAQI-S는 PM₁₀, PM_2.5, CO₂를 포함하며, IAQI-S의 기준농도는 지정된 HQ값을 통해 산출하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 IAQI-S를 이용하여 2017년 11월부터 2020년 12월까지 실시간으로 측정한 전국 46개 학교 123개 학급을 평가해보았다. 종합지수 평가 결과, PM₁₀의 93.1%, PM_2.5의 94%가 '좋음'과 '보통' 등급에 포함되었다. 8시간 예측 이동 평균을 기반으로 한 IAQI-S는 CAI(Comprehensive Air-quality Index) 및 외국에서 발표되었던 IAQI와 비교하였다. IAQI-S는 CO₂를 포함하며 대기질지수 (CAI)에 비해 더 엄격한 수준으로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2009

Indoor air quality at classrooms is of special concern since students are susceptible and indoor air problems can be so subtle that it does not always produce easily recognizable health effects. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the time-activity pattern of school students, to determine the sources of poor indoor air quality in schools, and to demonstrate how indoor air quality in schools causes adverse health effects such as headache, upper airway irritation, fatigue, and lethargy. Recent articles ranging from 1987-2009 related to school indoor air quality were systematically reviewed. Building-associated health effects can increase student absences from school and degrade the performance of children while in school. The reduced ventilation rate was associated with a decreased ability to concentrate along with increased adverse health symptoms. There was an association between residential proximity to busy roads and a variety of adverse respiratory health outcomes in children. Consequently, the current findings suggest the need for control strategy for school indoor air pollutants with multidisciplinary approach methods because Korea has no other natural resources except manpower especially.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2005

미생물학적 실내공기질을 평가하기 위하여, 울산에 위치한 중${\cdot}$고등학교 3곳이 교실과 복도에서, 학기 중(수업시간, 점심시간, 방과 후)과 방학 중 등 상황별로 공기중 미생물의 농도를 조사하였다. 미생물의 포집에는 충돌식 공기 채취기를 사용하였으며, 세균수는 plate count agar, 진균수는 dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar를 사용하여 측정하였고, 이들 배지로부터 세균과 진균을 분리하여 동정하였다. 학기 중 세균 농도는 점심시간의 복도에서 평균 $1,111\;MPN/m^{3}$로 가장 높았고, 수업시간의 복도에서 평균 $132\;MPN/m^{3}$로 가장 낮았으며, 방학 중의 측정값은 교실과 복도에서 각각 학기 중 수업시간의 $5{\%}$와 $27{\%}$ 수준이었다. 조사한 집락의 $60{\%}$는 병원성과 관련이 적은 Micrococcus spp.로 동정되었고. Staphylococdcus 속은 $12{\%}$를 차지하였다. 학기 중 진균의 평균 농도는 상황별로 $105{\~}213\;MPN/m^{3}$의 범위였으며, 방학 중의 측정값은 교실과 복도에서 각각 $32\;MPN/m^{3}$와 $83\;MPN/m^{3}$이었다. 공기중 진균의 집락으로부터 Cladosporium 속, Penicillium 속, Aspergillus 속 등을 확인할 수 있었으며, 언급한 3 속이 조사한 집락의 $77{\%}$를 차지하였다. 연구의 결과는 학교 실내에서 학생수와 함께 활동성과 연관된 상황에 따른 세균 농도의 변이를 보여주었으며, 학교 환경에서 bioaerosol의 허용수준을 결정함에 있어 이를 고려해야 함을 제안하고 있다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2007

This research, selected for 40 classrooms(20 old, 20 new) in chungnam area from June 22 to July 19 and from November 21 to December 30, 2003, in order to study of Recognition of Indoor Air Quality of Indoor Environment at School. we used Questionnaire for 193 health teachers, 41 teachers, and 1,359 students. The results of study are as follows. 1. To the question 'Currently Were you damage caused by classroom air?', showed that worry class teachers more than students with 43.9% of class teachers, 35.9% of health teachers and 23.5% of students. 2. To the question 'What would be an efficient way to manage classroom sanitation?', 50% of class teachers, 40.5% of health teachers and 47.4% of students wanted 'installation of air purifier.' 3. To the question 'How are you getting information about indoor air pollution?', showed that all of 3 groups get information through on TV. 4. According to survey, Health teachers who act as health supervisors appeared to have more prior knowledge air quality than class teachers and students. The results of this research show insufficient understanding of health risks from indoor air pollution, and shows possible health problems to students from school indoor air pollution. Therefore, these results suggested that a logical and systematic education program for students about the importance of indoor air quality should be carried out.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2008

The concentrations of HCHO(formaldehyde), $PM_{10}$(particulate matter), $CO_2$(carbon dioxide) and TBC(total bacteria counter) distribution in schools(Chung-Nam Area) were examined, and the results were compared with the recommended criterion of the administration law of indoor air. The subjects were an elementary school, a middle school and a high school in Chung-Nam area, and the concentration of TBC was examined by Single Stage Air Cascade Sampler, which applied the inertia collision catching method of 28.29L/min(flux) during 5 months from March, 2007 to July, 2007. The instrument(LD-3B, SIBATA Company)was used to examine $PM_{10}$, by a light scattering method and a light transmission method. The instrument(Airboxx(KD Engineering) was used to examine $CO_2$. The instrument(Z300XP(Environmental sensor)was used to examine HCHO. The result indicated that the $PM_{10}$ average concentrations of the surveyed classrooms were $49{\mu}g/m^3$ in Spring and $59{\mu}g/m^3$ in Summer. The $CO_2$ average concentration of the surveyed schools were 576 ppm in the classroom and 527 ppm in the stateroom. The average concentration of TBC were $729CFU/m^3$ in an elementary school, $401CFU/m^3$ in a middle school, $381CFU/m^3$ in a high school. The HCHO average concentration of the surveyed schools were 0.03 ppm in the classroom, 0.02 ppm in the stateroom.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.472-479
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of indoor air pollutants at 63 elementary schools, 41 middle schools and 51 high schools in Ulsan from the beginning of May to the end of December, 2008. To assess the indoor air quality of the various classrooms, the 8 indoor air pollutants such as $CO_2$, CO, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, TVOCs, HCHO and TBC were measured and analyzed. The mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and TBC in the elementary schools were significantly higher than those of middle and high schools (p < 0.01). For the HCHO, the multi-use practice rooms showed an average 1.5 times higher than general classrooms. In schools located in urban areas, the concentrations of CO, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, HCHO and TBC were lower than in the vicinity of industrial complexes. The exceeding rate of the school air quality maintenance limits in the 6 air pollutants by law were 6.7%, 3.5%, 1.7%, 18.2%, 13.0% and 18.4% for $CO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $PM_{10}$, HCHO and TBC, respectively. Based on these results $PM_{10}$ and TBC have to be in the order of priority of need to improve the classroom air quality in elementary school of Ulsan.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.979-983
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• 2005

Indoor air quality has been addressed as an important atmospheric environmental issue and has caught attention of the public in recent years in Korea. Good indoor air quality in classrooms favour student's learning ability, teacher and staff's productivity according to other studies. In this study, each classroom at four different schools was chosen for comparison of indoor and outdoor air quality by means of source generation types such as new constructed classroom, using of cleaning agents and purchased furniture. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$, formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and particulate matter with diameter less than $10{\mu}m\;(PM_{10})$ were monitored at indoor and outdoor locations during lesson. HCHO was found to be the worst among parameters measured in new constructed classroom, HCHO and TVOCs was worst in classroom with new purchased furniture, and TVOCs was worst in classroom cleaned by cleaning agents, Indoor $(CO_2)$ concentrations often exceeded 1500 ppm indicating importance of ventilation. Active activity of students during break time made the $PM_{10}$ concentration higher than a lesson, Improvements and further researches should be carried out considering indoor air quality at schools is of special concern since children and students are susceptible to poor air quality.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2006

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) in workplace, residential environments and schools has been concerned of people, scientists and related the public, and has recognized the health effects related to indoor air pollution. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the characteristics of IAQ in 55 kindergartens, elementary school, middle schools, and high schools from June, 2004 to May, 2005 in Korea. We measured indoor air pollutants($PM_{10},\;CO_2$, HCHO, total bacteria colony(TBC), CO, radon, TVOCs, asbestos, and $O_3$), and physical factors(noise, temperature, relative humidity, and illumination) with necessary of management for IAQ in school. We classified into 5 kinds of the school by period since building completion, <1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, and 5-10 years. The concentration of pollutants and the level of physical factors compared with standards and guidelines of IAQ on the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development. The major results obtained from this study were as follows. Temperature, relative humidity and illumination among the physical factors did not exceed the standards, but noise exceeded it. Asbestos and $O_3$ did not detect in surveyed classrooms. CO, TBC, TVOCs, and HCHO in kindergartens, TBC in elementary schools, TBC, TVOCs dnd HCHO in middle schools, and HCHO in high schools detected the standards. This study is conducted as a part of efforts to provide a foundational data for further relative researches on management of IAQ of school. Therefore, we suggest that country plan for management of IAQ in school should be established through long-term and continuous investigation for assessment on IAQ in school and health risk assessment for students.