• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.45
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• pp.111-136
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• 2010

Bill of lading means the transport document ("marine", "ocean" or "port-to-port" or similar), however named, covering sea shipment only. Data in a bill of lading, when read in context with the credit, the document itself and international standard banking practice, need not be identical to, but must not conflict with, data in that document, any other stipulated document or the credit, according to UCP 600 and ISBP. This article has provided the general guideline of the discrepancies on the basis of UCP 600, ISBP 681 and the ICC Banking Commission Opinions, for the solution of the unpaid problems of the credit transactions. I have studied especially the ICC Banking Commission Opinions and the DOCDEX Decisions on the bill of lading after UCP 600, the international standard banking practice (ISBP 681), and the recent Korean cases. As such, this article would fill a need gap in the market between the general principles in the UCP provisions and the daily job of the practitioner. The credit practitioners are suggested to this resulting guidance whenever doubts arise as to how to check the credit documents in daily practice.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.91-96
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• 2006

최근 몇 년 사이 정부 내의 정보화 사업규모는 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 국민의 정부시절 약 2,400억 규모의 정보화 예산이 참여정부에서는 약 9500억으로 증가한 사실이 이를 반증하는 증거이다. 그러나, 이러한 정보화 사업에 대한 투자규모에 비하여, 막대한 예산을 들여 진행되는 사업에 대한 지속적인 성과관리는 체계적으로 진행되지 않은 현실이다. 오히려 성과관리라는 것이 사업의 추진을 방해하는 부정적인 요소로 인식되기도 한다. 하지만, 정보화 사업에 대한 성과관리의 부재는 장기적으로 조직의 전략목표와 정보서비스와의 GAP을 심화시켰고, 결과적으로 막대학 IT 투자 전체에 대한 회의감만을 대두시키는 결과를 가져 왔다. 2006년 IT최대의 화두인 IT거버넌스 개념 역시 IT와 비즈니스의 GAP을 줄여 IT 서비스가 조직의 목표와 전략을 올바르게 지원하도록 IT운영을 하자는 것이 핵심사상이다. 이러한 IT거버넌스 실현의 중심에 IT 투자성과관리체계가 있다. 해양수산부는 IT투자성과관리체계구축을 통하여 정보화사업 전체 프로세스를 지원하며, 각 단계별 이력관리를 통해 매년 사업 담당자가 바뀌는 상황에서도 안정적인 사업의 추진이 가능하도록 하였으며, 각 사업에 대한 평가지표개발 및 평가체계 구축을 통해 사업계획, 시행, 종료 단계에서 과학적인 정보화 사업의 투자성과평가를 지원하는 체계를 마련하였다. 이러한 IT투자성과관리체계는 기 구축된 ITA, ITAMS, IT자산관리체계와 연동하여 해양수산부 IT거버넌스 실현에 이바지 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In disputes involving contracts for work, most issues boil down a single, most crucial, underlying question: whether the agreed work was completed. The same applies to software development services, which are usually usually provided under contracts for work. In disputes arising from software development contracts, appraisal is commonly used to determine the completeness of the software in question. However, it is often difficult to ensure the objectivity of the appraisal. This study examines past cases involving the determination of software completeness to identify the method used in each case. Then, based on the findings, this study identifies issues requiring improvements to ensure objective determination of completeness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2011

오늘날 기업 내 ERP(Enterprise Resource Planing)시스템 도입이 활발해지고 있는 가운데 그 역기능으로 ERP 시스템 도입 실패 사례 또한 증가하고 있다. 이로 인해 ERP 시스템이 올바르게 구축되었는가를 판단하는 ERP 시스템에 대한 완성도 혹은 하자여부를 판단하는 감정평가 활동이 증가하고 있다. ERP 시스템은 일반적으로 패키지 형태의 프로그램과는 달리 비즈니스 프로세스 분석 단계에서 계약의 내용이 수정 및 확정되어지며, 업종 및 국가별 비즈니스 프로세스 특성에 따라 일반화된 모듈 프레임 워크를 그대로 적용하기 어려운 점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ERP 시스템 완성도 감정평가를 위해 국내외 ERP 시스템에 대한 기본구조와 함께 세부적인 (공통/상이)모듈에 대해 정리를 수행하고, 이를 대상으로 핵심적인 비즈니스 업무수행을 위한 세부적인 절차를 추출하고자 한다. 본 연구를 통하여 제시된 ERP 시스템 감정 절차는 ERP 시스템 감정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.225-243
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• 2006

Recently mother company-driven informatization projects have been widely launched for the suppliers. Setting up a proprietary evaluation system for the level of informatization of the suppliers, a mother company provides both financial and consulting supports for the suppliers in order to enhance the utilization level of the ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) system. With the utilization level enhanced, the whole collaboration network will create a competitive advantage to win over global competition. This paper investigates critical success factors for ERP operational performances through a Samsung Electronics case study. The result of the case study may provide valuable feedback to the strategic decision making and fundamental insights for these collaboration efforts.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 2015

The Crack, occurred in the concrete structure, is a major cause of function deterioration such as strength, durability and waterproof. Therefore the need for crack reduction will continue as long as there is concrete structure. But, it is not easy to reduce or prevent crack cause of impact factor of it. There are so many factors of crack such as material, construction and maintenance environment, and structure, and these are acting in combination. So, this study derives a correlation between the cracks and members through reviewing member crack occurred. And member's attribute, related crack, is analyzed by it. It consider that the basic attribute of member is similar when its requirements are similar. Through this study, therefore, foundation of countermeasure of crack will be provided by prediction of crack shape through member's attribute.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.955-963
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to identify ways to resolve conflicts arising from building new roads or expanding existing roads by introducing negotiation techniques to the Jeju government. A case of city planning (Jungjeong-ro, Seogwipo City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province) was analyzed in this study in an aspect of negotiation. In the case, the Committee for Promoting and Vitalizing Jungjeong-ro conducted negotiations from February, 2011 to December, 2011. This study proposes ways to establish systems which resolve problems during negotiation processes and frame concepts related to negotiation in the overall administrative systems. Firstly, setting up a negotiation management team within the provincial office and supporting it fully is needed. Secondly, there should be a process in which decisions made by the negotiation team become authoritative. Thirdly, for smooth negotiation processes, it is necessary to formulate ground rules and make negotiating parties obey them thoroughly. Fourthly, a negotiation clinic team should be established at the Jeju provincial government. Fifthly, there should be a negotiation school within the framework of human resources development. Sixthly, If officials do their negotiation jobs positively, a reward system should be established to give them adequate rewards. Lastly, concept of negotiation should take root in administration in general.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.84-96
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• 2013

Recently, architectural design has been changing from formal design to freeform design due to the digitalization of construction industry. Especially, the formal design has been accepted as a design trend recently and applied many times as a design concept in the architectural design competitions such as turn-key. However, various deflects such as water leak and cracks have been occurred because the traditional construction methods had been applied without any revision or adaptation of the formal construction method for the freeform building construction. Design and construction of freeform building has been developed as an new method in order to solve the problems and minimize the construction duration and cost for the freeform building. Therefore this research deduced the positive implications for developing freefrom envelope by analyzing the domestic and abroad cases and proposed the considerations during design and construction of the freeform envelope as follows. First, the freeform design should consider the constructability for the freeform envelope. Second, manufacturing technology for the two-way curvature of the unit panel should be developed. Third, exposed concrete form method should be developed for the freeform envelope of concrete. Forth, material characteristics, construction method and facility management should be considered in order to manage precipitation and keep water-proof according to the classification of the freeform envelope area.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.120-130
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• 2021

Recently, the government is reinforcing safety management at construction sites to prevent safety accidents in construction works, and the safety management plan of workers is an important situation. Meanwhile, modular construction is expected to be gradually expanded to middle and high-rise buildings, but active measures to ensure worker safety are insufficient. This study is a preliminary study of the development of a checklist for preventive worker safety management. The purpose of this study is to derive a checklist classification system for the safety management of workers in the field of modular construction by preceding studies, case analysis, and expert advisory opinions. The classification system consists of large categories of factory manufacturing, transportation, and on-site construction, and the sub-system consists of six sub-classes: foundation work, frame work, modular frame installation work, finishing work, and facility work. Among them, the sub-classification of modular frame installation work consists of 12 unit works, centering on module lifting and assembly module work, which are the main construction processes. And the classification system reflects the three main management factors and contents for defined safety management. It is expected that the research results of this study can contribute to efficient safety management at the modular construction site.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2509-2518
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• 2013

Augmented reality (AR) technology visualizes a real type object that cannot simulate in virtual reality technology by overlapping a virtual object and real object in a computer system. This study suggests a methodology and prototype system for applying AR system to rebar distribution work in a civil engineering project. Rebar work in civil engineering project is a representative activity that is progressed by empirical approach of skilled labor rather than formalized manual. AR technology improves the constructability of rebar work because AR tool can identify missing rebars and different rebars comparing with the drawings. AR system developed in this study can enhance the understanding of rebar work using 3D modeling with real image of construction site and save construction cost by reducing reconstruction work.