• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 1965

The author studied on the bionomics of Oriental moth. Cnidocampa flavescens WALKER, damaging to the persimmon tree n the southern part of Korea from 1964 to 1965. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. Emergence peak period of Oriental moth was mid-June in Taegu district and eggs are deposited on the opposite side of persimmon tree leaf. Specially most of eggs are deposited on the terminal part of opposite side and peak period s also mid-June. 2. Hatched Percentage of eggs was $84.4\%$ in 1964 while $96.1\%$ in 1965 at the rearing room. Mean egg Period was $5.984\pm0.162$ in 1964 while $6.262\pm0.094$ days in 1965. Thus during two years, the egg period was about 6 days. 3. In the growth ratio of Oriental moth fed on various host plants persimmon tree, Acer negund, Hazel-wood and Platanus, the best growth ratio was shown on the leaf of Hazel-wood from 1st till 3rd instar, but, on the contrary, persimmon tree was the best from 4th till the last instar. The growth ratio of head width was also the same tendency as the body length above mentioned. Individuals fed on the leaf of platanus were dead after 20 days. 4. Oriental moth has one generation a year and molts 6 times. The first molting occurred in 5 hours after hatched, and the other moltings were done at f days intervals. After 3 days since the last molting, larvae made the non for over-winter in it. 5. As the bristles on the process of larval body are different from each position and instar, judgement of instars are possible by the counting of bristles on the body according to the Table 8. Specially the bristle of L. 2., D. 2, 3 ,8. 10. and L. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, are perfectly different from each instar. From these bristles, instars can be recognized easily. 6. Pupation of larvae in the over-wintered cocoon on the stem of persimmon tree was done in mid-May and continued will early June when emergence will take place. 7. Mean number of eggs in the ovary was $1325.5\pm2.7182$

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) had been the problematic weed for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) fairway since it shows light green color all year. Experiment was carried out to determine the best herbicides combination to control creeping bentgrass in Kentucky bluegrass. fairway without injury. To investigate the efficacy of herbicides, five post-emergence herbicides of asulam WG ($87.6\%$), imazaquin SL ($20\%$), fenoxaprop-P-ethyl EC ($7\%$), mecoprop SL ($50\%$), triclopyr-TEA SL ($30\%$) and one pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin EC ($31.7\%$) treated on 21 Sept. and 10 Nov. 2003. Kentucky bluegrass visual quality evaluated 30 and 50 days after application for phytotoxic effects of the herbicides. As a result, asulam WG (0.2g/$m^{2}$) and imazaquin SL (0.3ml/$m^{2}$) showed approximately $90\%$ of control in creeping bentgrass, but visual quality of Kentucky bluegrass significantly decreased from 20 to 50DAT (day after treatment). However, creeping bentgrass was acceptably controlled(over $80\%$) by fenoxaprop-P-ethyl EC (0.4ml/$m^{2}$)+triclopyr-TEA SL(0.3 ml/$m^{2}$) applied twice on 21 Sept. and 1 Oct. 2003 without serious injury on Kentucky bluegrass. Therefore, it is suggested that an application of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl EC (0.4ml/ $m^{2}$)+triclopyr-TEA SL (0.3 ml/$m^{2}$) may be more effective to control creeping bentgrass in Kentucky bluegrass with the least phytotoxicity by herbicides.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.385-397
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• 2006

This study was conducted to establish the environment-friendly cropping system of soybean in paddy field with different soil textures. When the soybean was cultivated in paddy fields, growth responses of testing cultivars varied depending on soil texture and cultivation method. Growth responses of soybean in sandy loam tended to be better than those in clay, however the effect of high ridged cultivation was distinguished in clay loam. Especially, formation of rhizome nodule was significantly different depending on soils ; more numerous rhizome nodules were formed in sandy loam compared to that in clay. Plant heights of Taekwangkong and Eunhakong were highest in clay and sandy loam, respectively, while the number of pods and branches of Eunhakong were most in both soils. In clay paddy field, growth responses of Eunhakong were best among the testing cultivars, however high ridged cultivation was more appropriate to the cultivar compared to level row cultivation regardless of soils. Taekwangkong showed the highest leaf area indexes during whole growth stages. Leaf development of Daewonkong was suppressed in clay at early growth stage, while it significantly increased as growth stages progressed. Most retard leaf development was observed in early maturity cultivar, Hwaseongputkong, since it seemed to be seriously damaged by excess-moisture injury in both soils. Comparing the dry weight of top plants and roots, plant growth was more affected by soil texture than cultivation methods at early vegetative growth stage, via verses at R2 or R5 stages. In yield characters and yields at R8 maturity stage, pods number of Eunhakong was significantly higher than those of Daewonkong and Taekwangkong estimating to 107 and 124 in clay and sandy loam, respectively. The ratio of ripened seeds was highest in sandy loam in combination with high ridged cultivation, while the lowest in clay with level row. The yields of Deawonkong and Eunhakong were higher compared to other testing cultivars ranged from $l82{\sim}286kg/ha$ depending on soils and cultivation methods. In results, growth responses and yields of testing cultivars tended to be higher in sandy loam in combination with high ridge compared to clay with level row.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of plant extracts, Chrysanthimum cinerariefolium and Melia azedarach to natural enemies and management of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae in organic strawberry fields in Jeonnam area. Plant extracts were highly toxic against Phytoseiulus persimilis, but low against Orius laevigatus. In the residual effect against Phytoseiulus persimilis, C. cinerariefolium showed lower level than M. azedarach which safe at least 1 day after spray. Emergence rates of parasitoids were about 40% at seven days after spray. Eretmocerus eremicus has very low emergence rate in treatment of M. azedarach, so it should release after spray of M. azedarach. To control of T. urticae C. cinerariefolium (CC) sprayed first and then sprayed C. cinerariefolium or M. azedarach (MA) for two and three times at a week interval. In the treatment of CC+MA and CC+CC+MA, the density of T. urticae was inhibited by 15th day but increased afterward. In CC+MA+CC, that of T. urticae inhibit from 8 days but also increased after I5th day. In case of spray M. azedarach (MA) first, the treatment of MA+CC, MA+MA+CC, MA+CC+MA suppressed T. urticae from the first day so the densy of T. urticae maintained low level to 30 days after spray. It suggested that M. azedarach should spray first and then alternative spray. When C. cinerariefolium sprayed before and behind to release of P. persimilis, the density of P. persimilis maintained unchanged but could not suppress T. urticae after 8 days which T. urticae increase time. When M. azedarach sprayed, the density of T. urticae rapidly decreased. It was accompanied with P. persimilis so T. urticae did not occur at 8 days after treatment.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.143-169
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• 2017

The Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc. of Child Abuse Crimes intends to encourage reporting and punishment of child abuse by using the concept of 'crime' in child abuse cases. Article 10 of the Act imposes duty to report child abuse on a number of different professions, including medical professionals. Currently, more than 80% of child abuse cases occur among family members and the detection rate of child abuse is as low as 0.5% in Korea. On the other hand, medical professionals can identify child abuse relatively clearly with specific medical opinions. Therefore, it is necessary that medical professions are informed of this duty and does not bear disincentive from reporting. This paper makes policy suggestions in this regard. First, it is necessary that medical students and medical professionals receive regular education about the obligation to report child abuse. Education should include details of the reporting duty, as well as the fact that there is legal obligation to report even if the child abuse is "suspicious", not certain. Second, it is imperative to establish and implement protective programs for medical professionals who report child abuse. The current law provides a rough framework for protection of people who report child abuse, but it is necessary to produce detailed guidelines that are applicable in the context of medical setting. Education for medical students and medical professionals should include the contents of these guidelines, so that they do not hesitate reporting because they fear the aftermath of reporting. Third, it is highly recommended that physicians use the national Baby/Infant Health Checkup Program as an opportunity to detect child abuse. In Korea, the Baby/Infant Health Checkup Program provides physicians to periodically monitor health condition of all babies and children until the age of 71 months. In order to utilize this program for early detection of child abuse, it is imperative that the bBaby/Infant Health Checkup Program is modified to involve child abuse experts and medical professionals who participate in the program are educated about child abuse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.773-780
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• 2020

With the development of the 4th industrial, research is being conducted to prevent diseases and reduce damage in various fields of science and technology such as medicine, health, and bio. As a result, artificial intelligence technology has been introduced and researched for image analysis of radiological examinations. In this paper, we will directly apply a deep learning model for classification and detection of pneumonia using chest X-ray images, and evaluate whether the deep learning model of the Inception series is a useful model for detecting pneumonia. As the experimental material, a chest X-ray image data set provided and shared free of charge by Kaggle was used, and out of the total 3,470 chest X-ray image data, it was classified into 1,870 training data sets, 1,100 validation data sets, and 500 test data sets. I did. As a result of the experiment, the result of metric evaluation of the Inception V3 deep learning model was 94.80% for accuracy, 97.24% for precision, 94.00% for recall, and 95.59 for F1 score. In addition, the accuracy of the final epoch for Inception V3 deep learning modeling was 94.91% for learning modeling and 89.68% for verification modeling for pneumonia detection and classification of chest X-ray images. For the evaluation of the loss function value, the learning modeling was 1.127% and the validation modeling was 4.603%. As a result, it was evaluated that the Inception V3 deep learning model is a very excellent deep learning model in extracting and classifying features of chest image data, and its learning state is also very good. As a result of matrix accuracy evaluation for test modeling, the accuracy of 96% for normal chest X-ray image data and 97% for pneumonia chest X-ray image data was proven. The deep learning model of the Inception series is considered to be a useful deep learning model for classification of chest diseases, and it is expected that it can also play an auxiliary role of human resources, so it is considered that it will be a solution to the problem of insufficient medical personnel. In the future, this study is expected to be presented as basic data for similar studies in the case of similar studies on the diagnosis of pneumonia using deep learning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.334-341
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• 1997

Artificial precipitation test with sprinkler system was carried out to develop the collection method of arboreal larvae(proctotrupoid wasps) of pine needle gall midge for biological control in 1995. Effects of larvae falling on each amount of precipitation, season of precipitation and time of precipitation of a day following artificial precipitation were examined during the period of larvae falling season. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Artificial precipitation with sprinkler system was highly effective for collection of pine needle gall midge larvae and the most suitable amount of precipitation was 5.3-9.4mm; application amount and hours of water were $8,000-16.000{\ell}$ and 180-360 minutes, respectively. 2. The most effective period of larvae collection for artificial precipitation was approximately 20 days, from early through mid November, and larvae falling was 93.4% of the total number of larvae collection during this period. 3. Larvae falling from the tree crown was not affected by the artificial precipitation for the precipitation hour intervals in a day. 4. The percentage of parasitism of collected larvae of pine needle gall midge in November exceeded that of December but was not significantly different between two seasons. 5. Artificial precipitation of sprinkler system was effective in reducing 34% of gall formation after one year at collected sites of pine needle gall midge larvae. 6. The collection method of larvae following artificial precipitation was effective in reducing the expenses by 14-50% than that of collection method of infested needles.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.s02
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• pp.13-33
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• 1989

Agroclimate should be analyzed and evaluated accurately to make better use of available chimatic resources for the establishment of optimum cropping systems. Introducing of appropriate cultivars and their cultivation techniques into classified agroclimatic zone could contribute to the stability and costs of crop production. To classify the agroclimatic zones, such climatic factors as temperature, precipitation, sunshine, humidity and wind were considered as major influencing factors on the crop growth and yield. For the classification of rice agroclimatic zones, precipitation and drought index during transplanting time, the first occurrence of effective growth temperature (above 15$^{\circ}C$) and its duration, the probability of low temperature occurrence, variation in temperature and sunshine hours, and climatic productivity index were used in the analysis. The agroclimatic zones for rice crop were classified into 19 zones as follows; (1) Taebaek Alpine Zone, (2) Taebaek Semi-Alpine Zone, (3) Sobaek Mountainous Zone, (4) Noryeong Sobaek Mountainous Zone, (5) Yeongnam Inland Mountainous Zone, (6) Northern Central Inland Zone, (7) Central Inland Zone, (8) Western Soebaek Inland Zone, (9) Noryeong Eastern and Western Inland Zone, (10) Honam Inland Zone, (ll) Yeongnam Basin Zone, (12) Yeongnam Inland Zone, (13) Western Central Plain Zone, (14) Southern Charyeong Plain Zone, (15) South Western Coastal Zone, (16) Southern Coastal Zone, (17) Northern Eastern Coastal Zone, (18) Central Eastern Coastal Zone, and (19) South Eastern Coastal Zone. The classification of agroclimatic zones for cropping systems was based on the rice agroclimatic zones considering zonal climatic factors for both summer and winter crops and traditional cropping systems. The agroclimatic zones were identified for cropping systems as follows: (I) Alpine Zone, (II) Mountainous Zone, (III) Central Northern Inland Zone, (IV) Central Northern West Coastal Zone, (V) Cental Southern West Coastal Zone, (VI) Gyeongbuk Inland Zone, (VII) Southern Inland Zone, (VIII) Southern Coastal Zone, and (IX) Eastern Coastal Zone. The agroclimatic zonal characteristics of climatic disasters under rice cultivation were identified: as frequent drought zones of (11) Yeongnam Basin Zone, (17) North Eastern Coastal Zone with the frequency of low temperature occurrence below 13$^{\circ}C$ at root setting stage above 9.1％, and (2) Taebaek Semi-Alpine Zone with cold injury during reproductive stages, as the thphoon and intensive precipitation zones of (10) Hanam Inland Zone, (15) Southern West Coastal Zone, (16) Southern Coastal Zone with more than 4 times of damage in a year and with typhoon path and heavy precipitation intensity concerned. Especially the three east coastal zones, (17), (18), and (19), were subjected to wind and flood damages 2 to 3 times a year as well as subjected to drought and cold temperature injury.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to investigate weather conditions which induced discolored grains and viviparous germination, and to evaluate yield responses following viviparous germination during mid- and late- ripening stage, the submergence during reproductive growth stage, and lodging in the yellow ripe stage. Weather conditions which caused glume discoloration at heading stage were 21.3-26.4$^{\circ}C$ in average temperature, 75.2-98.4% in relative humidity, 19.3 in transpiration coefficient and 10.8-13.8 m/sec. in wind speed. Yield reduction was 26-27% and 10~17%, respectively, when the glume discoloration rates were 63.2-65.7% and 38.3-45.2%, obviously due to the decrease in percent of fertile grain and ripening ratio. Weather conditions during continuous rain for 7 days were 96% in relative humidity, 18.9$^{\circ}C$ in average temperature, 21.9$^{\circ}C$ in maximum temperature, and 16.8$^{\circ}C$ in minimum temperature, causing the most viviparous germination in Juanbyeo(45.5%), followed by Jinbubyeo(14.5%), Bongkwangbyeo(14.2%), and Obongbyeo(12.6%). Lateral tillers started to occur when the submergence at the depth of 1.5-2 m lasted one day during the reproductive growth stage. The submergence for 2-3 days at 3-4 m of water depth induced 269-571 lateral tillers/m$^2$, supporting 32-52% of the total yield. The rice yield in the paddy fields which were left under the lodging conditions until harvesting was not different compared to that of the paddy fields which were kept upright by tieing them together after lodging, but perfect grain ratio decreased about 9.1% in the transplanting culture and 12.5% in the direct seeding culture on dry paddy field because of the increase in immature grains.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2005

Recently, as the serious damage caused by DDoS attacks increases, the rapid detection and the proper response mechanisms are urgent. However, existing security mechanisms do not effectively defend against these attacks, or the defense capability of some mechanisms is only limited to specific DDoS attacks. In this paper, we propose a detection architecture against DDoS attack using data mining technology that can classify the latest types of DDoS attack, and can detect the modification of existing attacks as well as the novel attacks. This architecture consists of a Misuse Detection Module modeling to classify the existing attacks, and an Anomaly Detection Module modeling to detect the novel attacks. And it utilizes the off-line generated models in order to detect the DDoS attack using the real-time traffic. We gathered the NetFlow data generated at an access router of our network in order to model the real network traffic and test it. The NetFlow provides the useful flow-based statistical information without tremendous preprocessing. Also, we mounted the well-known DDoS attack tools to gather the attack traffic. And then, our experimental results show that our approach can provide the outstanding performance against existing attacks, and provide the possibility of detection against the novel attack.