• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 2021

By 2050, 70% more food will be needed to fulfill the demands of a growing population. Among the solutions, cultured meat or clean meat is presented as a sustainable alternative for consumers. Scientists have begun to leverage knowledge and tools accumulated in the fields of stem cell and tissue engineering in efforts aimed at the development of cell-based meat. Cultured meat has to recreate the complex structure of livestock muscles with a few cells. Cells start to divide after they are cultured in a culture medium, which provides nutrients, hormones, and growth factors. An initial problem with this type of culture is the serum used, as in vitro meat aims to be slaughter free. Thus, it is contradictory to use a medium made from the blood of dead calves. The serum is expensive and affects to a large extent the production cost of the meat. A positive aspect related to the safety of cultured meat is that it is not produced from animals raised in confined spaces and slaughtered in inhumane conditions. Thus, the risk of an outbreak is eliminated, and there is no need for vaccinations and animal welfare issues. The production of cultured meat is presented as environmentally friendly, as it is supposed to produce less greenhouse gas, consume less water, and use less land in comparison to conventional meat production.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2013

The persons in charge of management request diagnosis and prescription to tree hospitals in order to get consultation about the problems like blight that occur in landscape tree management. This study aims to analyze what the main problems and questions raised by landscape gardeners are and those concerned in landscape tree management. This is done by investigating landscape tree-related questions and answers uploaded on the online consultation boards of the plant diagnostic centers approved in Korea including the Seoul National University Plant Clinic, the Chungbuk National University Plant Hospital, and the Kangwon Diagnostic Center. As a result, those concerned in landscape occupied the most as 81.4% among the questioners. However, only 11.5% did explain the plant management history or surrounding environment, which is essential for landscape tree diagnosis when asking questions. This shows that those concerned in landscape lack basic knowledge or interest about plant diagnosis. Among 263 questions about landscape trees, questions about physiological damage included 94 cases that were the most taking up 35.8%. Moreover, the next were damage by insects and damage by disease in order. It is thought that due to the characteristics of physiological problems that occur by various sorts of stress and with no signs, they tend to request diagnosis or prescription the most. The most frequent reasons for physiological damage are water stress and temperature stress. About damage by disease, there exist many types of diseases, and there are many complex damages accompanied by physiological causes. About damage by insects, the most common include damage by moths. In consideration of this result, universities or technician training centers should provide education for landscape tree management so that landscape technicians and students can acquire essential knowledge and information about landscape tree management and increase their interest in it. In particular, it is necessary to provide profound learning opportunities for plant physiology, and the technicians should make efforts themselves. In addition, it is needed to build organizations to which they can ask technical questions about landscape planting and management in order to understand landscape industry in general and the actual status of landscape planting technique and the actual field. Moreover, to elevate systemicity and expertise in the area of landscape tree management not yet equipped with the foundation, it is needed to cultivate the technicians intensively and conduct research by those concerned both in academic and industrial circles.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate salt marsh flora and vegetation in the mouth of Mankyeong river estuary area where has a project for Sea Man Geum Reclaimed Land so that we can foster a foundation on restoration of an ecological habitat, development of applicable plants and establishment of a conservation policy after developing the reclaimed land for salt marsh vegetation which has great ecological value. As a result of this research, there are 10 families 25 genera 29 species and 3 varieties of vascular plants in the Mankyong-river estuary area. These are 0.76% among 4,191 of Korean vascular plants. There are also 5 families 6 genera 6 species and 1 varietiy of the naturalized plants which are 7 taxa in total and 3.85% of indicators of naturalized plants. Firstly, a district of low tide marsh has below 5% of vegetation coverage of Suaeda japonica and the vegetation cover was increasing rapidly while moving to a place of high tide marsh which is in the direction to a bank. In general, a range of from low tide marsh to high tide marsh is distributed with sequence of Suaeda japonica$\rightarrow$Suaeda maritima$\rightarrow$Suaeda japonica$\rightarrow$Aster tripolium$\rightarrow$Artemisia scoparia$\rightarrow$Carex scabrifolia$\rightarrow$Zoysia sinica$\rightarrow$Phragmites australis$\rightarrow$Phacelurus latifolius. Suaeda japonica has the highest dominance among the species composition and Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Artemisia scoparia, Carex scabrifolia and Phacelurus latifolius are distributed as zonation or patch. By the Z-M method eleven plant communities were recognized; Suaeda japonica, Suaeda japonica-Suaeda maritima, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica-Aster tripolium, Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Carex scabrifolia, Phacelurus latifolius, Artemisia scoparia-Aster tripolium, Paspalum distichum var. indutum and Aster tripolium-Artemisia scoparia community. The actual vegetation map was constructed of the grounds of the communities classified and other data.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2002

Objectives：For the purpose of obtaining the more vivid present status and prevention program of teenage pregnancy, this survey was done by Obstetricians, as study subject, who manage the pregnant teenager in real clinical situation. Methods：Structured survey form about teenage pregnancy was sent to 2,800 obstetricians. That form contained frequency, characteristics, decision making processes, and psychiatric aspects of the teenage pregnancy. 349 obstetricians replied that survey form and we analysed these datas. Results：(1) The trend of teenage pregnancy was mildly increased. (2) The most common cases were unwanted pregnancy by continuing sexual relationship with boyfriends rather than by forced, accidental sexual relationship with multiple partners. (3) The most common reason of labor was loss the time of artificial abotion. (4) Problems of pregnant girls' were conduct behaviors and poor informations about contraception rather than sexual abuse or mental retardation. (5) Most obstetricians percepted the necessity of psychiatric consultation, however psychiatric consultation was rare due to parents refusal and abscense of available psychiatric facility. (6) For the prevention of teenage pregnancy, the most important thing was practical education about contraception. Conclusions：Based on the result of this study, further study using structured interview schedule with pregnant girl is needed for the detecting risk factor of teenage pregnancy and effective systematic approach to pregnant girl.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.119-128
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• 2006

The scale of visual expression has expanded from freeze frame to motion picture as media have developed. Moving pictures such as animation, movies, TV CM and GUI become formative elements whose movement is necessary compared to freeze frame as apparent movement phenomenon and unit structure such as short and scene appear. Therefore, of formative elements such as a shape, color, space, size and movement, movement is importantly distinguished in the moving image. The expression and form of image as a relationship between the signified and signifier explained by Saussure are accepted as a sign by mutual complement even though they limit the content. This makes it possible to infer that the formal feature of movement participates in the message content. To verify this, the result of moving picture visual perception experiment based on the gestalt grouping principle result shows that 70-80 percent of subjects think that 'movement' is the important grouping clue in perception. Movement affects the maintenance of the context of message content in the communication process when the meaning structure of moving picture is analyzed based on the structural feature. The identity can be maintained with if there is a movement with similar directive point even if the color and shape of people, things and background are changed. Second, the clarity of the content is elevated by a distinguished object as a figure by movement. Third, it acts as a knowledge representation which can predict similar movement process of next information processing. Forth, movement gives the content consistency even though more than two scenes have fast switch and complicated editing structure like cross-cutting. Movement becomes a clue which can make grouping information input by visual perception reaction. Also, it gives the order to the visual expression which can be used improperly by formation of structural frame of image message and has the effectiveness which elevates the clarity of signification. Moving picture has discourse with several mixed unit structures because it fundamentally contains time and the common and distinguished expression is needed by media-mix circumstances. Therefore, by the application of gestalt grouping principle to moving picture field, movement becomes the more distinguished than other formative elements and affects the formation of meaning structure. This study propose a viewpoint that develops structural formative beauty and new image expression in the media image field.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.65-86
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• 2010

The conclusion for this paper is as following as to plan for advancing security. First, Depending on situation, security martial arts technique is necessary in security work, but the case that the client need to be covered by security guards to avoid the danger often happens. If there is no self-sacrifice and loyalty to the clients, the meaningful security work is not completed in this situation. Therefore, the basic views on education of security leaders need to be defensive than aggressive, and be spirit-equipped than technical feature. Second, more time has to be taken training mentality along with focusing on technical education of security martial arts. To escape from danger spreaded around, security guards must be strong mentally and physically, then they are able to finish the situation. If someone is chosen as a security guard, one's physical strength is already approved. This means that the rest part for the perfect accomplishment is strict discipline on mental one's mind, and basically physical training has to be continued. In conclusion, The elements that the instructor has to acquire are not only extensive theoretical knowledge of the security martial arts and real experiences through techniques but also personality cultivation which maximize the morality training. Accordingly, this could bring the client personally change in perception of the security guard, furthermore greatly expand the academic and professional security work of security department.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.27
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• pp.267-361
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• 2008

This article traces how the modern Chinese "nation" was constructed as an "imagined community" around Huang-ti (the Yellow Emperor) in late Qing. Huang-ti was a legendary figure in ancient China and the imperial courts monopolized the worship of him. Many late Qing intellectuals appropriated this symbolic figure and, through a set of discursive strategies of "framing, voice and narrative structure," transformed him into a privileged symbol for modern Chinese national identity. What Huang-ti could offer was, however, no more than a "public face" for the imagined new national community, or in other words, a formal structure without substantial contents. No consensus appeared on whom the Chinese nation should include and where the Chinese nation should draw its boundaries. The anti-Manchu revolutionaries emphasized the primordial attachment of blood and considered modern China an exclusive community of Huang-ti's descent. The constitutional reformers sought to stretch the boundaries to include the ethnic groups other than the Han. Some minority intellectuals, particularly the Manchu ones, re-constructed the historic memory of their ethnic origin around Huang-ti. The quarrels among intellectuals of different political persuasion testify how Huang-ti as the most powerful cultural symbol became a site for contests and negotiations in the late Qing process of national construction.