• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2002

The valley forests located at the east-facing slope and the west facing slope in Hambaeksan area were studied to investigate forest structure in relation to aspect and altitude of the slope. There was little difference in density. mean DBH and basal area of the tree layer between east-facing slope and west-facing slope. The importance percentages of Tilia amurensis and Betula costata in west-facing slope were higher than those in east-facing slope. However, the importance percentages of Quercus mongilica and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in the west facing slope were lower than those in east-facing slope. Species diversity of the west-facing slope was 1.415 and that of the east-facing slope was 1.328. Elevation trends were also found for forest structure. As elevation Increased basal area and mean height of the tree layer decreased in both of east-facing slope and west-facing slope. There was a tendency that number of species, species diversity and evenness decreased with increasing elevation. The importance percentage of Quercus mongolica increased with increasing elevation while those of Betula costata and Maackia amurensis decreased. The result of cluster analysis for the tree and subtree layer indicated that the studied forests were classified into the mixed forest community of broad-leaved tree species at west-facing slope and the low and middle elevation belts of east-facing slope and Quercus mongolica community at the high elevation belt of east-facing slope. Quercus mongolica was significantly and positively correlated with Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and deutzia glabrata. Betula costata was significantly and negatively correlated with Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.30 no.3 s.47
• /
• pp.353-359
• /
• 2004

The extent of silica flocculation can be modified by varying the silica concentration, aqueous phase pH, salt and polvmer concentration. High volume fraction W/O emulsion stabilized by hydrophobic silica was established with various aqueous phase conditions for cosmetic application. By increasing the silica concentration up to $1.0\;wt\%,$ the size of droplet decreased. A high silica concentration increased the viscosity of continuous oil phase by network formation, which resulted in target size of droplet. The stability of W/O emulsion is improved as increasing the aqueous phase pH. At low and intermediate pH, the emulsions became more stable by adding salt $(0.083\;mol\;dm^{-3}\;MgSO_4).$ At high PH, the presence of salt caused significant destabilization. The gelation behavior of the emulsion indicates that the effect of salt on silica-stabilized emulsion is derived from an electrostatic attraction. The addition of xanthan gum in aqueous phase increased the mono-dispersity of the W/O emulsion by making water more hydrophobic and hindering the recombination of droplets. In conclusion, these results indicate that very stable emulsifier-free, finely dispersed W/O emulsion can be achieved for cosmetic application by changing the aqueous phase composition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2012

As one of photo dynamic therapies, the existing LED photo irradiation method with 635 nm continuous wave has most frequently been used for acne treatment, it suffered from a low energy efficiency and generation of a large amount of heat in tissues requiring improvement measures. In this thesis, a LED photo irradiation system for acne treatment has been designed using PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) mode to enhance the energy efficiency and prevent thermal destruction in tissues. System configuration consisting largely of timer module, PWM module, and photo transfer device has been designed with the use of 1 W LED at a wavelength of 660 nm for the photo transfer device to increase skin penetration depth for treatment of acne. Frequency and wave form generated by using PWM control was verified along with confirmation of output energy of 660 nm LED and surface temperatures of tissues, followed by evaluation of stable energy outputs and stability of tissues. The results indicated that whereas power loss was high and thermal destruction in tissues was exhibited when C.W mode was used to obtain the optical energy of 1 W LED at a wavelength of 660 nm for acne treatment, realization of PWM mode allowed lowering of power consumption for LED through pulse width modulation, and no occurrence of thermal destruction in tissues, suggesting that PWM mode is safer and more effective for treatment of acne than C.W mode.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.144-151
• /
• 2017

This study examined the anti-inflammatory and whitening effects of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp L.) seed extract. Amaranthus spp L. seeds were extracted using 70% ethanol and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, dichloromethan, ethyl acetate and butanol. For the study of anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells, EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds significantly inhibited nitrogen oxide production as well as the protein level of iNOS. Furthermore, EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds inhibited expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, PGE2 and the protein level of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Inaddition, the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the Amaranthus spp L. seed 70% ethanol extract and subfractions were also measured to see if these extracts can be used as an ingredient for whitening cosmetics. Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is a rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors have become increasingly important in cosmetics and medical products with regards to hyperpigmentation. EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. This activity was more potent than that of a positive control cynandione A. These results suggest that Amaranthus spp L. seeds may be a valuable natural ingredient for the food and cosmetics industries.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
• /
• v.25
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2006

생명공학의 시대로 일컬어 지고 있는 오늘날, 재생의학 분야에서는 난치성 질환 치료를 목적으로 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히, 줄기세포를 이용한 세포 대체치료 관련 연구는 최근 국내 황우석 박사의 체세포 핵이식 배아세포주 확립에 이르기 까지 괄목할 만한 발전을 보여 주고 있다. 이와 관련해 생명보험산업에 적잖은 파장이 예상되며, 생명보험사 내부적으로 기존에 판매된 상품의 사차손 관리와 함께 급속도로 발전하는 줄기세포 연구에 직접적으로 대응하는 상품개발, 언더라이팅, 지급 심사 등 보험사 내외에서의 전방위적인 변화가 필요하다는 문제 제기가 있다. 줄기세포란 조직 분화 과정에서 볼 수 있는 세포이며 근육 뼈 뇌 피부 등 신체의 어떤 기관으로도 전환할 수 있는 만능세포로서, 간 폐 심장 등 구체적 장기를 형성하기 이전에 분화를 멈출 배아 단계의 세포를 말한다. 한편, 성체줄기세포는 조직이나 기관의 분화된 세포들 사이에서 발견되는 미분화 세포로써, 자기 스스로 증식할 수 있으며, 조직이나 기관의 특수한 기능을 가지고 있는 세포로 분화할 수 있는 능력을 가진 신체줄기세포를 말한다. 배아줄기세포와 생체줄기세포를 통한 장기이식 등 난치병 정복은 윤리적, 사회적으로 많은 논란이 예상되며, 기술적으로도 해결해야 할 문제점들이 산적해 있기 때문에 아직은 요원한 것이 사실이다. 현재 유럽 대부분의 나라와 미국에서는 인간 배아의 복제가 금지되어 있으며, 일본 정부는 연구용 배아 복제를 제한적으로 허용하고 있다. 하지만, 우리 나라의 경우 2005년 1월에 '생명윤리 및 안전에 관한 법'이 발효되었지만 정부는 관련 부작용에 대한 깊은 고찰 없이 전폭적인 지원들 약속하고 있는 실정이다. 줄기세포 연구의 발달로 인해 인류가 난치병 치료의 첫 장을 열었다고 하더라도 그 영향이 당장 보험사에 미친다고 할 수는 없다. 왜냐하면 앞으로 이러한 신기술이 실제 의료행위에 적용되기 위해서는 여러 단계의 안정화 작업과 임상시험이 필요한데 이러한 작업이 기술적으로 어렵고 그 시간도 만만치 않게 걸리기 때문이다. 또한, 보험사의 보장은 크게 사망/수술/입원/암/기타보장으로 구별할 수 있는데, 줄기세포 연구의 발달과 관련이 있는 보장이 제한되어 있어 보험사에 미치는 영향이 당장 우려할 만한 수준이라 할 수 없다. 하지만 만약 치료용 줄기세포 배양으로 인한 장기 기관의 이식이나 손상세포의 대체 등과 같은 의학신기술의 예상 외로 급격하게 발전한다면 보험사의 Risk 관리에 상당한 저해요인으로 작용할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 진단 입원 수술로 대표되는 생존보장에 대한 사차 Risk 및 사차손의 급증이나 역선택 증가는 보험사의 경영수지 악화를 유발하여 보험산업 전반에 위험으로 작용할 수도 있다. 따라서, 장기적인 안목으로 업계 공동의 대응이 필요하고, 각 사에서도 상품개발, 언더라이팅, 지급심사 간의 긴밀한 협조가 요구된다. 생명보험산업의 Risk 관리는 기존의 시장환경에 영향을 받는 비차, 이차중심에서 보험회사가 어느 정도 관리를 통해 적정규모를 유지할 수 있는 사차로 그 중심축이 이동하고 있다. 보험산업이 계속 활력을 갖고 성장하기 위해서는 체계적인 Risk나 관리가 핵심일 것이며, 보험사의 사차 Risk의 중요성이 더욱 커져 가고 있는 현실에서 거시적으로 의학신기술 발달 등 위험요인에 대해 미리 분석하고 이에 대한 대비책 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2020

In this study, for the safe use of a portable ultrasonic skin-beauty device, an android app was developed to show the irradiation locations of focused ultrasound to a user through augmented reality (AR) and enable stable self-surgery. The utility of the app was assessed through testing. While the user is making a facial treatment with the beauty device, the user's face and the ultrasonic irradiation location on the face are detected in real-time with a smart-phone camera. The irradiation location is then indicated on the face image and shown to the user so that excessive ultrasound is not irradiated to the same area during treatment. To this end, ML-Kit is used to detect the user's face landmarks in real-time, and they are compared with a reference face model to estimate the pose of the face, such as rotation and movement. After mounting a LED on the ultrasonic irradiation part of the device and operating the LED during irradiation, the LED light was searched to find the position of the ultrasonic irradiation on the smart-phone screen, and the irradiation position was registered and displayed on the face image based on the estimated face pose. Each task performed in the app was implemented through the thread and the timer, and all tasks were executed within 75 ms. The test results showed that the time taken to register and display 120 ultrasound irradiation positions was less than 25ms, and the display accuracy was within 20mm when the face did not rotate significantly.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.142-154
• /
• 2022

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is one of the main problems in Bangladesh. As toxicity causes serious human health problems such as edema, skin cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, hyperkeratosis, premature birth, and black foot disease. As contamination in groundwater mainly originates from the geological characteristics of the area due to the influence of anthropogenic activities. Since most of the people in Bangladesh rely on tube well for drinking water, it is necessary to investigate the current status of As pollution and identify the treatment technologies that can be used to provide arsenic-free drinking water in water-scarce areas. A total of 92 papers were reviewed in this study to present a complete overview of the recent status of groundwater As contamination in Bangladesh and different low-cost remediation technologies. A method for evaluating the relative feasibility of different treatment technologies was also utilized to determine the most appropriate technologies for groundwater As treatment in Bangladesh. The districts with the highest groundwater As contamination include Brahamanbariya, Tangail, Barisal, Pabna, Patuakhali, Kurigram, Magura, and Faridpur, with concentrations exceeding 0.05 mg/L. Only six districts had relatively low groundwater arsenic concentrations (0.01 mg/L), including Kushtia, Khagrachari, Jessore, Dinajpur, Meherpur, and Munshiganj. There were a number of technologies used for treating As in water, but aerated electrocoagulation, Mg-Fe-based hydrotalcite-like compound, and electro-chemical As remediation (ECAR) reactor were found to be the most feasible treatment methods for As. Overall, the investment, operational, and maintenance costs, availability of materials, and expertise requirements should be considered when selecting the most appropriate treatment method for As in water.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.216-226
• /
• 2023

Since nylon 66, a polyamide resin, has been developed and applied to toothbrush bristles, plastic consumption has increased rapidly every year, along with the increase in the amount of plastic discarded. Among the various forms of plastic debris produced by the decomposition of plastics, microplastics with a size of less than 5 mm are widely distributed in the environment, which poses a threat not only to the environment but also to animals and humans. The pathway through which microplastics enter the human body is known as ingestion by water and food, inhalation from air, and skin contact. Microplastics introduced into the human body affect human health. Recently, food-related studies have begun to be reported among microplastics-related studies, and analyses of the presence of microplastics in processed foods, such as canned foods, dried seaweed, beverages, beer, milk, sugar, and honey, are underway. Here, we present trends in the production and consumption of plastics, the generation of microplastics, the route of human inflow and human risk, and the microplastics present in processed foods, which are limited but have recently been reported. Thus far, studies on microplastics and risk assessment in processed foods have been insufficient, but microplastics are gradually being recognized as a factor that affects the environment and food. Future studies are expected to have implications for regulations regarding microplastics present in processed foods.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.514-528
• /
• 2014

This study examined the actual state and future improvement of food allergies in adolescents and adults in order to prevent damage. In this survey, proportions of females, people in their 40s, college graduates, and office workers and housewives with allergies were higher than other groups. Exactly 41.1% of participants responded that they had experienced food allergies while 58.9% responded that they had not. According to their responses, the most common food allergy symptom involved the skin while whole-body allergic reactions were rare. Most respondents answered that frequency of their food allergies was two or three times. There was a variety of allergenic foods, including fast food, eggs, mackerel and milk, and instant food was ranked as the most allergenic food. Therefore, in order to protect consumers from damage caused by food allergens, the food allergen labeling system must be improved. A better food allergen labeling system should be implemented to avoid potential risks of allergic reactions and ensure national food safety.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2009

Heavy metal pollution may be one of the most serious challenges confront crop production and human health. Therefore, the selection of heavy metal tolerance cultivars which adapted to the contaminated fields will introduced a suitable solution for management this critical environmental risk. The objectives of this research is to assess human health risk using geochemical analyses and exposure assessment of heavy metals in rice cultivars. Risk for inhabitants in the closed mine area was comparatively assessed for As, Cd, Cu and Pb in 10 rice varieties as a major exposure pathway. The average daily dose (ADD) of each heavy metal was estimated by analyzing the exposure pathways to rice and soil. For the non-carcinogenic risk characterization, Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated using toxicity indices provided by US-EPA IRIS. The different rice varieties revealed a wide range of HI values from 23.6 to 34.3, indicating that all rice varieties have a high potential toxic risk. The DA rice variety showed the lowest HI value while the TB rice variety the highest. The probabilities of cancer risk for As via rice consumption were varied with rice varieties ranging from 2.0E-03 to 3.5E-03 which exceeded the regulatory acceptable risk of 1 in 10,000 set by US-EPA. The DA rice variety also showed the lowest value while the TB rice variety gave the highest value. Our results indicate that risk assessment can be contribute to screen the pollution safe rice cultivars in paddy fields affected by the mining activity.