• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2000

The skin is an organ that has many important roles, including protection against infection, regulation of temperature and fluid loss, and sensory function. Injury to the skin, wound repair normally involves: (1) balanced activity of inflammation, (2) the re-epithelial phase and (3) the matrix formation of remodeling phase. Thus, skin wound healing is a finely controlled biological process involving a series of complex cellular interactions. Laser therapy is being implemented with increasing frequency in medicine. Low intensity laser is one that is capable of producing an energy density so low that any biologic alterations are the result of direct irradiation effect, not thermal events. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low intensity laser therapy on skin wound healing in rabbits. A total of 10 male rabbits (New Zealand White Rabbit), age 8 weeks were used. Skin wound were surgically created dorso-lateral on the flank of 10 rabbits (2$\times$2 cm/damage areas). The experimental animals were treated with 5Hz (830 nm wave length) low-intensity laser (MILTA-01 Model) daily for 10 min (1.6 J/$cm^2$) for 12 days. Control animals were sham treated with the laser head. Laser irradiation animals showed a complete remodeling of the epithelial layer, a positive repair of connective tissues, and enhanced the wound closure rate over time as compared to the control animals. Especially, laser irradiation groups improved fibroblast activity, cellular content, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition which is resulted in improving the tensile strength of the wound. These findings suggest that laser photostimulation could accelerate healing of open wound in rabbits, and may be benefit in the treatment of open wound, including decubitis ulcers.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

This work was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Paulownia coreana Uyeki on abirritant, atopy and acne skin. Paulownia coreana Uyeki has been used as a traditional medicine having anti-febrile, anti-inflammation effect in Korea, Paulownia coreana Uyeki loaves were extracted with 70% EtOH. Its superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production were examined. The extract inhibitied the generation of NO and $PGE_2$ induced by LPS in the macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7). Consistent with the inhibitory effects on No and $PGE_2$ generation, the extract inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2. In further study, it was found that the extract prevented $IkB-{\alpha}$ degradation, as demonstrated by western blot analysis of $IkB-{\alpha}$ protein level. However, the extract treatment did not affect cell viability at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration in both human skin fibroblast and Raw 264.7 cells in vitro. Thus, the present study suggests that Paulownia coreana Uyeki leaves extract have significant anti-inflammatory activity and potential as an anti-irritation material.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.420-426
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• 2012

In this study, we prepared polymer micelles containing quercetin and rutin, known as antioxidants, using poly(${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol), and evaluated in vitro skin permeation of the active materials. Quercetin and rutin loaded micelles were characterized by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and DLS (dynamic light scattering) measurements. The particle size of the polymer micelles increased in a concentration dependent manner (0.5~2.0% PCL-b-PEG). The Zeta potential of quercetin and rutin loaded micelles remained constant. To evaluate the skin penetration of PCL-b-PEG micelles, Franz diffusion cell experiment was performed. The aqueous solutions of quercetin and rutin were used as the control groups. Quercetin and rutin loaded PCL-b-PEG micelles showed more efficient skin permeation than the control groups. Safety assessment (patch test) of quercetin and rutin loaded PCL-b-PEG micelles on skin was performed to test application possibility of the polymer micelles to cosmetics. Any adverse symptoms were not observed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1999

Background: Ineffective cell-mediated immune response in human tuberculosis is associated with a depressed Thl cytokine response and reduced production of IFN-$\gamma$. Most persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are healthy tuberculin reactors with protective immunity, but a minority with ineffective immunity develop extensive pulmonary tuberculosis. The cell-mediated immune response is an important aspect of host resistance to mycobacterial infection and is believed to be tightly regulated by a balance between Th1 cytokines including IFN-$\gamma$, IL-12, IL-18, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and Th2 counterparts such as IL-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-l (MCP-l). Methods: Proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-$\gamma$, RANTES and MCP-l by RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to in vitro stimulation with mycobacterial antigens were compared in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with cured and treatment failure and in tuberculin-positive and tuberculin-negative healthy subjects. Results: Defective proliferative responsiveness to aqueous TSP antigen was involved with treatment failure tuberculosis patients. Aqueous TSP antigen-induced IFN-$\gamma$ and RANTES mRNA expression was decreased in treatment failure tuberculosis patients compared with healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (23.1 % versus 90.0% for IFN-$\gamma$ and 46.2% versus 70.0% versus 46.2% for RANTES). The frequency of MCP-l mRNA expression to aqueous TSP antigen in treatment failure tuberculosis patients was greater than in healthy tuberculin reactors and cured tuberculosis patients (76.9% versus 40.0%). Conclusion: The increasing expression of MCP-1 mRNA in response to aqueous TSP antigen might be predicted to favor Th1 responses and restricted Th1 responses in treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2001

In the present study, we examined eye irritation oj six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB). We also compared eye irritation with skin irritation and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells by these agents. The highest eye irritation was found in glycolic acid, but all trans-retinoic acid showed the highest skin irritation. The rank of eye irritation was not correlated with the cytotoxicity of agents. This result shows that eye irritation potency by these agents were not correlated with skin irritation potency, and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2001

Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers to impart softness and flexibility to normally rigid polyvinylchloride products. However, there are not much studies jar dermal and ocular irritation toxicity of phthalates. So we investigated the skin or eye irritation effect of some phthalates which was not reported. The primary skin irritation of diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP) and dipropyl phthalate (DPrP) was studied. The ocular irritation of dibutyl phthalate(DBP), DIDP, DINP, DPP and DPrP was also studied. DEP, DIDP, DINP, DPP, and DPrP were found to be non-irritating to the skin of the test animals. DBP, DIDP, DINP and DPP were found to be non-irritating to the eye of the rabbits. DPrP caused the slight irritations to the eye in 1 or 2 days after treatment but irritation of the animals was soon recovered.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2011

The study of irritation and toxicity of honeybee(Apis mellifera. L) venom collected by a bee venom collector applied topically to the skin and mucous membrane were carried out to prove the safety of honeybee venom in clinical use. Animal for the research was the rabbit and the solution for the test was made from honeybee venom. Six animals were used for the skin test and nine animals were used for the eye mucous membrane test. In results, both tests proved that honeybee venom makes no irritable reaction on skin and eye mucous membrane of rabbit. We consider that this result is helpful for saying about the safety of honeybee venom in clinical use.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2000

Carthami tinctorii Fructus is known for its good effect on diseases such as fracture, menorrhalgia, menoschesis, puerperium aneilema and so on. The study of irritation and toxicity of Carthami oil aquapuncture solution applied topically to the skin and the eye mucous membrane were carried out to prove the safety of Carthami oil aquapuncture solution in clinical use. Animal for the research was the rabbit and the solution for the test was made from Carthami semen. 6 animals were used for the skin test and 9 animals were used for the eye mucous membrane test. In results, both tests proved that Carthami oil aquapuncture solution makes no irritable reaction on skin and eye mucous membrane of rabbit. We consider that this result is helpful for saying about the safety of Carthami oil aquapuncture solution in clinical use.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.443-447
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• 1999

최근들어 제품개발에 앞서 제품으로 인해 유발되는 감성을 측정하기 위한 시도가 늘고 있다. 그러나 제품을 사용하면서 나타나는 행동의 변화는 많은 영향 요소를 포함하고 있어 이를 해석하기가 어렵다. 본 연구는 안정을 유도하는 Herb차를 개발하거나 치약과 같이 사용으로 인한 감성유발 효과를 보고싶어하는 요구에 따라 시행하였다. 우선 실험전 피검자의 불안 척도, 기본 check list에 따라 피검자를 선택하였다. 또한 객관적 감성 지표로는 Fz, Fp1, Cz, Oz에서 뇌파를 측정하였고 EOG를 시행하여 noise를 제거하였다. 자율신경계 반응으로 galvanic skin resistance(GSR), 피부온도, 심박수등을 동시에 측정하였다. 이들 제품 사용으로 인한 객관적 감성 변화의 대조군으로는 행동 시행전에 측정하였다. 제품 사용 후 10분 간격으로 30-60분까지 나타나는 변화를 측정하였으며, 이들 제품들은 안정 효과를 유도하고자 기획되었으므로 대조군으로 00 $\times$ 0의 복잡한 계산문제를 주어 stress로 인한 감성, 걷는 동작, 손 씻는 행위등을 나누어 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 제품 사용으로 인한 감성의 변화는 GSR에서 가장 잘 반영되었고 또한 계산 문제로 인한 자극에서도 역시 GSR의 변화가 가장 뚜렷하였다. Herb차인 경우 기호도에 따른 차이가 나타났음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.36-43
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• 2020

The extracts of antioxidants, torreya nucifera and alphinia henryi, were tested for properties as a fragrance material and applied to a mask pack formulation to study the fragrance properties. The DPPH antioxidant test of hot water and ethanol extract confirmed that the ethanol extract had superior antioxidant efficacy compared to the hot water extract. It was confirmed that the optimal mixing ratio as a raw material for the mask pack of torreya nucifera and alphinia henryi was 3:7 as a result of the DPPH antioxidant test. As a result of the cytotoxicity test, the cell viability was good as it showed 103.30% at 0.5 ug/mL, 104.25% at 1 ug/mL, 102.56% at 5 ug/mL, and 99.17% at 10 ug/mL compared to the untreated group. As a result of the patch test on the mask pack formulation, the skin irritation index of 0.02 was judged as a non-irritation product in the skin irritation primary stimulation human application test. In the evaluation of skin moisturizing, it showed a significant increase rate of 19.178% compared to before the sample adaptation. Evaluation of the change over time in the sheet mask pack formulation confirmed the formulation stability without viscosity and pH change for 12 weeks at low temperature(4℃), room temperature(25℃), and high temperature(45℃).