• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

The safety of cosmetics or cosmetic ingredients on human skin is generally evaluated by visual assessment but some early subtle skin changes may not be noticed by the naked eyes. Thus, the present study was conducted to detect skin reactions induced by mildly irritating cosmetic ingredients by using a laser Doppler perfusion imager (LDPI) method that measures blood flow, a $Vapometer^{(R)}$ that measure strans epidermal water loss (TEWL), and a spectrophotometer that measures the skin color as the erythema values ($a^*$). Visual assessment showed that all tested oils and humectants except propylene glycol belong to the low skin irritation ranges (grades 0+ to 2.9+) while all tested surfactants and propylene glycol belong to the moderate-to strong-skin irritation ranges (grades 3+ to 5+). Among three instrumental methods, TEWL assessment appeared to be more sensitive than spectrophotometric or LDPI method and suitable for the detection of subtle skin response invisible to the naked eye (grades 0+ to 2.9+). Skin reactions of grade 3+ to 5+ could be detected by all three instrumental methods. In conclusion, the current study suggested that the sub-clinical skin reactions due to mild irritants contained in cosmetics can be best assessed by TEWL measurements.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 플라시보 자락요법을 계발하기 위함이다. 방법 : 이 연구에서 우리는 자락요법을 잘 알고 있는 특정 피시험군에 진자락요법과 위자락요법을 시행하고, 피시험자에게 본인이 받은 치료가 무엇이었는지 설문조사하였다. 위자락요법은 피부를 뚫어 혈관을 자파시키지 않고 피부 겉에서 느낌만 나도록 자극을 주고 흡입하는 것이다. 결과 : 총 53명의 피시험자가 모든 시험과정에 적절하게 참가하였으므로 모든 데이터를 신뢰할 수 있었다. 결과는 두 그룹간에 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 위자락요법을 받은 피시험자중 44.4%는 그들이 받은 치료가 진자락요법이라고 생각했고, 55.6%는 위자락요법이라고 생각했다. 진자락요법을 받은 피시험자중 53.8%는 그들이 받은 치료가 진자락요법이라고 생각했고, 46.2%는 위자락요법이라고 생각했다. 결론 : 각 군간의 민감도와 특이도 간에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않으므로, 자락요법에 있어 플라시보가 성공했다고 볼 수 있다. 이 연구는 자락요법을 적응증으로 하는 다양한 질환의 임상연구에 있어서 대조군 처치시 좋은 모델을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2018

Instant face lifting cosmetics contain various film forming agents for stretching the wrinkles on the skin surface. But, most of the film-forming polymers have sticky feels. And they are easily scrubbed out when skin is rubbed on. In this study, we focused on the influence of sodium silicate that has rapid film forming effect on skin surface and immediate wrinkle reducing effect. Sodium silicate, also known as water glass or soluble glass, is a compound containing sodium oxide and silica. Sodium silicate is a white powder that is readily soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution. Sodium silicate is stable in neutral and alkaline solutions. The sodium silicate solution hardens by drying in air and rapidly forms a thin film. When the solution is applied to the skin, the fine membrane coating is formed by water evaporation and ionic bond re-formation. It also makes the strong siloxane (Si-O) bonding on the skin surface. When these fixation properties are applied to cosmetics, they can give remarkable skin tightening effect. The sodium silicate solution can provide the lifting effect by forming a film on skin at a proper concentration. But, skin irritation may be caused with too high concentration of sodium silicate. We studied a desirable range of the sodium silicate concentration and combination with other fixatives for skin care formulation that has no sticky feels and no scrubbing out phenomenon. Immediate lifting gel was developed by using sodium silicate and various thickening systems. Among of the various thickeners, aluminum magnesium silicate showed the best compatibility with sodium silicate for rapid lifting effect. This instant physical lifting gel was confirmed as a low stimulating formula by skin clinical test.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2024

In the literature, inhalation of cosmetic fragrances, including natural extracts or natural essential oils, has been reported to induce brainwave changes. Angelica gigas (AG) and Cnidium officinale (CO) are widely used in East Asian countries as traditional medicines to improve health, but there have been no previous reports of inhaling their aromas and assessing changes in brain activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. In this study, the scent of natural herbal extracts such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Compositae), AG, and CO was inhaled and evaluated whether emotional state changes were caused by olfactory stimuli, and brain activity was confirmed through EEG records before and after inhaling the scent of natural herbal extracts in subjects aged 20 to 30. We also used an electrocardiogram (ECG) to record the electrical activity of the heart during fragrance administration. The test results indicated that inhaling the scents of Compositae, AG, and CO extracts, as well as the positive control lavender, significantly increased the relative alpha power and the alpha/beta ratio of brain waves across the brain regions. The ECG recordings indicated that the inhalation of Compositae fragrance significantly decreased the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, and that the inhalation of traditional herbal extract fragrances resulted in comfort and relaxation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1987

Hypertermia for the treatment of cancer has been introduced for a long time and the biological effect for the use of hyperthermia to treat malignant tumors has been well established and encouraging clinical results have been obserbed. Unfortunately, however, the engineering or technical aspects of hyperthermia for the deep seated tumors has not been satisfactory. We developed the radiofrequency capactive hyperthermia device (Greenytherm-GY8) in cooperation with Yonsei Cancer Center and Green Cross Medical Corporation. It was composed with $8{\sim}10MHz$ RF generator, capacitive electrode, matching system, cooling system, temperature measuring system and control PC computer. The thermal profile was investigated in agar phantom, animals and in human tumors, heated with capactivie RF device. Deep and homogeneous heating could be achieved in a large phantom of 25cm diameter and 19cm thick when heated with a pair of 23cm diameter electrodes, coupled to both bases of the phantom, when the size of the two electrodes was not the same, the region near the smaller electrode was preferentially heated. It was, therefore, possible to control the depth of heating by choosing proper size of electrodes. Therapeutic temperature $(42^{\circ}C{\sim}43^{\circ}C)$ could be obtained in the living animal experiments. Indications are that deep heating of humn tumors might be achieved with the capacitive method, provided that subcutaenous fat layer is cooled by temperature controlled bolus and large size of electrodes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed two components, sulforaphane and PF-3758309 to prove that the mixed composition of them has more effective antioxidant and whitening functions compared to each component. We analyzed the cellular toxicity of each component and also the mixed composition to find the safe concentration level for cell viability. From the single component treatment, we discovered that sulforaphane was safe up to $10{\mu}M$, and PF-3758309 up to 100 nM. Combination treatment of $10{\mu}M$ sulforaphane and 1 nM PF-3758309 did not affect the cell viability. The LPS-stimulated NO generation was significantly reduced by the mixed composition of sulforaphane and PF-3758309. Melanogenesis by ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) was also inhibited by the mixed composition. In order to confirm the possibility as the cosmetic material, we carried out clinical studies for the mixed composition samples. Skin safety evaluation using patch test was judged to be unstimulated, skin whitening effect was increased, and melanin deposition was suppressed by treatment of mixed composition samples. These results provide us with the opportunity for applying it into the development of new functional cosmetics.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.490-498
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• 2010

Isotianil is a fungicide which has prevention effects against rice blast disease. In order to register this new pesticide, the series of toxicity data on animal testing were reviewed to evaluate its hazards to consumers and to determine its acceptable daily intake. Isotianil was almost excreted by urine and feces. It has low acute oral toxicity while has no skin toxicity and ocular irritation. Its skin sensitization was evaluated as slight. Genotoxicity of parent compound and metabolite was negligible. Chronic toxicity tests on rats and dogs showed changes of hematology, clinical biochemistry and liver weight. It had no reproductive and teratogenic effects. The estimation of Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI) is based on the lowest no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). The lowest NOAEL of 2.83 mg/kg bw/day was found in the twelve-months rats study. The NOAEL was based on increased liver weight and treatment-related effect on clinica chemistry finding at the nest higher dose level of 2.83 mg/kg bw/day. Therefore, it is considered appropriated to apply an uncertainty factor of 100 to the NOAEL 2.83 mg/kg bw/day from the rat study, resulting in an ADI of 0.028 mg/kg bw/day.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2012

Loess-sulfur complex has been widely used as an environmental friendly organic materials for insecticides and fungicides in crop cultivation. However, there are high concerns about skin and eye irritation for farm workers due to the high alkaline properties of loess-sulfur complex. The acute toxicity evaluation was conducted with three samples of loess-sulfur complex in different pH (pH 9, 10, 11) in order to supply the evidentiary data for selecting the optimal product among the test materials. The results of acute oral toxicity using rats showed $LD_{50}$ of over 2,000 mg/kg b.w. for all three samples of loess-sulfur complex. The calculated acute dermal $LD_{50}$ of all tested materials was over 4,000 mg/kg b.w.. The Skin and eye irritation indicated that all tested materials have no irritation. Consequently, it was suggested that loess-sulfur complex be low in acute toxicity at all different pH values (pH 9~11).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.233-236
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• 2003

A 10 year old, intact female Yorkshire terrier was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University. Upon admission, the patient had severe necrotic skin disease on face and abdominal wall, and also showed polyuria, polydipsia (PUPD), and polyphagia. A tentatative diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism was made on the basis of history takings, physical examination, and results of CBC and serum biochemistry. Hyperadrencorticism was confirmed by ACTH stimulation test and pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) was diagnosed according to the results of high dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST). After initiating mitotane therapy, severe skin problem and clinical signs including PUPD were improved. And we determined whether or not mitotane therapy well controlled serum cortisol level with ACTH stimulation test. This case was presented to show that the patient misdiagnosed and treated for more than 1 year as other dermatologic problem in 3 local animal clinics was treated and managed sucessfully with mitotane administration.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Cornus walteri Wanger has been used in folk medicine in Korea. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been known as a major cause of photo damage in skin. In the present study, research on how to cure damaged cells by UVB was conducted using an extract of Cornus walteri Wanger leaves (CWE), which was treated with an enzyme. CWE was applied to human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) affected by UVB. UVB-irradiated HS68 cells showed increased caspase-3 activity, phosphorylation of p53, ${\gamma}H2AX$, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) formation, and DNA fragmentation compared with non-irradiated cells. However, all these effects were inhibited by treatment with CWE for 12 h after UVB irradiation. Furthermore, CWE has proved not to cause primary skin irritation through the human patch test. Collectively, these results suggest that CWE could be a new potential candidate as photoprotective agent against UVB-induced cellular damage in HDFs.