• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2020

The skin is colonized by a large number of microorganisms with a stable composition of species. However, disease states of skin such as acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis have specific microbiome compositions that are different from those of healthy skin. The target modulation of the skin microbiome can be a potential treatment for these skin diseases. Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial cell-cell communication system, can control the survival of bacteria and increase cell density. Also, QS affects the pathogenicity of bacteria such as biofilm formation and protease production. In this study, we confirmed anti-QS activity of Amorepacific patented ingredients, which are Lactobacillus ferment lysate (using Lactobacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261, KCCM 11179P) through bio-reporter bacterial strain Chromobacterium violaceum. The purple pigment production of C. violaceum controlled by QS was reduced 27.3% by adding 10 ㎍/mL of Lactobacillus ferment lysate (freeze dried). In addition, the Lactobacillus ferment lysate increased growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis 12% and decreased growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 38.5% and its biofilm formation 17.7% at a concentration of 10 ㎍/mL compared to the untreated control group. Moreover, S. epidermidis was co-cultured with the representative dermatological bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in the same genus, the growth of S. epidermidis was increased 134 % and the growth of S. aureus was decreased 13%. These results suggest that fermented lysate using Lactobacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 may be useful as a cosmetic ingredient that can control the balance of skin microbiome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.141-157
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DOGO phreatic water containing germanium on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga mouse. Methods : We made DOGO phreatic water added germanium. After making atopic dermatitis caused by sensitizing NC/Nga mouse to DNCB(dinitrochlorobenzene), we made mouse swim in tanks each filled with distilled water, tap water, DOGO phreatic water, DOGO phreatic water(added germanium) for 30minutes everyday. 3weeks later, we analyzed skin clinical score, total IgE levels(by ELISA), WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes), absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$, CCR3 mRNA expressions(by Real-time PCR), IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels(by ELISA), histologic test(by H&E staining, toluidine blue staining). Results : The results of making NC/Nga mouse induced atopic dermatitis swim in tanks filled with DOGO phreatic water(contain germanium) are as follows. 1. Skin clinical scores were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 2. Total IgG levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 3. WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes) were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 4. Absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$ were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 5. CCR3 mRNA expressions were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 6. IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 7. The epithelial tissue thickness, leucocytes infiltration, erythema, edema, excoriation, scaling, mast cells infiltrations in dorsal skin were decreased in comparison to control group. Conclusions : These results indicate that DOGO phreatic water(contain germanium) can be used for helping treat atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2010

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic recurrent skin disease which usually developed in infancy or childhood. AD often repeat improvement and relapse. The cause of AD is so indefinite that many methods of therapies(moisturizer, steroid ointment, antihistamine, immunomodulator, immunosuppressant, herbal medicine, alternative medicine, etc.) are tried. Recently, a lot of studies were made. But there is no report about the effect of Samulsopungeum(SM) and Prednisolone(PN) on AD. So, author aimed to investigate the effects of SM and PN on AD of NC/Nga mice. Methods : Thirty two mice(8 Balb/c mice and 24 NC.Nga mice) were divided into four groups; Balb/c mice was normal group. NC/Nga mice were divide into three group : control, PN, SM group. AD was induced in the control, PN, SM group by spreading DNCB. Then normal saline, PN and SM were orally administered three times in a week for 8 weeks to the control, PN, SM group, respectively. We observed changes of clinical skin severity score, serum IgE, IgG1, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and so on. We used one-way ANOVA test statistically(p<0.01). Results : The clinical skin severity scores of PN group and SM group in 8th week were decreased compared to the control group. Serum IgE, IgGl levels of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum IFN-$\gamma$ in SM group was significantly increased compared to the control group. But, Serum IFN-$\gamma$ in PN group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum IL-10 levels of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. mRNA expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the dorsal skin tissues of PN group and SM group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. According to biopsy reports of the ear and skin tissues showed that the tissue damage of PN group and SM group were highly reduced compared to the control group. Creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST levels of PN group and SM group were normal. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered that SM is effective treatment for the AD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.199-214
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• 2010

Objective : Atopic dermatitis (AD) may profoundly affect patient's quality of life (QOL), and also cause economic impact. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of life and the economic impact of adult atopic dermatitis patient in Seoul. We also evaluate the relationship of QOL and economic impact with severity of AD. Methods : 30 adult atopic dermatitis patient were included and evaluated by using the SCORAD Index and EASI. Patients were asked to fill in the questionnaires about their quality of life and financial costs during the past year by AD. Data about sleep disturbance and pruritus were also obtained. Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results : 1. Among 30 patients, women were 19(63.3%), men were 11(36.7%). The mean age of the patients were 27.3 years old, patients between the ages of 17 and 30 years were 23, over 30 were seven. 2. The mean score of Objective SCORAD was $32.89{\pm}7.30$, Subjective SCORAD was $8.13{\pm}3.53$ and EASI was $9.15{\pm}6.90$이었다. 3. The mean score of Skindex-29 was $28.26{\pm}7.58$, DLQI was $10.17{\pm}5.55$. 4. By analyzing the questionnaire, a monthly average cost of 583,200 won for each patient was determined. Direct cost was 236,800 won and indirect cost was 346,300 won. 5. By analyzing the correlation between the severity of AD and QOL, Objective SCORAD and EASI were positively correlated with QOL(Skindex-29, DLQI) but not significant, meanwhile subjective SCORAD were significantly and positively correlated with QOL(Skindex-29, DLQI). 6. By analyzing the correlation between the severity of AD and economic impact, Objective SCORAD were significantly and positively correlated with direct cost and indirect cost. Also, EASI were significantly and positively correlated with direct cost and oriental medical hospital visits. Conclusions : The above results show that the QOL of the patients with atopic dermatitis is significantly related to their disease severity. Atopic dermatitis patients pay 583,200 won a month, and the economic impact of the patients is significantly related to their disease severity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.52-70
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• 2018

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis(AD) and environmental factors are closely related, but there is lack of oriental medical examination. So we compared the relationship between AD and various environmental factors in Oriental medicine and Western medicine. Methods : We described the relationship between AD and environmental factors through the latest papers and a review of the oriental medicine literature. Results : The regional diversity of AD incidence implies a close relationship between climate factors and AD, and high altitude and low pH springs also have an effect on AD. Air pollutants from industrialization and urbanization aggravate AD. The increase in indoor residence time and the increase in room temperature and humidity have also increased the sensitization to allergens such as house dust mite. In oriental medicine, wind(風) is one of the environmental factors and is an inflammatory state due to external irritation. Wind-Humidity(風濕) refers to erythematous wetting dermatitis with itching and exudation, Wind-Fever(風熱) refers to acute inflammatory reaction with erythematous papules and plague, and Blood-Weakness(血虛) refers to aggravation and chronicization of inflammation due to persistence of skin barrier impairment. Conclusions : We examined the relationship between AD and various environmental factors. We also described the oriental medical viewpoints of the environmental factors in the occurrence of AD and skin barrier impairment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2021

This study was conducted to find a candidate prescription with anti-inflammatory efficacy of 7 herbal prescriptions known to be effective in atopic dermatitis and sleep disorders in Korean medicine. The anti-inflammatory of the 7 herbal prescriptions extracts were evaluated by ELISA assay and Western blot assay. 7 herbal prescriptions, Seongyutang(SU), Danseontoetang(DST), Sotosajahwan(ST), Jisiljagyagsan(JJ), Seokchangpo(SCP), Wiryeongseon(WLS), Gogojohwan(GGJ) 30 % EtoH extract was used for in vitro experiments. In TNF-α + IFN-γ(TI) stimulated HaCaT cells, all 7 herbal prescriptions reduced TARC and MDC production, and JJ strongly reduced TARC and MDC production at 100 ㎍/ml concentration. SCP strongly reduced MDC production at 10 ㎍/ml and 100 ㎍/ml concentration. In addition, in substance P(SP)/CRH stimulated HMC-1 cells, JJ strongly inhibited VEGF production at both 10 and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. In LPS/CRH stimulated Raw264.7 cells, all 7 herbal prescriptions significantly inhibited TNF-α. PMA + Ionomycin(PI)/CRH stimulated EL4 cells, SU significantly reduced IL-4 production at both concentrations of 10 and 100 ㎍/ml. WLS significantly reduced IL-17 production at both concentrations of 10 and 100㎍/ml. This suggests that 7 herbal prescriptions have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes, mast cells and macrophages caused by inflammation. Therefore, it is expected that 7 herbal prescriptions that are effective for sleep disorders and atopic dermatitis can be used as therapeutic materials for sleep disorders and diseases associated with atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.478-483
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• 2019

The use of fermented soy curd as a functional substance has been actively studied due to the anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity of soybean protein hydrolyzate by enzymes of lactic acid bacteria. The present study investigated the potential of soy curd as a treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). Pediococcus inopinatus Y2 (P. inopinatus Y2) lactic acid bacteria were inoculated into soy milk and fermented ($30^{\circ}C$, 24 hr). Changes in body weights, ear thicknesses, IgE concentrations, and weights of immune organs in ICR female mice were quantified. Moderate weight gain occurred in most of the groups. The ear thickness was lowest in the untreated group (no group), and it was allergic and thickened in the phthalic anhydride (PA) treatment group. Based on visual observations, as compared with the skin condition of the PA-induced AD group, the skin condition of the animals in the fermented soy curd (FSC) group was improved. Therefore, FSC by lactic acid bacteria seemed to improve AD. Based on the comparison of the weights of the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, as well as the results of the IgE analysis, soy milk, in addition to FSC, had a therapeutic effect. However, the antiallergy effects of FSC in terms of AD were far superior to those of soy milk. These results indicated that FSC can be used as a treatment for AD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.58-76
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• 2019

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effects of Daecheonglyong-tang(DCL) on atopic dermatitis induced by DNCB in mice Methods : The Nc/Nga mice were divided into 5 groups, and four groups excluding the normal group were applied by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB), to cause AD and were orally administered with distilled water(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and DCL 200 or 400mg/kg once a day for 4 weeks respectively. The visual changes on skin, changes in skin tissue thickness and eosinophil infiltration were observed. IgE, Histamine, Cytokines, immune cells and the amount of gene expression of filaggrin, VEGF, $TGF-{\beta}1$, EGF were measured. Results : Dermatitis score showed a gross improvement on all DCL groups, similar to or better than positive control. All DCL groups showed no significant change in the basophils, while neutrophils and eosinophils decreased. In only DCL 400 mg/kg groups, white blood cells and mononuclear cells were decreased and lymphocytes were increased. In particular, neutrophils had similar or better effects than the positive control. In all DCL groups, IgE, Histamine, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were decreased and IL-2 was increased. In only DCL 400 mg/kg groups, IL-10 decreased and $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased. In particular, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ showed a similar rate of increase and decrease comparing positive control in DCL 400 mg/kg. $TGF-{\beta}$1 was increased in all DCL groups, filaggrin and VEGF were increased in only DCL 400 mg/kg groups. EGF did not make any changes. Epidermis, dermis thickness and eosinophil infiltration were also decreased in all DCL groups. Conclusions : By increasing Th1 cytokine and decreasing Th2 cytokine, DCL extracts appear to be effective in controlling immune response imbalances, anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration and are likely to be available as a treatment for AD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to develop a personal health record(PHR) application of atopic dermatitis in Korean Medicine(KM). Methods : We have identified the items necessary to provide an PHR application that helps to record and manage the symptoms of an atopic dermatitis in KM. We also derived the symptom collection process and method and applied it to the application. Results : In this study, the types of symptoms collected for atopic dermatitis were derived. Symptoms include daily check, stool/urine/sleep, daily emotion, meal management, symptom photographs, SCORAD, quality of life, progress check, original symptom, pediatric health check, weakness check, and subjective symptoms. The recording cycle can be divided into the first, daily, weekly, specific day, and subjective. We developed the PHR application of atopic dermatitis in KM by deriving the type of symptoms and symptom recording process. The app organized menus into dashboards, checklists, daily checks, and health records. Conclusions : We developed a PHR application for atopic dermatitis by deriving symptom collection items of atopic dermatitis and developing symptom collection process and collection technique. The app does not make an accurate diagnosis of atopic dermatitis symptoms, but it helps facilitate symptom collection and helps to identify or predict a person's health condition. It can also be used for medical treatment through sharing symptoms with Korean medicine. Patients are able to communicate in both directions on a daily, weekly, self-aware basis, at the request of a doctor, to record their symptoms and use them for medical purposes. If the doctor asks for a progress check to refer to the next examination, it can be written through the system. This manages atopic dermatitis in daily life and can be used in the clinical field.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of water and fermentation extracts of KMS (Kami-Mihudeongsikjang-tang) on AD (atopic dermatitis). Additionally, by applying the fermentation extracts of KMS at the first sensitization and latency period, I investgated whether it could prevent AD. Methods: In this study, to test the effect and preventive efficacy of KMSs on AD. DNCB-induced BALB/c mice of AD model was used. Through histological observation, epidermis and dermis thickness, the infiltration of eoshiphils and mast cells in epidermis and dermis were examined. We measured the serum level of IgE and IL-6, TNF-alpha, and the expressions of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK protein. In order to examine the effect of KMSs on keratinocyte, HaCaT cells were treated TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma to induce an inflammatory response. The KMSs were applied at various concentration in the experimental group. We investigated TARC expression. Results: The treatment groups were reduced epidermis and dermis thickness, inhibited the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells, reduced the serum level of IL-6. Moreover, sfKMS group reduced serum level of TNF-alpha, inhibited the protein expressions of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and the phosphoryllation of ERK, JNK and p38. Especially sfKMS-pre group were reduced the serum level of IgE, show significant inhibition on the protein expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and the phosphoryllation of ERK, JNK and p38. In the experiment on HaCaT cells, sfKMS group were reduced expression of TARC. Conclusions: These result suggest that wKMS and sfKMS was effective in the treament on AD, and sfKMS would prevent AD.