• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.46-48
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• 2005

이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 다수의 이동 클라이언트들에게 데이터를 전달할 때는 클라이언트들의 동시 데이터 접근을 지원하는 브로드캐스트 기법을 사용하면 무선 채널 대역폭의 협소함과 클라이언트 측의 에너지 제약과 같은 단점을 해결할 수 있다. 기존 기법들은 클라이언트의 데이터에 대한 접근빈도(access frequencies)와 클라이언트의 에너지 효율(energy efficiency)을 동시에 고려하지 않았다. 따라서 원하는 데이터가 올 때까지 계속해서 채널을 들어야 함으로 인해 에너지 소비를 많이 하거나, 데이터를 얻을 때까지 추가한 많은 양의 정보에 따른 지연이 발생하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 클라이언트의 에너지 절약을 위한 tuning time을 최소화하고 실제 데이터를 얻을 때까지 소요되는 access time의 효율을 높이기 위해 데이터의 접근빈도와 에너지 효율을 동시에 고려하는 HIDAF: Hybrid Index considering Data Access Frequencies 기법을 제한한다. 제안하는 기법은 트리기반 기법과 해싱기반 기법을 함께 적용하여 구성한 인덱스를 브로드캐스트 주기에 배치한다. HIDAF 기법은 데이터 접근빈도를 고려한 트리기반 인덱스를 배치함으로써 데이터를 얻기 위한 클라이언트들의 평균 access time을 줄일 수 있고, 이러한 인덱스에 해싱기반 기법을 추가함으로써 클라이언트의 에너지 효율을 최소화하는 새로운 브로드캐스팅 기법이다. HIDAF 기법은 브로드캐스트 추기에 데이터의 접근빈도를 고려한 인덱스를 교차로 추가하여 핫 데이터에 대한 클라이언트들의 access time을 줄임으로써 전체 사용자에 대한 평균 access time을 최소화하는 동시에 클라이언트들의 제한된 에너지 소비를 최소화하는데 목적이 있다. 제안기법에 대한 평가는 수학적 분석을 통해 HIDAF 기법과 기존의 브로드캐스트 기법의 성능을 비교 분석한다.하였으나 사료효율은 증진시켰으며, 후자(사양, 사료)와의 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 거세비육돈에서 1) androgen과 estrogen은 공히 자발적인 사료섭취와 등지방 침적을 억제하고 IGF-I 분비를 증가시키며, 2) 성선스테로이드호르몬의 이 같은 성장에 미치는 효과의 일부는 IGF-I을 통해 매개될 수도 있을을 시사한다. 약 $70 {\~} 90\%$의 phenoxyethanol이 유상에 존재하였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 항균력도 phenoxyethanol이 수상에 많이 존재할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 제형 내 oil tomposition을 변화시킴으로써 phenoxyethanol의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 피부 투과를 감소시켜 보다 피부 자극이 적은 저자극 방부시스템 개발이 가능하리라 보여 진다. 첨가하여 제조한 curd yoghurt는 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 우수한 상품적 가치가 인정되는 새로운 기능성 신제품의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 여자의 경우 0.8이상이 되어서 심혈관계 질환의 위험 범위에 속하는 수준이었다. 삼두근의 두겹 두께는 남녀 각각 $20.2\pm8.58cm,\;22.2\pm4.40mm$으로 남녀간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조사대상자의 식습관 상태는 전체 대상자의 $84.4\%$가 대부분이 하루 세끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 있었으며 식사속도는 허겁지겁 빨리 섭취하는 경우가 남자는 $31.0\%$, 여자는 $21.4\%$로 나타났고 이들을 제외한 나머지 사람들은 보통 속도 혹은 충분한 시간을 가지고 식사를 하였다. 평소 식사량은 조금 적게 혹은 적당하게 섭취하는 사람이 대부분이었으며 남자가 여자보다는 배부르게 먹는 경 향이 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 식사는 혼자 하는 경우가 남자

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 2009

Stable cell preservation is an essential factor in the regenerative medicine for cell therapies and transplantation of biologic materials. In this study, we studied to provide more stable hypothermic preservation by protection of cell damage during the preservation at $4^{\circ}C$. The result of searching for key components that have excellent efficacy in hypothermic preservation of cells, we have identified the fact that the hypothermic preservation adding protein hydrolysates such as yeast hydrolysate is far superior to others. All protein hydrolysates that are derived from animal, plant and microbe sources have superior efficacy, especially the peptides which have molecular weights under 10 kDa have the best efficacy among the components of protein hydrolysate. The protein hydrolysates prevented the decrease of ATP level in the cells caused by hypothermic environment and they inhibited the generation of ROS. Adding antioxidants and control agents of osmotic pressure were showed to have more superior efficacy in hypothermic preservation. Finally, KUL261 solution (DMEM/F12 1 : 1 medium, yeastolate 1%, $\alpha$-tocopherol $100{\mu}M$, dextran 2.5%), the preservation solution developed in this study, showed the best efficacy in both cell viability and cell growth more than other conventional preservation solutions. In conclusion, the improved hypothermic preservation solution that contains the protein hydrolysates as a key component provide the best preservation efficacy. It provides better efficacy than other preservation solutions and will contribute to both the development of regenerative medicine and global commercialization in this therapeutic field.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

The epidermis which is stratified by epithelial tissue renewal based on keratinocyte differentiation protects the organism from various environmental insults by forming a physical barrier. Autophagy is a mechanism which mediates lysosomal delivery and degradation of protein aggregates, damaged organelles and intracellular microorganisms. Recent reports have shown that autophagy has critical roles for proper terminal differentiation to stratum corneum via removing metabolic organelles and nuclei. However, whether increasing autophagy can activate epidermal differentiation is unknown. Here, we screened a library of natural single compounds and discovered that betaine specifically increased the LC3 positive cytosolic punctate vesicles and LC3-I to LC3-II conversion in HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line, indicating increased autophagy flux. mTOR pathway, which negatively regulates autophagy, was not affected by betaine treatment, suggesting betaine-induced autophagy through an mTOR-independent pathway. Betaine-induced autophagy was also observed in primary human keratinocyte and skin equivalent. Furthermore, epidermal thickness was increased in skin equivalent under betaine treatment. Overall, our finding suggests that betaine as a novel regulator of autophagy may induce epidermal turnover and improve the skin barrier abnormality of the aged epidermis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the scalding temperature at slaughtering process on meat quality and storage properties of chicken. The yellowness (b$\^$*/ value) of skin decreased at high scalding temperature (65-67$^{\circ}C$) and WHC (water holding capacity) increased from 67.04％ at low temperature (53-55$^{\circ}C$) to 69.26％ at high temperature. WBS (Warner-Bratzler Shear force) significantly increased from 1.70kg/0.5inch$^2$ to 2.54kg/0.5inch$^2$ as the scalding temperature increased (p＜0.05). TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substance) values were 0.25mgMA/kg at low temperature, 0.24mgMA/kg at middle temperature (59-61$^{\circ}C$) and 0.27mgMA/kg on 3 days of storage. Total aerobic counts (TPC) were 4.99 logCFU/mL at low temperature, 4.88 10gCFU/mL at middle temperature and 4.05 logCFU/mL. Although TPC was decreased as the scalding temperature increased. The detection rate of feather at carcass inspection was low as the scalding temperature increased and the detection rate of large feather (＞lcm) was not significantly different between middle temperature and high temperature. Exposed flesh was severe as the scalding temperature increased. In conclusion, meat color and physical properties of chicken were acceptable when the carcasses were scalded at low temperature, but they were microbiologically susceptible and uneasy to remove the feather. The yellowness (b$\^$*/ value) of skin decreased at high scalding temperature, and total aerobic counts (TPC) were decreased as the scalding temperature increased, and easy to remove the feather.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

This study was carried out to screen herbs among herbal plants showing antimicrobial activity against some food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. One hundred fifteen kinds of herbal plants were extracted by 70% ethanol, and then they have been screened for antimicroorganisms. Six herbal plants such as Salviae radix, Dryopteris rhizoma, Terminaliae fructus, Araliae radix, Psoraleae fructus and Schisandrae fructus showed strong antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial activities were showed in Anemarrhena radix and Dryopteris rhizoma on Candida albicans, and in Anemarrhenae radix, Dryopteris rhizoma and Polygalae radix on Schizosaccharomyces sp. It was revealed that eight herbal plants such as Dryopteris rhizoma, Salviae radix, Sappan ligunum, Sinomeniae radix, Schisandrae fructus, Rhui fructus, Sophorae radix and Inulae radix also showed antimicrobial activities on Streptococcus mutans. In addition, Anemarrhena radix, Curcuma tuber, Inulae radix, Polygonum radix, Sanguisorbae radix, Scutellariae radix and Terminaliae fructus and showed antimicrobial activities on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Four kinds of herbal plants such as Dropteris rhizoma, Salviae radix, Terminaliae fructus and Scutellariae radix which showed broad antimicrobial spectrums were mixed by 1 : 1 ratio with the other herbal paints showing relatively strong microbial activities such as Terminaliae fructus, Sinomeniae radix and Scutellariae radix etc. The extracts of mixed herbal paints showed higher antimicrobial activities than those of single herbal plant.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 2011

The bacterial growth and pH of Pleuropterus cilinervis extracts and animal milk, fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus during the fermentation process, were evaluated. The results indicated that the bacterial count after fermentation always remained higher than 6 log CFU/mL, with a constant pH of approximately 4. In order to evaluate the effects of Pleuropterus cilinervis extracts and animal milk, fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, on hair growth promotion, C57BL/6 mice were chosen as experimental subjects. Six week old males with similar body weights were divided into four groups; a normal group (saline), a negative control group (essence base), a positive control group and an experimental group (Pleuropterus cilinervis extracts and animal milk, fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, mixed with negative control). The substances and test materials were applied topically on the back skin of the mice for 8 days. Other external conditions and variables such as food intake were kept at the same as the four groups. At the end of the experiment it was noted that hair re-growth in the experimental group, using gross and histological examinations, was higher than that in the positive control group. This study therefore provides an empirical evidence that Pleuropterus cilinervis extracts and animal milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus promotes hair growth, and suggests that applications could be found in hair loss treatments.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2008

The effect of genistein on melanin synthesis was studied using in vitro and in vivo model. Genistein inhibited melanin synthesis in cultured melan-a cells dose dependently. Tyrosinase activity was decreased by genistein treatment in melan-a cells, but genistein did not inhibit tyrosinase directly. Genistein did not affect the expression of tyrosinase in melan-a cells. Genistein inhibited the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in virtro and the glycosylation of tyrosinase in melan-a cells. The resulting unsaturated glycosylation of tyrosinase makes it unstable and disturb correct transportation. To further clarify the effect of genistein on the melanogenesis, we established UVB-induced hyperpigmentation on the shaved backs of brown guinea pigs. The animals were exposed to UVB radiation once a week for three consecutive weeks. Genistein (1 and 2%) or vehicle alone as a control were then topically applied to the hyperpigmented areas daily. Genistein showed significant lightening effect on the UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in five weeks. Depigmenting effect was prominent in 2% genistein treatment with Fontana-Masson staining. In conclusion, genistein may be a useful agent for skin whitening.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2002

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD which is commonly called as Bisroot strain is being used for functional foods through the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders, since the live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. The cells of B. polyfermenticus SCD were treated for 4h in artificial gastric juice (pH 2.0,3.0) and bile acid. Final viability of the strain in artificial gastric Juice (pH 2.0, 3.0) is reached to 62.8% and 81.2% respectively B. polyfermenticus SCD is resistant to antibiotics such as streptomycin, rifampicin, nystatin and ampicilin. B. polyfermenticus SCD is well known supplies the nutrients by synthesizing vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, C and K. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces various digestive enzymes and the enzymes enable to completely digest diets in our body. Above all, $\alpha$-amylase and pretense activities are very higher than B. subtilis KCTC 1020, about two fold and twenty five fold respectively. B. polyfermenticus SCD is very stable during long-term storage period in phosphate buffers of wide-range pH, solutions of various concentrations of sodium chloride, 5% glucose solution and water.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2013

In this study, the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic activities of Endlicheria anomala (Nees) Mez methanol extract (EAME) were evaluated by use of in vitro assays and cell culture model systems. The results revealed that EAME scavenges various radicals such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl hydrogen peroxide induced reactive oxygen species, and lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide. Furthermore, EAME induced the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1, thioredoxin reductase 1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1, and their upstream transcription factor, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2. Moreover, EAME inhibited in vitro DOPA oxidation and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Its anti-melanogenic activity will have originated from the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanogenesis related protein expression. Taken together, these results provide the important new insight that E. anomala possesses various biological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic. Therefore, it might be utilized as a promising material in the fields of nutraceuticals and cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2016

Acne is known as the most common skin disease. It commonly occurs during adolescents, but it is also present in children and adults because of air pollution, drug abuse and so on. In addition to the hormonal, genetic and environmental factors, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) have also critical roles in outbreak of acne by inducing inflammatory mediators. Increase of sebum production provides an ideal environment for P. acnes that induce inflammation on the skin by activation of monocytic cells and stimulation of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, natural extracts were investigated for anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory acne by P. acnes infection in terms of reducing cytokine production. Eucalyptus globulus extracts effectively suppressed mRNA synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, and NLRP3 in P. acnes-activated macrophages. Moreover, Eucalyptus globulus extracts inhibit activation of transcription factors, $NF-{\kappa}B$ and NFAT, which are known as key regulators of inflammatory cytokine production. This study suggests the potential of using Eucalyptus globulus extracts as alternative agents for the treatment of acne.