Browse > Article

The Effect of Genistein on Melanin Synthesis and In vivo Whitening  

Yang, Eun-Soon (Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School at KonKuk University)
Hwang, Jae-Sung (Amorepacific Corporation, R&D Center)
Choi, Hyun-Chung (Amorepacific Corporation, R&D Center)
Hong, Ran-Hi (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, ChungAng University)
Kang, Sang-Mo (Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School at KonKuk University)
Publication Information
Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters / v.36, no.1, 2008 , pp. 72-81 More about this Journal
Abstract
The effect of genistein on melanin synthesis was studied using in vitro and in vivo model. Genistein inhibited melanin synthesis in cultured melan-a cells dose dependently. Tyrosinase activity was decreased by genistein treatment in melan-a cells, but genistein did not inhibit tyrosinase directly. Genistein did not affect the expression of tyrosinase in melan-a cells. Genistein inhibited the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in virtro and the glycosylation of tyrosinase in melan-a cells. The resulting unsaturated glycosylation of tyrosinase makes it unstable and disturb correct transportation. To further clarify the effect of genistein on the melanogenesis, we established UVB-induced hyperpigmentation on the shaved backs of brown guinea pigs. The animals were exposed to UVB radiation once a week for three consecutive weeks. Genistein (1 and 2%) or vehicle alone as a control were then topically applied to the hyperpigmented areas daily. Genistein showed significant lightening effect on the UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in five weeks. Depigmenting effect was prominent in 2% genistein treatment with Fontana-Masson staining. In conclusion, genistein may be a useful agent for skin whitening.
Keywords
Genistein; melanin; tyrosinase${\alpha}$-glucosidase; whitening;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 1
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ando, H., A. Ryu, A. Hashimoto, M. Oka, and M. Ichashi. 1998. Linoleic and $\alpha$-linoleic acid lightens ultravioletinduced hyperpigmentation of the skin. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 290: 375-381   DOI
2 Angelov, A., M. Putyrski, and W. Liebl. 2006. Molecular and biochemical characterization of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase and their clustered genes from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Picrophilus torridus. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7123-7131   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Battaini, G., E. Monzani, L. Casella, L. Santagostini, and R. Pagliarin. 2000. Inhibition of the catecholase activity of biomimetic dinuclear copper complexes by kojic acid. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 5: 262-268   DOI
4 Fuller, B. B., J. B. Lunsford, and D. S. Iman. 1987. Alphamelanocyte- stimulating hormone regulation of tyrosinase in Cloudman S-91 mouse melanoma cell cultures. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 4024-4033   PUBMED
5 Kim, D. S., S. Y. Kim, S. J. Moon, J. H. Chung, K. H. Kim, K. H. Cho, and K. C. Park. 2001. Ceramide inhibits cell proliferation trough Akt/PKB inactivation and decreases melanin synthesis in Mel-Ab Cells. Pigment Cell Res. 14: 110-115   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Rauth, S., J. Kichina, and A. 1997. Green. Inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of metastatic melanoma cells in vitro by genistein: chemosensitivity is regulated by cellular p53. Br. J. Cancer 75: 1559-1566   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
7 Wang, Y., L. Ma, Z. Li, Z. Du, Z. Liu, J. Qin, X. Wang, Z. Huang, L. Gu, and A. S. Chen. 2004. Synergetic inhibition of metal ions and genistein on alpha-glucosidase. FEBS Lett. 576: 46-50   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Wei, H., X. Zhang, Y. Wang, and M. Lebwohl. 2002. Inhibition of ultraviolet light-induced oxidative events in the skin and internal organs of hairless mice by isoflavone genistein. Cancer Lett. 185: 21-29   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Yan, C. H., X. G. Chen, Y. Li, and R. Han. 1999. Effects of genistein, a soybean-derived isoflavone, on proliferation and differentiation of B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 1: 285-299   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Choi, H., J. Lee, H. J. Shin, B. G. Lee, I. Chaing, and J. S. Hwang. 2004. Deoxypodophyllotoxinreduces skin pigmentation of brown guinea pigs. Planta. Med. 70: 378-380   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Franchi, J. 2000. Depigmenting effects of calcium D-pantetheine- S-sulfonate on human melanocytes. Pigment Cell Res. 13: 165-171   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Kornfeld, R. and S. Kornfeld. 1985. Assembly of asparaginelinked oligosaccharides. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 54: 631-664   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Petrescu, S. M., A. J. Petrescu, H. N. Titu, R. A. Dwek, and F. M. Platt. 1997. Inhibition of N-glycan processing in B16 melanoma cells results in inactivation of tyrosinase but does not prevent its transport to the melanosome. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 15796-15803   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Wang, Y., L. Ma, C. Pang, M. Huang, Z. Huang, and L. Gu. 2004. Synergetic inhibition of genistein and D-glucose on $\alpha$- glucosidase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 14: 2947-2950   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Winchester, B. and G. W. Fleet. 1992. Amino-sugar glycosidase inhibitors: versatile tools for glycobiologists. Glycobiology 2: 199-210   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Briganti, S., E. Camera, and M. Picardo. 2003. Chemical and Instrumental Approaches to Treat Hyperpigmentation. Pigment Cell Res. 16: 101-110   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Choi, H., S. Ahn, H. Chang, N. S. Cho, K. Joo, B. G. Lee, I. Chang, and J. S. Hwang. 2007. Influence of N-glycan processing disruption on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in HM3KO melanoma cells. Exp. Dermatol. 16: 110-117   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Maeda, K. and M. Fukuda. 1996. Arbutin: mechanism of its depigmenting action in human melanocyte culture. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 276: 765-769   PUBMED
19 Bolognia, J. L., M. S. Murray, and J. M. Pawelek. 1990. Hairless pigmented guinea pigs: a new model for the study of mammalian pigmentation. Pigment Cell Res. 3: 150-156   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Hwang, J. S., H. Shin, H. S. Noh, H. Choi, S. Ahn, D. S. Park, D. H. Kim, B. G. Lee, I. Chang, and H. H. Kang. 2002. The inhibitory effects of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy cinnamate thymol ester(TCTE, Melasolv) on Melanogenesis. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea. 28: 135-149   과학기술학회마을
21 Imokawa, G. and Y. Mishima. 1984. Functional analysis of tyrosinase isozymes of cultured malignant melanoma cells during the recovery period following interrupted melanogenesis induced by glycosylation inhibitors. J. Invest. Dermatol. 83: 196-201   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Petrescu, A. J., T. D. Butters, G. Reinkensmeier, S. Petrescu, F. M. Platt, R. A. Dwek, and M. R. Wormal. 1997. The solution NMR structure of glucosylated N-glycans involved in the early stages of glycoprotein biosynthesis and folding. EMBO J. 16: 4302-4310   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Halaban, R. E., E. Cheng, Y. Zhang, G. Moellmann, D. Hanlon, M. Michalak, V. Setaluri, and D. N. Hebert. 1997. Aberrant retention of tyrosinase in the endoplasmic reticulum mediates accelerated degradation of the enzyme and contributes to the dedifferentiated phenotype of amelanotic melanoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94: 6210-6215
24 Wei, H., R. Bowen, X. Zhang, and M. Lebwohl. 1998. Isoflavone genistein inhibits the initiation and promotion of two-stage skin carcinogenesis in mice. Carcinogenesis. 19: 1509-1514   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Wei, H., X. Zhang, Y. Wang, and M. Lebwohl. 1993. Inhibition of tumor promoter-induced hydrogen peroxide formation in vitro and in vivo by genistein. Nutr. Cancer. 20: 1-12   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
26 Chang, T. S., H. Y. Ding, and H. C. Lin. 2005. Identifying 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone as a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69: 1999-2001   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Goochee, C. F. 1992. Bioprocess factors affecting glycoprotein oligosaccharide structure. Dev. Biol. Stand. 76: 95-104   PUBMED
28 Afaq, F. and H. Mukhtar. 2006. Botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Exp. Dermatol. 15: 678-684   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Branza-Nichita, N., G. Negroiu, A. J. Petrescu, E. F. Garman, F. M. Platt, M. R. Wormald, R. A. Dwek, and S. M. Petrescu. 2000. Mutations at critical N-glycosylation sites reduce tyrosinase activity by altering folding and quality control. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 8169-8175   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Lee, K. H. 2004. Antioxidantive properties of isoflavone, genistein from soybean and its application to whitening cosmetics, M.S. Thesis, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul
31 Branza-Nichita, N., A. J. Petrescu, R. A. Dwek, M. R. Wormald, F. M. Platt, and S. M. Petrescu. 1999. Tyrosinase folding and copper loading in vivo: a crucial role for calnexin and alpha-glucosidase II. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 261: 720-725   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Bennett, D. C., P. J. Cooper, and I. R. Hart. 1987. A line of non-tumorigenic mouse melanocytes, syngeneic with the B16 melanoma and requiring a tumour promoter for growth. Int. J. Cancer 39: 414-418   DOI
33 Lee, D. S. and S. H. Lee. 2001. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. FEBS Lett. 501: 84-86   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Mishima, Y. and G. Imokawa. 1983. Selective aberration and pigment loss in melanosomes of malignant melanoma cells in vitro by glycosilation inhibitors: premelanosomes as glycoprotein. J. Invest. Dermatol. 81: 106-114   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Alaluf, S., A. Heath, N. Carter, D. Atkins, H. Mahalingam, K. Barrett, R. Kolb, and N. Smit. 2001. Variation in melanin content and composition in type V and VI photoexposed and photoprotected human skin: the dominant role of DHI. Pigment Cell Res. 14: 337-347   DOI