• Title/Summary/Keyword: 피복효과

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Effect of New Mattress System with Vegetation Base Materials on the Vegetation Coverage of Stream bank (계안 복원을 위한 매트리스형 식생기반재 돌망태 공법의 계안사면 피복효과)

  • Choi, Hyung Tae;Jeong, Yong-Ho;Park, Jae-Hyeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.101 no.2
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    • pp.175-184
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to develop new mattress systems with vegetation base materials for protecting stream bank and rapid rehabilitation. Vegetation base materials are primarily compounded with fine soil, organic composts and peat moss as plant fibers, a water retainer and a soil improver. Peat moss can usually provide necessary natural fibers and organic materials in soil. Especially, peat moss can absorb up to 25 times its own weight in water and is therefore valued as a water retainer to prevent drying effect of vegetation base materials which can harm the growth of vegetation in mattresses. Normally mattress systems resist the lateral earth pressures or stream power by their own weight. Therefore, filled materials must have suitable weight, compressive strength and durability to resist the loading, as well as the effects of water and weathering. In this project, 100 to 200-mm clean, hard stones were basically specified, and about 50-mm rubbles were also used. Test application of new mattress system carried out in the stream bank of a small stream in the Gwangreung experimental forest, belonging to Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in December 16th, 2006. As a result of the monitoring of vegetation coverage of test application plots (each plot size is 4 by 2 m), the coverage of all plots reached 100% in the end of May, 2007 (approximately 50 days passed after the first gemination of vegetation). The coverage of the plots using big hard stones and organic composts and the plots containing peat moss increased more rapidly. The results show that peat moss is effective to retain soil moisture and establish more sound environment for vegetation gemination.

Economic effect of machine-transplanted rice in no-till Chinese milkvetch cropping systems (무경운 자운영 피복 벼 기계이앙의 경제적 효과)

  • Lee, Young-Han;Shon, Daniel;Heo, Jae-Young;Lee, Seong-Tae;Hong, Kwang-Pyo;Song, Won-Doo;Rho, Chi-Woong;Choe, Zhin-Ryong;Yun, Han-Dae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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    • 2009.12a
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    • pp.282-282
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    • 2009
  • 환경오염에 대한 우려 및 안전농산물에 대한 소비자욕구 증대로 유기농산물 시장규모가 최근 3년간 2.8배 성장 추세이다. 친환경농산물 인증면적은 '00년 2,039 ha에서 '07년 122,882 ha로 급격히 증가하고 있으나 생태적 원리에 부합된 벼 재배기술이 부족하며 특히 무경운 논토양에 대한 경영분석 자료는 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 유기농업기술을 종합적으로 투입한 시범마을을 육성하기 위하여 하동군 양보면 예성마을 1ha를 대상으로 관행농업과 무경운 자운영 피복 벼 기계이앙을 실증하여 경제적인 효과를 검토하였다. 토양 관리를 위해 2007년 9월 10일에 자운영을 3 kg/10a 파종하여 겨울철 토양 생태계를 유지하였고 화학비료나 농약을 사용하지 않았다. 볍씨 소독은 마른 종자를 60 $^{\circ}C$에서 8분간 침지하는 열탕침법을 이용하였으며 논 물담기는 5월 28일경 15 cm 이상 깊게 하여 자운영이 잘 분해되도록 하였다. 기계이앙은 6월 10일경 표면 1 cm 이내의 물 깊이에서 식부장치를 최대한 깊게하고 주수는 주당 5-7주 정도로 실시하였으며 기계이앙 후에는 5일 정도 물을 담지 않고 그대로 두고 그 후 물을 10 cm 이상 깊게 하여 잡초발생을 억제하였다. 중간낙수는 7월 10일경 1회 처리하였고 수확기 낙수는 9월 23일 실시하였다. 무경운 처리구의 이앙전 토양 가밀도는 관행 1.30 g $cm^{-3}$ 비해 0.09 g $cm^{-3}$ 정도 가벼운 것으로 나타났고 공극률은 관행 50.8%에 비해 3.5% 높은 것으로 나타났으며 특히 수분률이 3.5% 높았다. 무경운 자운영 피복 기계이앙 처리구의 잡초발생 건물량은 7월 4일경 피 8.8 g $m^{-2}$, 여뀌 10.8 g $m^{-2}$ 이었으며 9월 18일에는 피 16.0 g $m^{-2}$, 여뀌 12.3 g $m^{-2}$였다. 수확기 관행처리구의 주당 이삭수는 16.7개, 수당립수는 101개, 천립중은 25.4 g, 등숙비율은 82.3%로 수량은 517 kg $10a^{-1}$ 였으며 무경운 자운영 피복 기계이앙은 주당 이삭수가 14.1개, 수당 립수는 103개, 천립중은 26.2 g, 등숙비율은 91.2%로 수량이 456 kg $10a^{-1}$였다. 무경운 자운영피복 벼 기계이앙은 기경작업이나 시비작업 등이 없으므로 노동력이 60% 절감되었으며 농가소득은 5% 증대되었다. 따라서 농업분야 저탄소 녹색성장과 관련하여 자연 생태계를 보전하면서 농가소득을 유지할 수 있는 방법으로 무경운 자운영 피복 벼 기계이앙이 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

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Effect of Cover Crop on Weed Control in No-tilled Organic Soybean Field (콩 무경운 유기재배 시 피복식물의 잡초억제 효과)

  • Cho, Jung-Lai;An, Nan-Hee;Nam, Hong-sik;Lee, Sang-min;Ok, Jung-hun
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.189-195
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to evaluate weed control effect in organic soybean upland field as affected by cover crops including rye, hairyvetch, and its mixture. The experiment was conducted during two years (2015 and 2016) at the NAS (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) organic farming experimental field. The cover crops were seeded after tillage at fall crop season in 2014, and then, the soybean field was managed with no tillage system from 2015. The weed suppression rates of cover crops application for rye and mixture (rye+hairyvetch) treatment during 60 days after transplanting were 80% and 30%, respectively. However, weed suppression rate of hairyvetch treatment was not significantly different as compared to control. Weed flora in experimental field were less than general soybean field. The average organic soybean yield was generally low compare to normal year, nevertheless, the soybean yield for rye and mixture treatment in 2016 were significantly higher than PE mulching treatment.

Attachment of Bacillus subtilis to Al-Fe Bimetallic Oxide-coated Sand : Effect of Oxyanions (알루미늄.철 산화물 동시피복모래에서 Bacillus subtilis의 부착: 산화음이온의 영향)

  • Park, Seong-Jik;Lee, Chang-Gu;Han, Yong-Un;Park, Jeong-Ann;Kim, Song-Bae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.7
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    • pp.515-520
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    • 2009
  • This study investigated the influence of oxyanions (nitrate, carbonate, phosphate) on the attachment of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) to Al-Fe bimetallic oxide-coated sand using column experiments. Results showed that bacterial attachment to the coated sand was independent of nitrate concentration. Bacterial mass recovery remained constant (10.9${\pm}$0.2%) with varying nitrate concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 mM). In case of carbonate, mass recovery increased from 25.6% to 39.0% with increasing carbonate concentration from 0.1 mM to 1 mM, and mass recovery also increased from 50.9% to 78.9% at the same concentration condition in case of phosphate. This phenomenon could be attributed to the hindrance effect of carbonate and phosphate to bacterial attachment to the coated sand. Meanwhile, with increasing carbonate/phosphate concentration from 1 mM to 10 mM, mass recovery decreased from 39.0% to 23.8% and from 78.9% to 52.6%, respectively. This phenomenon could be ascribed to the enhancement effect of free carbonate/phosphate ions present in solution phase due to increasing carbonate/phosphate concentration, which increase ionic strength and thus enhance bacterial attachment to the coated sand. In our experimental conditions, the effect of phosphate to bacterial attachment to the coated sand was the greatest among phosphate, carbonate, and nitrate.

A Study on Changes of Physico-Chemical Properties of Plow Layer Soil and its Response of Tobacco Growth under Poly Ethylene Film Mulching Condition. -1. Effect of Poly Ethylene Film Mulch on Changes of Soil Temperature and Soil Moisture Content in the Rhizosphere (연초피복재배(煙草被覆栽培)에서 작토시(作土尸)의 이화학성변화(理化學性變化)와 연초생장반응(煙草生長反應)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -1. 피복조건(被覆條件)이 근권(根圈)의 토양온도(土壤溫度)와 수분변화(水分變化)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Hong, Soon-Dal;Lee, Yun-Hwan;Kim, Jai-Joung;Cho, Seong-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.20-26
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    • 1985
  • Under the field condition mulched by polyethylene film, changes of the soil moisture content and soil temperature due to the meteorological influence, which have had a great effect upon productivity of upland - field crop, was investigated. The results obtained were as follows; 1. During the early growth stage from the first part of April to the last part of May, soil temperature at 15cm below the mulched surface of ridge (13:00) was about $5^{\circ}C$ higher than that of non-mulched plot. 20 days earlier than normal soil temperature reached up to $20^{\circ}C$ due to the mulching. The increasing of soil temperature resulted from poly ethylene film mulching had a similar tendency for the annual experiment of 3 years (1982-1984). 2. Changes of the soil moisture content in the plow layer during the growing season was remarkably less in the mulched plot than in the non-mulched plot due to suppression of evaporation by polyethylene film. 3. Soil moisture contents of the plots planted with tobacco was lower than those of the non-planted plots owing to the more transpiration induced by growing of the tobacco plant. As the results, it was refered that initial fresh weight of above ground part of tobacco that had an influence upon the consumption of soil moisture by the transpiration rather than evaporation was about 250g per plant. 4. At the appreciable amount of rainfall (for instance; 63.5mm), soil moisture content at middle place between plants in the plow layer of the mulched plot was not increased owing to the infiltration interruption by polyethylene film. 5. By the comparatively small amount of rainfall (e.g. 20mm) after the drought period, leaf water potential of the mulched plot was not increased as much as that of the non-mulched plot owing to the less moisture content of soil resulted from interruption of rainfall.

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Proposal of a New Experimental Method for Evaluating the Stability of Armor Blocks (소파블록의 안정성 평가에 대한 새로운 실험방법 제안)

  • Kim, Shinwoong;Lee, Seong-Dae;Lee, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2021
  • The armor blocks are used to protect the body of the structure and dissipate wave energies, so it is crucial to evaluate the stability of the armor unit. The stability of armor blocks has been mainly evaluated through empirical coefficients called the stability coefficient obtained from hydraulic model experiments. In this study, a new type of single-layered armor block called K-Block was proposed, and a new experimental method based on the pull-out force was proposed to evaluate the stability of the armor unit, including the interlocking effects. The pull-out force test proposed in this study directly measures the force required to separate the armor unit from the armored layer on the slope by applying a tensile force in the vertical and horizontal directions to the installed armor unit. The proposed experimental method confirmed that the interlocking effects of the armor block could be quantitatively evaluated, and the high stability of the K-Block was verified.

The cooling effects of a paddy field area during 2006 summer (2006년 여름철 논에 의한 기온저감효과)

  • Kwon, Sung-Il;Kim, Jin-Soo;Park, Jong-Hwa;Oh, Kwang-Young;Song, Chul-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.628-632
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 2006년 여름철(2006년 7월 15일${\sim}$9월 30일) 동안 서로 다른 토지피복형태(논, 밭, 도시녹지대 및 도시주택지)에서의 기온변화 특성을 비교하여 논에 의한 기온저감 효과를 파악하였다. 혹서기 동안 총 3회(2006년 8월 3일, 11일, 15일)에 걸쳐 논으로부터의 거리에 따라 기온을 실측한 결과, 논으로부터 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 기온이 상승하였으며, 170m 지점에서의 기온은 논 지점보다 14시에는 $2.3^{\circ}C$, 22시에는 $1.8^{\circ}C$, 익일 06시에는 $1.3^{\circ}C$ 높게 나타났다. 혹서기 동안 논, 밭, 녹지대, 주택지에서의 열대야 완화효과를 비교해보면, 논이 열대야를 완화시키는 효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. $25^{\circ}C$이하로 낮아지는 평균시각은 논이 22.36시, 밭이 24.0시, 녹지대가 2.2시, 주택지가 2.3시로 나타났고, 이 시각으로부터의 평균 지속시간은 논이 7.7시간, 밭이 7.3시간, 녹지대가 4.3시간, 주택지가 1.0시간으로 나타났다. 또한 평균 일최저기온은 논이 $23.1^{\circ}C$로서 밭과는 동일하게 나타났으며, 녹지대보다 $0.9^{\circ}C$, 주택지보다 $3.0^{\circ}C$ 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 논과 밭에서의 기온저감효과는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았는데, 이는 기온저감효과가 식생피복상태에 의해 크게 좌우되기때문으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 논과 밭에 의한 기온저감효과의 메커니즘은 파악되지 않았으나, 이는 다양한 논지대 및 밭지대를 대상으로 열수지 특성을 분석함으로써 구명할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.자로서는 제방 마루의 토지이용 및 식생구조, 하도의 식생유형, 하도주변 토지이용, 하안(bank) 형상 및 구조, 수종 및 구조, 하도 및 하안 특징 및 구조 등으로 선정, 검토하였다. 이상의 하천교란과 관계되는 지표를 선정하여 물리적, 생태적 조사 및 교란평가기법(안)을 개발, 제시하였다.EX>)를 보였으며, 그 중 3명에서는 혈역학적으로 큰 의미가 없는 잔여단락이 있었다. 결론: 급성 심근경색증 후 심실중격 결손은 수술위험도가 높은 질환이지만, 수술 전 대동맥내 풍선펌프를 삽입하고 조기에 심실중격 결손부의 infarct exclusion 술식과 함께 관상동맥우회술을 시행함으로써 만족할 만한 수술 및 중기 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.출물 투여로 저하되었으나 NC군보다는 높게 나타났다. 간 중 중성지질 함량은 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여 용량에 따른 유의차가 없었으나, 총콜레스테롤 함량은 고용량 병합투여한 HC-PBH군만 유의하게 저하되었다. 혈청 및 간 중의 지질 함량 변화는 정상식이를 급여한 NC군과 NC-PB군 간에는 유의차가 없었다. 따라서 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여하면서 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 병합투여 시에만 지질대사 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 여겨지며, 고용량 병합투여 시 효능이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 고콜레스테롤식이로 인한 산화적 스트레스가 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유발하였으며, 이는 참나물 에탄올 추출물에 함유된 항산화물질을 포함한 여러 생리활성물질이 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 실험 결과에서 참나물 에탄올 추출물은 고콜레스테롤식이로 증가된 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량은 감소시켰고, HDL-콜레스테롤과 인지질 함량은 증가시킴으로써 지방간 및 동맥경화의 예방과 치료에 효과적일 것으로 판단되어 진다./hr/g$, 섭취 7일중 $8.123\;{\mu}g/hr/

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Effect of Alachlor Herbicide and Transparent Polyethylene Film Mulching on Growth and Yield of Peanuts (Alachlor와 P.E. 피복(被覆)이 땅콩의 생육(生育)과 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lee, S.S.;Kang, K.H.;Back, J.H.;Lee, K.H.;Jung, S.H.;Choi, D.W.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.79-87
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    • 1984
  • Herbicidal effects of alachlor to peanuts were observed under different formulations (granule containing 5.0% a.i. and emulsifiable concentrate containing 43.7% a.i.) and levels (granule with 3 and 6kg/l0a and emulsion with 300㏄/l0a) with the transparent polyethylene (P.E.) film mulching. Formulations and levels of alachlor did not affect emergence ratio, time of emergence and flowering, and early growth of peanuts such as the number of leaves and branches, length of branches; and shoot dry weight at 20 and 40 days after planting, but early growth was enhanced by P.E. film mulching. At harvest, weed dry weight was positively correlated with length of branches, but negatively correlated with the number of branches and shoot dry weight. Acalyphu australis and Chenopodium album were not effectively controlled by the application of alachlor and growth of C. album was retarded under P.E. film mulching. Portulaca oleracea and Digitaria sanguinalis were effectively controlled by alachlor, but they were not affected by P.E. film mulching. At harvest, D. sanguinalis, A. australis, and Echinochloa crus galli were predominant weeds in all treatments; persistence of alachlor may not be long enough to control even sensitive weeds to alachlor such as D, sanguinalis in the field of peanuts of which canopy development was relatively slow. Weed dry weight at harvest was negatively correlated with the number of pods and grain yield of peanuts. Among the yield components only the number of nods per plant was positively correlated with grain yield. Hana weeding after July 1 increased grain yield of Peanuts even in alchlor applied plots.

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Evaluation of Stability and Settlement of In-Situ Capping of Contaminated Sediments Using Zeolites and Sands (제올라이트를 이용한 해저오염토 피복 공법 후 안정성 및 침하 평가)

  • Ji, Subin;Lee, Kicheol;Lee, Jangguen;Kim, Dongwook
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.17 no.11
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    • pp.23-33
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    • 2016
  • This study evaluated the stability and deformation subsea foundation after implementation of the contaminant isolation method by covering the contaminated materials using Zeolite and sands under subsea condition. The appropriate contaminant adsorption materials used in this study was selected as Zeolite based on the existing research results due to its efficiency. Safety (or stability) was evaluated by calculation and to analyze deformation after completing the contaminant isolation method. The minimum safety factors from slope stability analyses results were 30.1 and 11.2 depending on subsea submerged conditions and the amount of the maximum primary consolidation settlement from consolidation analysis results was 209.2 mm. In addition, change of consolidation amount with increasing consolidation time was evaluated based on consolidation degree.

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurement of Covering Materials with Thermal Screens for Greenhouse using the Hot Box Method (핫박스를 이용한 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 조합에 따른 관류열전달계수 측정)

  • Diop, Souleymane;Lee, Jong-Won;Na, Wook-Ho;Lee, Hyun-Woo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 상용되고 있는 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 조합에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 평가하는 것이다. 온실용 일중 및 이중 피복재와 이중 보온재의 조합에 대하여 야간천공복사 차단여부에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 실외에서 측정하였다. 처리조건은 일중피복, 이중피복, 이중피복과 이중 마트보온재 및 이중피복과 이중 다겹보온재의 조합조건과 천공복사 유무에 따른 조건이며 총 8가지이다. 제작된 핫박스는 상시 변화하는 외부의 기상조건하에서도 내부온도를 설정된 온도로 일정하게 잘 유지할 수 있었다. 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달계수를 측정하는 실내용 측정장치는 반드시 야간천공복사를 모의할 수 있는 측정장치가 되어야 할 것이다. 야간복사를 차단함으로서 온실의 열 손실을 줄여 보온효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 피복방식에 대해 야간복사 차단장치 유무에 관계없이 높은 풍속에서의 관류열전달계수가 낮은 풍속에서보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 측정기법을 사용하면 국내에서 생산되는 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달 특성을 정량적으로 비교할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.