• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.77-95
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• 2018

This study introduces the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) and explores the characteristics of CLASS for observing classroom. The CLASS is a standardized observation instrument that was largely developed for use in the USA. The CLASS attempts to provide a conceptual framework for categorizing classroom interactions and consists of three broad domains of quality (emotional supports, classroom organization, instructional supports). We simulated this method to the elementary school classes. The professional-teacher makes the best use of student's initiation behaviors, and the novice teacher focused on the leading the contents of subject. The novice teacher tyr to make more positive climate and to present more frequent feedback to students than professional teacher's classroom. The professional teacher would like to reveal the student's opinions, questions and subtle emotional state. The CLASS can be used to collect data on a wide range of specific aspects of the teaching and learning process at any given time.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2022

This study has explored the facilitating factors affecting the learning persistence of university students and divided Emergency Remote Teaching(ERT) into two types based on its policies. The conclusions are as follows: First, perceived usefulness was the facilitating factor affecting learning persistence in Synchronous ERT. Therefore, learning persistence would improve by establishing various strategies such as exploring appropriate teaching strategies and building a stable infrastructure. Second, it was perceived usefulness, social presence, and system quality that were the facilitating factors affecting learning persistence in Asynchronous ERT. Thus, learning persistence would increase accompanied by immediate feedback, more active interaction, and so on.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.963-977
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to identify college students' conceptions of the earth system cycles as learners of earth science education (ESE) and draw educational implications. An eight-week creative story writing project was held with 62 non-science students taking a general course on earth science. Their creative stories were categorized by analyzing the conceptions and types of cycle with a story mapping technique. The cycle conceptions of earth systems were expressed diversely into 32; most of the cycle types were circular and complex, while the others were branch-shaped and linear types that fail to complete the cycles. College students' conceptions of the earth system cycles is biased toward natural-abiotic systems; less than 30% of them are shown to be aware of all three categories: natural-abiotic, natural-biotic, and human systems. It is essential to diversify the content of education on earth system cycles and help learners develop systematic methods of thinking so that they will be able to recognize the impacts of feedback from human activities through ESE.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the voice onset time (VOT) of plosives in the VCV syllables by the place of articulation and phonation type spoken by children with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) in comparison with children with typical hearing (TH). In all, 15 children with bilateral CIs and 15 children with TH participated in this study, aged between 5 to 10 years. All children produced 9 VCV syllables and their VOT were analyzed by the Praat software. There was no significant difference in mean VOT between children with bilateral CIs and children with TH. However, there was a significant difference in mean VOT by the place of articulation, such that the VOT for velars were longer than those for bilabials and alveolars. Additionally, there was a significant difference in mean VOT by the phonation type, such that the VOT of aspirated consonants were longer than those of lenis and fortis consonants. The results of this study suggest that children with bilateral CIs can distinguish the acoustic properties of plosive consonants and control the speech timing between the structures of the larynx and the oral cavity at a similar level as children with TH.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.139-147
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• 2014

We address the problem of corrective control for two asynchronous sequential machines in parallel connection. Each asynchronous machine receives the same external input and shows independent state transition characteristics. We propose a novel control scheme in which only one corrective controller is employed so as to make the closed-loop system of each machine match the behavior of the corresponding reference model. Compared with the former method utilizing two corrective controllers, our scheme can reduce the controller size and computational load in controller design. We present the existence condition and design procedure for a state-feedback corrective controller under the assumption that the controlled machines are of input/state type. The design procedure for the proposed controller is described in an illustrative example.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.499-505
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• 2006

거울은 인간이 자신의 모습을 들여다 보기 위해 오랜 세월 동안 이용했던 친숙한 도구이다. 디지털 기술의 발달로 우리는 빛과 정보를 함께 반사해 주는 거울에 대한 여러가지 접근들을 보아 왔다. 전통적인 거울은 빛의 즉각적인 반사에 의해 일어나는 자동적인 시각적 피드백 덕분에 특별한 조작이 필요하지 않으나, 빛과 정보가 함께 반사되는 디지털 거울에서는 다른 형태의, 좀더 적극적인 사용자 인터랙션을 기대할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자와 거울간의 거리에 따른 행태 조사를 중심으로 인터랙션 유형의 사례 분류 및 사용자 조사 연구를 정리하였다. 이를 바탕으로 거리에 따라 다른 사용자 요구사항을 충족하는 디지털 거울에 적합한 조작 인터페이스를 제안하고, 초기 모델로 회전식 적외선 격자를 이용한 조작, 비젼 기반의 정면 이미지 획득 및 얼굴 확인, 그리고 적외선 위치확인을 통해 사용자와 인터랙션하는 거울을 설계하였다. 본 연구에서는 거울과의 인터랙션에서 나타나는 사용자의 요구사항을 토대로 여러 비접촉식 거울 인터페이스를 설계하고 시스템에 적용한 사례를 분석한다. 아울러 결과물의 초기모델에 대한 분석을 통해 더 개선된 형태의 '거울을 응용한 시스템'의 설계 가능성을 보일 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.481-490
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• 2004

Today, most education activities in the junior or senior schools are connected with evaluation. In fact, the evaluation to be accomplished is not the practice of college or university entrance examination but the evaluation analysis of studies accomplishment. In this program, students process their teaming contents according to their level, and they evaluate the accomplishment of learning by themselves. Through the various analysis of evaluation, students who are not in the appropriate level get into the learning plan of low level course. This study makes them notice the lack of teaming ability in time and proposes proper evaluation system which offers right feedbacks and various analysis information for themselves.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.3B
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a reliable high-speed UDP-based media transport with an adaptive error control. The proposed adaptive transport scheme controls the amount of redundancy by monitoring the network in order to adapt to network fluctuations efficiently. The feedback of receiver enables the sender to be aware of current reception status (i.e., rate and type of packet loss) and to estimate the expected network status. Based on this, the proposed transport attempts to enable reliable transport by adaptively controlling the amount of both whole sending rate and the ratio for adaptive FEC code. Experiment with high-speed network has been conducted to verify the performance of the proposed system that demonstrates the enhanced reliability of the proposed transport at the speed of up to several hundred Mbps.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1758-1764
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• 2006

컨테이너 터미널 간의 치열한 경쟁, 대형 선박의 출현, 컨테이너 터미널 운영의 자동화 등으로 인해서 세계 각국에서는 많은 컨테이너 터미널들을 건설 중이다. 컨테이너 터미널의 건설에는 아주 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되기 때문에 컨테이너 터미널을 효율적으로 설계하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 컨테이너 터미널의 엔지니어링 프로세스를 지원하기 위해서 개발된 소프트웨어 시스템 TODAY(Terminal Optimization, Design, and Analysis sYstem)에 대해 다루고자 한다. 먼저 설계 프로세스를 제안하였다. 설계 프로세스는 데이터 입력, 능력 소요 계산, 대안 설계, 대안 평가, 결과 출력으로 구성된다. 대안을 신속히 설계하고 평가하기 위해서 컨테이너 터미널 전용 라이브러리가 개발되었다. 라이브러리는 Wharf, Yard, TravellingArea, Gate로 구성된다. 라이브러리의 구조는 객체 지향적으로 설계하여 확장성과 재사용성을 가지게 하였다. 시스템은 사용자에게 친숙한 인터페이스와 CAD 환경을 제공하여, 다양한 유형의 컨테이너 터미널 모형들이 데이터 입력과 라이브러리 구성요소의 조합에 의해 구성될 수 있도록 지원한다. 생성된 대안 모형들은 시뮬레이션과 경제성 모형에 의해 평가된다. 시스템은 생성된 모형을 시뮬레이션 모형으로 자동 변환하는 기능을 제공한다. 피드백 과정을 거쳐서 최종적으로 사용자의 요구사항을 만족시키는 대안이 제시된다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.517-522
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• 2019

In many businesses, chatbots enhance the user experience by providing the most immediate and direct feedback to user questions. The area of use of chatbots is growing. In this study, the three types of chatbot definition, command method, function, and platform are classified according to their distinct factors. In the process, the functional delimiter element is necessary for the Chatbot UX, which is a key technical element of the functional part of pattern recognition, natural language processing, semantic web, text mining, and context-aware computing. However, the limitations at this stage were also known. Based on this, we analyzed the chatbot's UX elements for Facebook, Skype, Telegram, and Google Assistant for a better user experience. Basic UI elements such as cards, quick response, command, and application of persistent menus are needed as user experience elements.