• Title/Summary/Keyword: 피난특성

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Numerical Predictions of Fire Characteristics of Passenger Train Fire in an Underground Subway Tunnel, Depending on Change of Location of Ventilation Facility (지하철 터널내의 객차 화재발생시 환기실 위치변화에 따른 화재특성의 수치적 연구)

  • Son, Bong-Sei;Chang, Hee-Chul
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2008
  • The study is to perform numerical analysis of train fire characteristics in an underground subway tunnel, depending the different locations of ventilation facility. To study the characteristics of train fire, two kinds of worst-case scenarios are selected, based on escape distance, escape time, and fire zone, and trends and thermal environments of tunnel are analyzed by changing the locations of ventilation facility for times. Fire characteristics is calculated by using FLUENT v.6.3.26, and turbulent flow is calculated by using the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model. The numerical results show distribution of carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, and velocity. The results of this study will contribute to building the most suitable ventilation systems when designing subway stations and tunnels.

Empirical Application for the Urban Disaster Risk Assessment : Fire, Facility and Escape Cases in Cheongju City (도시 재해위험도 평가 모형 연구 - 화재, 시설, 피난위험도 중심의 청주시 사례 -)

  • Hwang, Hee-Yun;Baek, Ki-Young;Park, Byung-Ho;Lee, Man-Hyung;Hwang, Jae-Hoon;Ryu, Eul-Leal;Kim, Tae-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.1 no.2 s.2
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    • pp.123-137
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    • 2001
  • Based on basic characteristics of urban disasters and their data availabilities in Korea, this study provides risk assessment models which are derived from Cheongju examples. In specific, the application models are confined to fire, facility and escape risk survey results in the paper. For the assessment criteria, major independent variables for the categories of fire include both the frequency levels and the amount of damage. And the degree of facility risk assessment is heavily hinged on both the weighted values of key facilities and their weighted rank-sizes. In the same context, the degree of escape risk assessment is hinged on both the weighted values and the amount of the classification of land. From the empirical configuration, this paper presents that the potential figure of fire risk is relatively higher in the built-up areas within the existing Central Business District where accommodates a number of dilapidated housing units and community-supportive facilities. In contrast, the potential figure of facility and escape risk is higher in both old residential areas and the newly-built apartment complex. In short, the CBD and its neighboring residential areas record a high potential figure in terms of total risk, juxtaposing fire, facility and escape risk all together.

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Numerical analysis on effect of hole size on Emergency Evacuation Support System (수치해석을 통한 비상피난지원 시스템의 급기구 크기에 따른 유동분석)

  • Kim, Ji Tae;Park, Won Hee;Lee, Duck Hee;Ro, Kyoung-Chul
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.324-329
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    • 2020
  • The emergency evacuation support system provides a safe means of evacuation by preventing the inflow of smoke through the formation of a smoke shield curtain in fire situations and pressurizing fresh air to the inside of the smoke shield curtain. In this study, numerical analysis was performed to examine the effects of the hole size on the flow inside the smoke curtain. As the air supply size decreased, the flow rate through the air supply was formed relatively uniformly from the inlet to the outlet length of the emergency support system. In addition, the size of the air supply hole was more than 20 mm, the flow rate was very low near the outlet, so the air supply hole size should be smaller than 20 mm. In addition, the minor loss of the air supply hole was calculated to be K = 1.5 from the numerical results. Therefore, the proper design of an emergency evacuation support system is possible using the flow characteristics according to the size and minor loss of the air supply hole.

An Analysis of the Appropriate Number of People Per Apartment Household According to NFPA 101 (NFPA 101에 의한 아파트 한 세대당 적정 수용인원 분석)

  • Cho, Ji-Eun;Kong, Ha-Sung
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.331-337
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    • 2020
  • The study analyzes the appropriate number of people per a household by applying an evacuation simulation to a 27-floor apartment in accordance with the NFPA 101 standard. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, if there are three people residing in each household, there would be 156 households in total, of which 85.25% were evacuated within 5 minutes. Second, 208 households with 4 residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Third, if there are five people residing in each household, there would be a total of 260 households and 71.92% of residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Lastly, 62.82% of the 312 households, each consisting of 6 people, were evacuated within 5 minutes. Measures to reduce evacuation time include determining the width of the stairs according to the number of people indoors, the number of floors in the building, the slope of stairs, and the users' characteristics, the design reflecting the ventilation conditions of the stairs, the installment of outdoor evacuation stairs, two-way stairs, evacuation lift, and the installation of an evacuation safety zone for people to evacuate outside of the building in the middle floors. In addition, measures, such as the mandatory installation of automatic emergency door open-close device to the rooftop, are required to facilitate rooftop evacuation.

A Study on the Smoke Removal Equipment in Plant Facilities Using Simulation (시뮬레이션을 이용한 플랜트 시설물 제연설비에 관한 연구)

  • Doo Chan Choi;Min Hyeok Yang;MIn Hyeok Ko;Su Min Oh
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.40-46
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: In this study, in order to ensure the evacuation safety of plant facilities, we analyze the relationship between the height of smoke removal boundary walls, the presence or absence of smoke removal equipment, and evacuation safety. Method: Using fire and evacuation simulations, evacuation safety was analyzed through changes in the height of the smoke removal boundary wall, air supply volume and exhaust volume according to vertical dista. Result: In the case of visible drawings, if only 0.6m of boundary wall is used, the time below 5m reaches the shortest, and 1.2m of boundary width is 20% longer than when using smoke removal facilities. In the case of temperature, 1.2m is 20% longer than 0.6m when only the boundary width is used without smoke removal facilities. Conclusion: It was found that increasing the length of the smoke removal boundary wall could affect visibility, and installing a smoke removal facility would affect temperature. Therefore, it is determined that an appropriate smoke removal plan and smoke removal equipment should be installed in consideration of the process characteristics.

A Study on the Evacuation Characteristics Junction Indication Method of Disaster Information Map (재해정보지도의 교차경로 표시방법에 따른 피난특성에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Ji-Eun;Hong, Won-Hwa
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.46-51
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the evacuation route in a disaster information map to evacuate people to a shelter quickly and precisely during a disaster situation. For this purpose, this study examined the current status of domestic and international disaster information maps and related laws and conducted experiments to derive effective types of intersecting routes. The problems of the disaster information map were obtained through the first preliminary experiment and a survey. Based on these problems, experiments for each type were conducted to provide effective indication information for a disaster information map. To investigate the gait characteristics according to the number of crossing paths, the reduction rate in the crossing path was derived for each type by comparing the previous speed and passing speed. This will enable suggestions to judge the route quickly and accurately when determining the intersecting route in the search for an evacuation route. In conclusion, the experiment of this paper aims to make rapid and accurate evacuations using the disaster information map in response to disasters, and provide guidelines to citizens to contribute to a reduction of casualties.

A Study of Diplexer filter for separating signals (지능형 유도시스템의 경로선택에 관한 연구)

  • Fang, Chun-Ri;Lee, Sang-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.326-328
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 지능형 유도시스템의 한계점에 대해 분석을 진행하였고 보완방법을 제안하였다. 지능형 유도시스템의 화재시 안전하고 효과적인 피난경로를 선택하는 방법에서 기존에는 비상출입구까지의 최단거리를 선택하였으나 본 연구에서는 경로의 특성을 고려하여 효용함수를 산출하여 경로를 선택하는 방법을 제안하였다.

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A Study on Disaster Prevention Improved Performance by Utilizing Directional Speakers (지향성스피커를 활용한 방재성능 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Shinwook;Jeon, Gaehyun;Kim, Teahwan
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.235-241
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    • 2016
  • Recently our country was entering a high-tech society with social and economic development. However, the individual's ability to respond to disasters is lowered by the increase in complexity society. Accurate situation assessment and disaster response by a margin of personal information that can identify when a disaster has been difficult. Until now, by leveraging Standard speaker was the emergency alert broadcast. However, it was difficult to have regular speakers reverberation, a distinct attenuation of sound by listening to the sound, etc. due to the reflection of sound. By using a directional speaker that is characteristic of the sound attenuation of sound is straight to solve this problem and obtain feedback on measures that can effectively provide the oocytes to a valid information on a disaster situation and the evacuation.

Smoke Exhaust Performance Prediction According to Air Supply and Exhaust Conditions for Shipboard Fires from a Human Safety Point of View (인명안전 관점에서 선박 화재 시 급·배기조건에 따른 배연성능 예측평가)

  • Kim, Byeol;Hwang, Kwang-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.22 no.7
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    • pp.782-790
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    • 2016
  • When a fire occurs on a ship that has mechanical ventilation facilities, the air supply and exhaust systems directly effect smoke diffusion. And there is a high possibility that occupant's visibility will be harmed because of smoke. In this study, the effects and risks of air supply and exhaust systems with regard to smoke diffusion given a shipboard fire analyzed with a Fire Dynamic Simulator(FDS). Suggested measures are also provided for using air supply and exhaust systems more efficiently. The results showed that, when air supply and exhaust systems were both working at the time of a fire, rather than stopping these systems as previously encouraged, continuing to operate both was an effective measure to gain evacuation time. When a fire occurred and the exhaust system was operating, also starting the air supply system near the origin of the fire was another effective approach to gain evacuation time. However, when only the air supply system was operating and a fire occurred, the air supply system accelerated smoke diffusion, so it was necessary to stop the air supply system to detect smoke diffusion as much as possible.