• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2017

As the industry develops, the size of buildings and ships are getting bigger and more complicated. In such a complex space, emergency evacuation systems are required because of the possibility of casualties when an accident situation occurs. However, because present systems are composed of basic devices, such as alarms, emergency exit signs, and announcement regarding the situation and inform only the least information to evacuees, evacuees are not able to judge objectively. To solve these problems, various evacuation algorithms have been proposed. However, these studies aim to search evacuation routes based on specific risk factors or to model the effects of bottlenecks in evacuation situations. Therefore, there is a limit to apply to real systems. Therefore, we propose algorithms to search the optimal evacuation route considering various risk factors such as fire and bottleneck in evacuation situations and to be applicable in actual situation in this paper. Performance evaluation using computer simulations showed that the proposed scheme is effective.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

The PSD (Platform Screen Door System) has been installed to enhance the passengers' safety. A total of 592 stations operate the PSD system, which is almost 71.8% of all stations in South Korea. This study compared the opening rate between the PSD and train door, and calculated the exact amount of passengers at peak time. In addition, the evacuation time was simulated by Pathfinder 2015 with the exact input data. Some of the high density stations have extremely high dangerous points about the passengers' evacuation at some situations by the PSD door opening rate. In particular, due to the interference of a fixed door, when it stops at 7 m less than the regular position, its opening rate becomes less than half of the normal state. To solve this problem, it should be made possible to open the fixed door by changing it to an emergency door or improving the PSD module system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.36-45
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• 2016

Integral fire shutters are installed indiscriminately, regardless of evacuation. There is always the risk of an accident because integral shutters are applied mainly to corridors, passages, and stairs of schools This study evaluated the problem of integral shutter's entrance, evacuation, construction management, and maintenance control through a fire shutter accident case, including present condition of fire shutter installed at school of Okgil, Bucheon and Dongtan, Hwaseong. The results suggest that emergency lighting or signs for passage be set up to check location of entrance easily and install obstruction sensors at fire shutter to reduce life damage. In addition, the number of efficiency tests of fire shutters should be increased by running a trial test monthly or weekly to maintain the performance of fire shutter. Schools need to install a fire shutter- applied sprinkler at the entire floor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2009

Until now, Korea carried out disaster management under the perception that the central government or the local government bodies are totally responsible. However as the size of disasters become larger, the capacity of the public disaster management did not live up to the expectations. To analyze this issue, this research conducted interviews on disaster response readiness by "individual resident-residents cooperation-public/private collaboration" according to each preparedness-response-recovery stage, as resident representatives (Head of Ri, Head of Tong) as subjects. Based on the interviews, surveys were conducted to deduct the necessary factors needed for the general residents to exhibit disaster prevention capabilities. The surveys consist of 6 factors-risk perception, evacuation inductively, individual evacuation response, disaster prevention system, lookout & precaution, information communication.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.142-143
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• 2011

As mentioned above, various safety measures are considered and discussed as hijacking of Korean vessels by pirates is increasing. Thus, the standard for ship's facilities has been partially revised and setting up an evacuation shelter on all vessels sailing dangerous zone has been reinforced. This research aims to discuss crew Citadel set up that has to sail long haul. In addition, measures against potential gas flow have to be taken due to recent pirate armed and portable rocket attacks. There is also a possibility of fire outbreak within the vessel due to its nature. Thus, this research assesses the relevant number of crew Citadel theoretically. It will also make a model by estimating the relevant number of shelters in the event of fire outbreak and implement simulation using FDS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.400-412
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• 2017

What is particularly noteworthy from Korean and foreign railway tunnel disaster prevention standards is that for the sake of rapid evacuation, more stringent standards for provision of evacuation passages, which require high cost, are being applied. Korean standards stipulate that passage installation should be determined in accordance with the level of risk through a QRA analysis of each tunnel with 1km or longer length. As, however, detailed application criteria as fire occurrence probability, fire occurrence scenario, size of fires and evaluation criteria for level of social risk are not available, additional costs may be incurred due to excessive design. Thus, standards of an appropriate level need to be established. With this backdrop, this study selects detailed application conditions of a reasonable and appropriate level through a study and analysis of relevant documents and analyzes the maximum length of tunnels to which the application of evacuation passages, or the application major evacuation promotion facilities, can be relaxed, together with a QRA analysis of model tunnels (for high speed rail) with different tunnel lengths. In addition, the QRA results on tunnels, including those on the Honam high-speed rail, and analysis results for the model tunnels, are compiled, ; the ultimate results are compared with Korean and other countries' standards related to evacuation promotion facilities, As a result, The appropriateness of application standards are reviewed. These results are expected to be utilized as basic material for establishing a reasonable disaster prevention plan that will consider safety and economies.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.73-78
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• 2016

The Installation, Maintence, and Safety Control of Fire-fighting Systems Act of South Korea regulates that over 30-storey high-rise buildings including underground spaces should vitally perform the Performance-based Design to minimize property damage and personal injury as a fire risk assessment in advance. Therefore a PBD designer such as a fire safety professional engineer evaluate occupant's life safety by a scientific methodology. In order to evaluate the life safety, fire safety designers calculate the Required Safety Egress Time (RSET) which does not have the legal criteria regarding the standard method of calculation yet. So this way has been showing different results depending upon the designer's choice, knowledges and experiences. In this study, RSET calculation methods by six designers respectively were analysed from the thirteen reports of real performance based design projects conducted in Busan for a last five years. In particular, the Response Time calculation methods which have the most powerful effect for figuring the RSET are compared with the other designer's to deduce an error value.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

In this study, Fire Hazards were evaluated through computer simulation using FDS program for an apartment fire accident. The results of fire simulation showed that the maximum heat release rate in the case of no sprinklers activation was 7,700 kW which was about 16 times of that in the case of sprinklers activation, 497 kW and there was a very high fire hazard due to the backdraft phenomenon when the door of fire room was forced to open. Regarding the hazard time of fire room temperature and detection time of detectors, available evacuation time was 32.5 seconds of minimum to 53.5 seconds of maximum. In the case of sprinklers activation, fire hazard in the apartment was showed to be very low due to the fire control by the spray cooling of sprinklers. This study shows that what a important function for fire safety is the activations of fire sprinkler system and emergency alarm system and what a large loss can cause if these systems don’t activate in fire accidents.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.100-107
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• 2016

Today, high-rise buildings expected to meet various needs and improve the quality of frequency of fire and the potential risks are increasing. In particular, the fire spread risk in the vertical direction is increasing. As a result there is a problem with delays in the evacuation time of occupants. To overcome this problem, there is a need to consider the structure of the building and develop a system for the early detection of fire by applying a fire alarm system according to the risk ranking. Therefore, this paper describes the vertical fire spread characteristics of a multistory double-skin and stairs structure with risk. The data were compared with that from the national and international fire alarms as well as with. smoke density, smoke detectors, visibility, and CO concentration using FDS. A fire alarm system for each structure is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.816-816
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• 2012

최근 우리나라는 기후변화와 이상기후 현상 등의 영향으로 홍수에 대한 위험이 커지고 있다. 홍수에 의해 발생하는 인명 및 재산피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 구조적 및 비구조적 대책 등을 통한 치수정책 수립이 필요하며, 대표적인 비구조적 대책으로는 홍수위험지도(flood hazard map) 제작 등이 있다. 홍수위험지도는 홍수시 침수범위, 침수심 등의 정보를 지도상에 표시하고 있으므로 홍수피해가 발생가능한 공간적 범위를 나타내는 것이다. 홍수위험지도는 침수정보 뿐만 아니라 대피로, 대피처 등 홍수시 피난정보도 함께 나타낼 수 있으므로 홍수발생시 인명 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 활용될 수 있다. 또한 홍수피해 예상범위를 미리 추정할 수 있으므로 피해가능 지역의 특성을 고려하여 구조적 치수계획 수립의 적절한 기준을 제시할 수 있다. 즉, 침수 가능지구 내의 사회적, 경제적, 문화적 중요도를 평가함으로써 지역 특성을 고려한 선택적 홍수방어에 활용될 수 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 중요도 중 홍수피해 예상인구에 대한 현실적인 계산 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 홍수가 발생하여 침수가 예상되는 지역에서 사람이 실제 거주하는 면적을 고려하는 방법은 토지등기부의 지목을 활용하는 것이다. 토지지목은 토지의 종류를 사용목적에 따라 구분한 명칭이며,"측량, 수로조사 및 지적에 관한 법률" 제67조에서 전 답 과수원 목장용지 임야 광천지 염전 대(垈) 공장용지 학교용지 주차장 주유소용지 창고용지 도로 철도용지 제방(堤防) 하천 구거(溝渠) 유지(溜池) 양어장 수도용지 공원 체육용지 유원지 종교용지 사적지 묘지 잡종지 등 28가지 항목으로 구분된다. 여기서 대(垈) 지목은 영구적 건축물 중 주거 사무실 등의 부지를 의미하므로 상주인구가 거주하는 지역으로 가정할 수 있다. 침수가 예상되는 지역에서 대(垈) 지목의 면적을 고려하여 계산된 인구수와 단순 면적비로 계산된 인구수를 비교한 결과, 도시화의 비율이 높은 지역일수록 단순 면적비에 비해 인구수가 높게 계산되었고, 농경지 및 산지가 발달된 지역일수록 단순 면적비에 비해 인구수가 낮게 계산되었다. 따라서 침수가 예상되는 지역의 인구수를 예측할 경우 토지지목 중 대(垈) 지목의 면적을 고려하여 계산하는 것이 보다 합리적인 홍수피해 예상인구를 계산하는 방법으로 판단된다.