• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2012

This study evaluates the fire resisting capacity of the beam of the legal fire resistance construction, which establishes the Article 3 of the Regulations on Escape and Fire Resistance of Buildings. There are a total of five structures that we consider as legal fire resistance constructions, however, this study has a primary target of the reinforced concrete beam, and tests the fire-resistant performance depend on the covering depth of reinforce concrete. The results showed that it meets the three hours, the maximum statutory fire resistance time, if it was a load ratio of 0.5 and covering depth of 40 cm. Steel framed mortar beam is legal fire resistance structure that it was possessed three hours fire resistance performance, if it was a load ratio of 0.4 and covering depth of 60 mm.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Housing Performance Indication for fire resistance and fire safety performance safelight about the evacuation of Korea and Japan on how to express Survey was conducted. Research results show how considering the fire safety performance required according to the improvement and The current introduction methods are difficult to understand the performance of housing. Also Survey of Japan and South Korea show the preferred method of comparison is a difference.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2012

Recently, evacuation safety of building resident become the major concern, as the building has been higher and more complicated. Required evacuation time using stairway is longer in high-rise buildings, moreover it is impossible for the disabled to evacuate by using stairway. For this reason the study on the effectiveness of using elevator for evacuation is progressing. This study shows the flow coefficient of hoistway when elevator is moving. The results of this study can be used for the study of elevator piston effect as basic data. Experiments were performed in 5 different hoistways at 3-story and 2-story buildings. According to the result of flow coefficient experiments, average flow coefficient is 0.954. Considering the $4{\sigma}$ to guarantee 99.99 % reliance, it is 0.86. This result is 3.6 % bigger than 0.83 that Klote and Tamura suggested. It represents that the maximum critical pressure is decreased about 7 % on the same condition of elevator and elevator shaft. When the smoke control performance of high-rise building is evaluated, the result is significant economically by applying a more realistic and less value of elevator piston effect.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

This paper tried to verify whether the fixed fire fighting system (FFFS) that is installed in road tunnel improves evacuation performance or not. Verification was performed according to the Disaster Prevention Facilities Installation and Management Guide at Road Tunnel. Twenty seven different fire scenarios were set up for the verification and the cases that FFFS was installed were compared with the cases that FFFS was not installed. The result of the comparison showed that the average equivalent death was reduced in 26 cases out of 27 cases when water spray extinguishing system was installed. It was confirmed that the risk when was not installed was unacceptable in Hong Kong and the Netherlands. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the risk was reduced to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) when was installed. The cumulative frequency of average death in case with FFFS was compared against the frequency of death without FFFS: death of one or more is about 50 times less; 10 or more is about 100 times less; and the death of more than 100 is four times less. It was verified that FFFS makes improved conditions to escape from the fires in road tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.511-519
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• 2007

This study provides comprehensive design improvements covering technical issues concerning life safety matter In case of fire train stoppage in the middle of a tunnel. Recently Government announced that most of subway platforms will have screen doors in 3 years. Therefore, many fire safety engineers considered that they may contribute on life safety on train stoppage in tunnel. Especially The screen door can protect platform from smoke along tunnel ceiling when fire train stopped in tunnel. The study showed that platform ventilation ducts and the a tunnel ventilation chimney in the middle of tunnel in exiting subway tunnel could not guarantee life safety ability in terms of RSET vs. ASET comparison. Furthermore during evacuation process many peoples may be threatened from the smoke spread from the origin of fire. Although only additional vertical route can be installed in tunnels In order to decrease RSET, it will costs high or no spaces remains in outside on the road. The study suggested that increase of ASET can be best solution without additional escape route, therefore alternative design methods suggested on the base of simulation results. Finally the study shows alternative methods can give good result in terms of evacuation performance evaluation. The evacuation performance evaluation helps the decision-maker to determine the preferred alternatives or upgrades to existing tunnel infrastructure and other measure to meet safety objectives. Finally, the study details the effectiveness of measures the can be taken to reduce the risk of incidents in subway tunnels.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2024

Purpose: In this study, in order to ensure the evacuation safety of plant facilities, we analyze the relationship between the height of smoke removal boundary walls, the presence or absence of smoke removal equipment, and evacuation safety. Method: Using fire and evacuation simulations, evacuation safety was analyzed through changes in the height of the smoke removal boundary wall, air supply volume and exhaust volume according to vertical dista. Result: In the case of visible drawings, if only 0.6m of boundary wall is used, the time below 5m reaches the shortest, and 1.2m of boundary width is 20% longer than when using smoke removal facilities. In the case of temperature, 1.2m is 20% longer than 0.6m when only the boundary width is used without smoke removal facilities. Conclusion: It was found that increasing the length of the smoke removal boundary wall could affect visibility, and installing a smoke removal facility would affect temperature. Therefore, it is determined that an appropriate smoke removal plan and smoke removal equipment should be installed in consideration of the process characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.388-392
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• 2011

화재 발생 시 연소확대 방지 및 이를 지연시켜 재실자의 피난시간을 확보하고자 실시하는 방염처리의 성능평가는 연소시험방법을 통해 잔염시간, 잔신시간, 탄화면적, 탄화길이가 일정기준에 적합하여야만 방염성능을 부여받게 되며 목재나 MDF와 같은 합판은 방염도료나 방염필름을 부착하여 사용하는 현장방염처리방법이 사용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시중에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 비방염 접착필름, 방염 필름, 방염 도료 등을 MDF 합판에 적용하여 방염처리 하였을 때의 연소특성 및 방염성능을 측정하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.90-95
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• 2010

방화댐퍼는 방화구획을 관통하는 덕트에 설치되어 화염의 전파 및 연소확대를 방지하도록 하는 방화설비로서 '건축물의 피난 방화구조 등의 기준에 관한 규칙'에서 구조 및 시험기준에 대해서 규정하고 있으나, 정해진 성능기준이 없으며 방화설비에 있어 가장 중요한 내화성능에 대해서 언급이 없는 등 개정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 방화댐퍼의 'KS F2840(방화댐퍼의 내화시험방법)'시험에 대해서 소개하고, 방화댐퍼의 내화시험 사례를 통해 성능 평가방법으로서의 적용 타당성을 검토하였다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2011

중위도 이북의 건물에서 고층건물의 혹한기 연돌효과는 건물의 여러 가지 기능에 큰 영향을 미치며, 승강기 승강로는 화재시 차압 때문에 연기의 주된 전파통로가 된다. 외피의 밀폐성능을 높여 건물 내부의 연도효과를 줄일 수 있으나, 외피의 밀폐기능은 비상시 피난을 위해 피난경로를 개방하는 순간 일시에 무력화된다. 또한 건물 외피의 밀폐성능이 우수할수록 연돌효과 그 자체로써 건물외피에 미치는 구조적 영향이 커진다. 고층부의 연돌효과는 외피를 밖으로 밀어내는 작용이므로 풍하측에서는 마이너스 풍압에 더하여 건물 외피에 부담을 증가시킨다. 그러므로 고층건물에 발생하는 혹한기 연돌효과의 영향을 정리하자면 다음과 같다. ${\bullet}$ 건물 외벽 및 창문에 미치는 구조적 영향 ${\bullet}$ 제연 시스템의 기능 저해 ${\bullet}$ 승강기 문 개폐 장애와 소음 등 설비 기능의 부정적 영향 ${\bullet}$ 공조기능 장애 ${\bullet}$ 화재시 승강기 승강로 등 수직 샤프트를 통한 연기 전파 혹한기 건물 안팎의 온도차가 40K일 때 높이 600m인 초고층 건물 최상층에 발생하는 연돌효과에 의한 차압은 풍속으로 환산할 때 32m/s에 달한다. 그러므로 초고층 건물 설계시에는 최상층의 풍하측에 설계상의 예상 최대풍속에다 이러한 환산풍속을 더한 고속 풍력이 창문을 밖으로 밀어내는 것으로 보아야 한다. 또한 공조 및 환기시스템에서는 이러한 차압을 고려하지 않으면 고층부에서 환기 성능이 무력화될 수 있다. 다음과 같은 방법들을 이용하여 고층건물의 연돌효과를 효과적으로 줄일 수 있다. 1) 계단실의 연돌효과 저감 방법 계단실에 발생하는 연돌효과에 의한 차압은 계단실에 상승기류를 발생시킨다. 이러한 차압과 상승기류는 계단실 상하부를 개방하면 자연적으로 평형을 이루게 되므로 별도의 제어가 필요 없게 된다. 또한 화재감지기와 연동하여 상하부 외벽의 개구부를 열어두게 되면 피난상황에 따라 문이 여닫힘으로써 발생하는 압력상태의 변화를 고려할 필요가 없게 된다. 2) 승강기 승강로의 연돌효과 승강로의 상하부에 대규모 개구를 두면 대규모의 외기가 도입되어 상승 유동 후 배출되므로 승강로 내부 온도 저하로 연돌효과가 저감되고, 승강로로 유입된 연기는 대규모의 외기에 희석되어 농도가 낮아지고 대부분 외부로 배출된다. 3) 샤프트 복합효과를 이용하는 방법 거실 평면적에 비해 승강기나 계단이 아주 많고 누설틈새 등 개구의 면적 합계가 크면 샤프트들이 서로 복합효과를 이루어 연돌효과에 의한 차압이 줄어든다. 연돌효과 제어용 샤프트를 하나 더 보조적으로 설치함으로써, 보조샤프트에 의해 발생하는 차압으로 거실을 가압 혹은 감압하여 문제가 되는 차압을 어느 정도 상쇄할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2018

Recently, there have been a lot of casualties due to fires in high-rise buildings. The toxic gases and smokes generated by fires in high-rise buildings spread rapidly through the elevator shaft and stairwell, due to the stack effect, and can cause critical casualties. To reduce the number of casualties, smoke control systems have been introduced. Smoke control systems play an essential role in preventing the spread of smoke in high-rise buildings and securing the evacuation route. Also, in high-rise buildings, evacuation by an elevator is considered to be indispensable. However, the pressure field in the shaft is strongly disturbed when the elevator is moving and this can affect the performance of the smoke control system. Therefore, in this study, we experimentally and numerically analyzed the effect of elevator movement on the pressure difference between the vestibule and living room by building a model using the sandwich pressurization method based on the performance based design. To consider the leakage areas in high-rise buildings, e.g. the windows, fire door and elevator, the National Fire Safety Codes and area ratio were used. The elevator speed in the model building was varied between 20 m/s and 100 m/s corresponding to a real elevator speed of 7 m/s~17 m/s. As a result, the relationship between the pressure difference and elevator speed was found to be ${\Delta}P=40{\cdot}{\exp}$(-Ves /-104.7)-23.735. This result can be used to take into consideration the effect of elevator movement when designing smoke control systems.