• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Purpose: Plastic optical monomer materials having ultra high refractive index have an income of the whole quantity from advanced nations to domestic companies which are related to plastic optical lens. It is necessary to develop novel plastic optical lens materials in order to overcome a FTA provision and revitalize a stagnating optical lens industry in the interior optical lens industries. The new plastic optical lens materials against the substitution effect of income should be gradually demanded. This work will be synthesized novel super high refractive monomer resin materials of urethane lens series and studied the properties of optical lens using it. Methods: ETS-4 (2-(2-mercaptoethylthio)-3-{2-[3-mercapto-2-(2-mercaptoethylthio)propyl thio]ethylthio}propane -1-thiol), which is optical lens monomer resin having super high refractive index, was synthesized and identified its structure and property by elemental analysis, EI-MS, TGA, FT-IR spectroscopy, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies. After mixing evenly from mixed monomer resin and diisocyanate series, it was casting in glass mold. After thermal curing, the obtained optical lenses were measured and compared with the refractive index and Abbe number for studies of their optical properties. Results: We have synthesized the novel ultra high refractive index monomer resin, ETS-4, and have identified its structure and property by elemental analysis, EI-MS, TGA, FT-IR spectroscopy, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies. The existence of three isomers for EST-4 was identified by $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopy. The refractive index ($N_d$ at $25^{\circ}C$) of monomer resin in liquid state obtained from the Abbe refractometer was 1.647. The refractive indexes of raw plastic optical lenses prepared from the mixed ETS-4 monomer and diisocyanate series were in the range of 1.656~1.680. Conclusions: Novel super high refractive index plastic optical lens monomer was synthesized and analysed, the optical lenses prepared using it were colorless transparency and excellent properties. It is of utility for the industrialization.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.298-299
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• 2001

안경렌즈는 유리를 연마하여 제작하거나 단량체를 세라믹 금형에 넣어 캐스팅공법으로 플라스틱 렌즈를 만드는 것이 일반적인 방법이었다. 한편 사출성형에 의한 렌즈 및 안경의 제작은 광학적으로 우수한 재료 및 금형을 개발하지 못하여 국내에서는 시도조차 못하는 형편이다. 구미나 유럽의 일부 국가는 PMMA 및 PC를 이용하여 안경 및 안경렌즈를 개발하고 있으며, 이는 공정을 대폭 줄이기 때문에 대량 생산 및 원가 절감을 이룩할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 PMMA 및 PC를 이용하여 그동안 성형할 때에 가장 문제가 되었던 오목 렌즈를 제작하기 위한 근본적인 금형 설계의 문제점 해결과 이를 이용한 일체형 안경과 고강도 렌즈의 제작을 고찰하였다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.313-322
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• 2004

Glasses are to be classified in organic glasses and inorganic glasses. Generally, we just call glasses instead of calling inorganic glasses and call synthetic resin or plastic instead of calling organic glasses. One of the ophthalmic plastic glasses develops into polycarbonate resin in organic glasses. Recently, polycarbonate resin is widely known because it has larger index and impact than plastic lens. Ours study analyzed about polycarbonate resin in ophthalmic substance.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2006

We have surveyed test methods for ophthalmic lens coatings and compared the coating quality of lenses supplied by manufactures. Plastic ophthalmic lenses are produced in increasingly larger volumes. However, their softness have need resistant coatings absolutely essential in most cases. Coating lenses are typically evaluated in physical and chemical properties through random selection from produced lenses. No international standard test methods for ophthalmic lenses exist for issues such as adhesion, abrasion resistance, hardness, chemical and hot water resistance with exception of transmittance. We have learned that there is a great deal of confusion regarding the methods employed in the various tests for ophthalmic coating lenses. For this reason, test methods for ophthalmic lens coatings are needed making all of international or domestic standards available.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the actual state about ultrasonic cleaning of soft contact lenses in local optical shops and evaluate the removal effect of protein deposit on soft contact lenses with different lens containers by ultrasonic cleaner for eyeglasses. Methods: The actual state about ultrasonic cleaning of soft contact lenses was surveyed in total 75 local optical shops in Seoul, Korea. The cleaning efficacy of different lens containers was compared by measuring the protein remained on ocufilcon D contact lenses after washing by an ultrasonic cleaner for eyeglasses. The changes on surfaces and wetting angles of ocufilcon D contact lenses by repeat ultrasonication were further investigated. Results: The main purpose to use ultrasonic cleaners in local optical shops was rapid cleaning. The ultrasonic cleaning efficacy of ocufilcon D contact lenses with glass containers was little higher than it with plastic containers, but was not significantly different. The changes on surfaces and wetting angles of ocufilcon D contact lenses in a plastic lens container by repeat ultrasonication such as 30 and/or 60 times were shown. Conclusions: There was not significant difference in cleaning efficacy between glass and plastic lens containers. However, repeat cleaning with ultrasonic cleaner for eyeglasses would be carefully considered since some significant changes in the parameters of lens surface and wetting angles were detected by repeat ultrasonification even when lens containers were used for ocufilcon D contact lens during ultrasonictions.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate ultraviolet (UV) blocking characteristics of transparent and tinted ophthalmic lenses. Methods: The transmittance spectra of ophthalmic lenses were measured using the method suggested in ANSI Z80.1 standard. Transmittance percentage were calculated for each lens for UV (200~380 nm; UVA, UVB, UVC) and blue light portions (380~400 nm) of spectrum. Results: The results indicate that transparent plastic lenses with middle, high refractive index and tinted plastic lenses had superior UV blocking characteristics at UV radiation while UV blocker-untreated lenses such as crown glasses and CR39 did not. All except high refractive index lenses and anti-glare night vision lens was not effectively blocked blue light. Conclusions: Crown glass and CR39 lenses need to treat UV blockers to protect eyes from UV. Also, all lenes except high refractive index lenses and anti-glare night vision lens need to treat blue light blockers for protecting from blue light.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2011

Purpose: The changes in properties of plastic lens due to heating was investigated. Methods: Plastic lenses of -2.00 diopter were heated at 60-100$^{\circ}C$, and then changes of refractive power, surface condition and transmittance were examined. Results: It was shown that the changes of lens surface due to heating happened at 70$^{\circ}C$ for 1h, 75$^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and 100$^{\circ}C$ 10 sec, respectively. More serious crack was occurred in high index lens and at higher heating temperature, respectively, and transmittance decreased depending on the extent of the damage on the surface of lens. Conclusions: Heating at temperatures above 70$^{\circ}C$ drives cracks on the surface of lens. Optician should recommend an appropriate lens considering the wearer's working conditions and guide for paying attention when they use eyeglasses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

The spherical glasses lenses are typically classified into two groups such as (+) diopter lens and (-) diopter lens by the refractive power index. The thermal deformation of a lens is occurred by external heat source and is changed respected to the diopter of a lens. In this paper, the thermal deformation of spherical glasses lenses were quantitatively measured by using ESPI (electronic speckle pattern interferometry) which has an advantage that the non-contact, non-destructive and precise deformation measurement is available due to the coherency characteristic. The temperature changes were measured by IR camera. It makes experiments over 14 types of the plastic glasses lenses. From the results, it was confirmed that the larger diopter lens showed the less thermal deformation in case of the (+) diopter lens. On the other hand, the thermal deformation of the (-) diopter lens was measured with uniform pattern when the same temperature changes were applied. Also, it was found that the thermnal deformation of the (+) diopter lens is less than that of the (-) diopter lens. Therefore, it is expected that when the thermal deformation is occurred to the various types of the lens, the variation of the focal length caused by the thermal distortion of a lens would be measured quantitatively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1996

The general property of plastic ophthalmic lens has been reviewed by the optical property and polymer structure. A PMMA which is synthesized by the polymerization of monomers of two or more kinds is termed a copolymer, and the main chain composes a skeleton of molecular structure in the polymer. Refraction index of polymer was governed mainly by the polarization of molecular and was followed to increase it conspicuously as Cl, Br, and Iodine was substitude to hydrogen. Thermal dependence of refraction index of polymer show that the higher distinctive characteristic than glass material.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.553-560
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• 2018

Purpose : To investigate a disposal method of disposing contact lenses and the recognition of environmental pollution by micro plastics which may be caused by the wrong disposal method of domestic contact lens wearers. Methods : Two hundred sixty one adults(124 males, 137 females, mean age $21.48{\pm}3.14years$) were participated in this study. They were given the questionnaire survey on contact lenses purchasing place, type of contact lenses, duration of wearing contact lenses, the disposal method of disposing contact lenses and the recognition of the occurrence of environmental pollution. Results : It appeared that eyeglass shop(50.0%) and contact lens shop(48.3%) were the main purchasing places, and the most common type of contact lenses were disposable lenses(38.5%) and daily wearing lenses(52.5%). On the duration of wearing contact lenses they answered more than 5 years(29.3%), less than 1 year (26.0%), less than 1 year to less than 3 years (26.0%), and on wearing a contact lens during a week they did 1-2 days (32.0%), 1 week (28.0%), 5-6 days (22.4%) and 3-4 days (17.6%). It was shown "no(78.3%)" and "yes(21.7%)" to the questionnaire of whether they received information or education about a disposal method at the place where the contact lens was purchased, and "no(87.5%)" and "yes(12.5%)" to the questionnaire of whether they received information or education from schools, public institutions or public media such as the internet. As for the disposal methods, landfill waste(45.6%), recycled garbage(29.6%), and drainage(16.8%) from the sink or toilet responded in order. Although men were more educated and informed about disposal than women (t=3.63189, p<0.00001), women were more aware of environmental pollution(t=2.44269, p=0.01605). Conclusion : In order to reduce the environmental pollution issue caused by the contact lens which does not decompose at the sewage treatment facility and become micro plastics, it is urgent to provide information about correct disposal methods after using contact lenses and to educate contact lens wearers.